This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Waste treatment consists of activities required to make sure that waste has the least practical impact on the environment. In Slovakia, more than 50% of waste is in storage. Waste development depends on the economic situation of the state. In Slovakia, there is economic intolerance of waste treatment due to the weaker economic situation of the inhabitants. The goal of this contribution is to study the development of waste production in Slovakia in regard to economic indexes of households with the aim of improving waste management. The goal is achieved by searching for a relation between economic indexes and households by a correlation matrix and by verification of polynomial dependence. According to the results of the statistical importance, we found similarity of the regions in chosen indexes by using of cluster analysis. By this method a sustainable economy and healthy environment is guaranteed and waste is used to produce energy.
Beáta Stehlíková; Katarína Čulková; Marcela Taušová; Ľubomír Štrba; Eva Mihaliková. Evaluation of Communal Waste in Slovakia from the View of Chosen Economic Indicators. Energies 2021, 14, 5052 .
AMA StyleBeáta Stehlíková, Katarína Čulková, Marcela Taušová, Ľubomír Štrba, Eva Mihaliková. Evaluation of Communal Waste in Slovakia from the View of Chosen Economic Indicators. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):5052.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeáta Stehlíková; Katarína Čulková; Marcela Taušová; Ľubomír Štrba; Eva Mihaliková. 2021. "Evaluation of Communal Waste in Slovakia from the View of Chosen Economic Indicators." Energies 14, no. 16: 5052.
In the European Union, basic strategy results from the need to provide intelligent, sustainable, and inclusive growth, along with respect to social and economic impacts of waste treatment. The paper focuses on municipal waste and its separation. Generally, within global waste management initiatives, the main goal is to minimize the negative effects of waste on the environment, as well as to increase and optimize the sources’ efficiency in the waste economy. Research on municipal waste development and its separation was done in individual regions of Slovakia to find if socially weaker regions have worse waste treatment. The results were compared according to the waste development per inhabitant and per household, as well as through rate indexes, which are connected to relationships between waste, social, and economic indexes. The results confirmed research results from other countries that show that the volume of municipal waste is increasing due to increased living standards of inhabitants. However, on the other hand, waste separation rates also increased—mainly based on the legislative support.
Marcela Taušová; Eva Mihaliková; Katarína Čulková; Beáta Stehlíková; Peter Tauš; Dušan Kudelas; Ľubomír Štrba; Lucia Domaracká. Analysis of Municipal Waste Development and Management in Self-Governing Regions of Slovakia. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5818 .
AMA StyleMarcela Taušová, Eva Mihaliková, Katarína Čulková, Beáta Stehlíková, Peter Tauš, Dušan Kudelas, Ľubomír Štrba, Lucia Domaracká. Analysis of Municipal Waste Development and Management in Self-Governing Regions of Slovakia. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5818.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcela Taušová; Eva Mihaliková; Katarína Čulková; Beáta Stehlíková; Peter Tauš; Dušan Kudelas; Ľubomír Štrba; Lucia Domaracká. 2020. "Analysis of Municipal Waste Development and Management in Self-Governing Regions of Slovakia." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5818.
Slovakia is renowned for its remarkable and rare natural beauty, abundant in natural resources with several noteworthy geological features. However, the protection of nature has primarily been understood as the protection of biodiversity in Slovakia. For the conservation of geological diversity and landforms, very little has been done. Geoconservation or the protection of geodiversity is being applied to specific places known as geosites, where significant earth elements (geological, paleontological, geomorphological, hydrological and pedological) are protected, preserved and managed. Most geosites benefit from existing protected areas. Their protection is random and does not result from the recognition of their values. As discussed in the paper, geotourism related activities can undoubtedly contribute to promoting the protection of geosites in protected areas. Besides, through a geotourism approach, geodiversity can obtain public attention and positively influence the state of protected areas by its activities. Such initiatives not only can improve the protection of geological sites but also can play a crucial role in sustainable tourism development.
Ľubomír Štrba; Jana Kolačkovská; Dušan Kudelas; Branislav Kršák; Csaba Sidor. Geoheritage and Geotourism Contribution to Tourism Development in Protected Areas of Slovakia—Theoretical Considerations. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2979 .
AMA StyleĽubomír Štrba, Jana Kolačkovská, Dušan Kudelas, Branislav Kršák, Csaba Sidor. Geoheritage and Geotourism Contribution to Tourism Development in Protected Areas of Slovakia—Theoretical Considerations. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2979.
Chicago/Turabian StyleĽubomír Štrba; Jana Kolačkovská; Dušan Kudelas; Branislav Kršák; Csaba Sidor. 2020. "Geoheritage and Geotourism Contribution to Tourism Development in Protected Areas of Slovakia—Theoretical Considerations." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2979.
The paper follows-up ongoing research focusing on the potential of machine-readable data as additional knowledge in the governance of local tourism and destination management organizations (DMOs) in Slovakia. The current focus is on one classic social media (Facebook), one location-based social media (Foursquare), two hybrid travel-related platforms with partial attributes of reservation services (Google Places, TripAdvisor), and two online reservation services (Booking, Airbnb). The global aim is the usage of extracted data for the identification of additional entities with the obligation of local occupancy taxation, which is the financial backbone of Slovak (DMOs). A set of simple and globally reusable scripts constructed in Python and PostgreSQL were used to extract data on lodging providers from the Google Places application programming interface (API), the Facebook Place Search API and the Foursquare Venue API over grid overlays of districts’ spatial representation. For pure scientific purposes in the case of Tripadvisor, Booking, and Airbnb, with no suitable access to open APIs, web scraping methods were used for data extraction. The pilot case was applied in the boundaries of Kosice city (Slovakia), and the aggregations of processed data were compared with official open statistics. Results indicate that the automated continuous monitoring of online platforms could help local public administrations in decreasing occupancy tax evasions and even widen knowledge about online audiences and visitors’ satisfaction.
Csaba Sidor; Branislav Kršák; Ľubomír Štrba; Michal Cehlár; Samer Khouri; Michal Stričík; Jaroslav Dugas; Ján Gajdoš; Barbora Bolechová. Can Location-Based Social Media and Online Reservation Services Tell More about Local Accommodation Industries than Open Governmental Data? Sustainability 2019, 11, 5926 .
AMA StyleCsaba Sidor, Branislav Kršák, Ľubomír Štrba, Michal Cehlár, Samer Khouri, Michal Stričík, Jaroslav Dugas, Ján Gajdoš, Barbora Bolechová. Can Location-Based Social Media and Online Reservation Services Tell More about Local Accommodation Industries than Open Governmental Data? Sustainability. 2019; 11 (21):5926.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCsaba Sidor; Branislav Kršák; Ľubomír Štrba; Michal Cehlár; Samer Khouri; Michal Stričík; Jaroslav Dugas; Ján Gajdoš; Barbora Bolechová. 2019. "Can Location-Based Social Media and Online Reservation Services Tell More about Local Accommodation Industries than Open Governmental Data?" Sustainability 11, no. 21: 5926.
The constant consumption of resources exerts pressure on the environment. In this sense, waste management has obtained increasing attention from the view of a circular economy. The European Union deals with these mentioned aspects, trying maintain long-term competitiveness and to provide sustainable development in accordance with all related environmental aspects. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the production of communal waste in 36 EU countries. The main aim is to evaluate the success of countries’ efforts to decrease waste production and increase recycling rates. The methodology used for the evaluation included data collected from the publicly available database Eurostat, consequent analyses and evaluation in the statistical software JMP 13 through regression, distribution, and cluster analysis, and the interpretation of the results. The results of the cluster analysis showed that despite clear EU waste management legislation, EU member states have significantly different waste management systems at the national level. However, generally, we could see positive correlation between the generation of waste and recycling rates. Although, Malta, Austria, Greece, and Norway recorded a decreasing level of waste recycling over the last several years, some countries (Slovakia, Poland, Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania) had significantly lower recycling rates accompanied by low landfill taxes. The evaluation of waste production and recycling can be used for government policy in the area of waste management, as well as for individual communities dealing with communal waste.
Marcela Taušová; Eva Mihaliková; Katarína Čulková; Beáta Stehlíková; Peter Tauš; Dušan Kudelas; Ľubomír Štrba. Recycling of Communal Waste: Current State and Future Potential for Sustainable Development in the EU. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2904 .
AMA StyleMarcela Taušová, Eva Mihaliková, Katarína Čulková, Beáta Stehlíková, Peter Tauš, Dušan Kudelas, Ľubomír Štrba. Recycling of Communal Waste: Current State and Future Potential for Sustainable Development in the EU. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (10):2904.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcela Taušová; Eva Mihaliková; Katarína Čulková; Beáta Stehlíková; Peter Tauš; Dušan Kudelas; Ľubomír Štrba. 2019. "Recycling of Communal Waste: Current State and Future Potential for Sustainable Development in the EU." Sustainability 11, no. 10: 2904.
Analyzing the usability of open machine-readable registries in the context of minimizing gaps for local occupancy tax evasions in the example of Slovakia is the main purpose of this paper. The concept uses the Registry of Financial Statements’ and Registry of Legal Entities’ application programming interfaces (APIs) for extracting public data on companies’ and entrepreneurs’ business nature, in accordance with Eurostat’s Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (NACE) and United Nations’ International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) at the level of entities’ registered address. The resulted data sets are compared with open official data that is available at the municipality level (LAU2), as gathered by the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic’s monthly surveys and municipalities’ annual accounts. The comparison’s outcomes indicate the deviations between the official and the possible numbers of entities with occupancy tax obligations, as well as tax revenues. The results conclude with how the incorporation of used open APIs in official processes may be beneficial for public and state institutions in the matter of potential local tax evasions, as well as for state regulated public-private partnership destination management organizations. The notes also discuss solutions for the minimization of data and the industry’s official impact distortion.
Csaba Sidor; Branislav Kršák; Ľubomír Štrba. Identification of Distorted Official Hospitality Statistics’ and Their Impact on DMOs’ Funding’s Sustainability: Case Notes from Slovakia. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1084 .
AMA StyleCsaba Sidor, Branislav Kršák, Ľubomír Štrba. Identification of Distorted Official Hospitality Statistics’ and Their Impact on DMOs’ Funding’s Sustainability: Case Notes from Slovakia. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (4):1084.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCsaba Sidor; Branislav Kršák; Ľubomír Štrba. 2019. "Identification of Distorted Official Hospitality Statistics’ and Their Impact on DMOs’ Funding’s Sustainability: Case Notes from Slovakia." Sustainability 11, no. 4: 1084.
The impact of tourism on quality of life standards in regions is significant in terms of people, planet, and profit. This paper examines the subnational NUTS 2 level regions, (in line with Eurostat) by applying several interlinked and connected indicators. Adopting the three Ps (people, planet, profit) of the Sustainability Services Marketing Mix, this article discusses the fusion of 54 regions of Central and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovenia, Romania, and Bulgaria) into clusters according to the selected accommodation tourism indicators used by the European Statistical Agency (Eurostat) to evaluate tourism. Since many variables of the Prague region significantly exceed the values of the remaining regions, this region has been considered as an individual cluster, excluded from the cluster analysis. The cluster analysis resulted in the definition of six clusters consisting of regions with similar indicators’ statistics characteristics. The presented approach changes the traditional approach to clusters in tourism and provokes thinking about new criteria of clustering and solutions in the field of tourism, especially when considering future cooperation, competitiveness, and sustainable development.
Gabriela Koľveková; Erika Liptáková; Ľubomír Štrba; Branislav Kršák; Csaba Sidor; Michal Cehlár; Samer Khouri; Marcel Behún. Regional Tourism Clustering Based on the Three Ps of the Sustainability Services Marketing Matrix: An Example of Central and Eastern European Countries. Sustainability 2019, 11, 400 .
AMA StyleGabriela Koľveková, Erika Liptáková, Ľubomír Štrba, Branislav Kršák, Csaba Sidor, Michal Cehlár, Samer Khouri, Marcel Behún. Regional Tourism Clustering Based on the Three Ps of the Sustainability Services Marketing Matrix: An Example of Central and Eastern European Countries. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (2):400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabriela Koľveková; Erika Liptáková; Ľubomír Štrba; Branislav Kršák; Csaba Sidor; Michal Cehlár; Samer Khouri; Marcel Behún. 2019. "Regional Tourism Clustering Based on the Three Ps of the Sustainability Services Marketing Matrix: An Example of Central and Eastern European Countries." Sustainability 11, no. 2: 400.
Geotourism as a globally growing phenomenon is based on several principles where sustainability plays a key role. The value of an individual site of visitors’ interest (geosite, geomorphosite, or site of geological heritage—a primary point of interest in geotourism) may be expressed via specific assessment methods. However, recent geosite assessment methods are primarily focused on various aspects of geoheritage (e.g., location, scientific value, representativeness, etc.) and very low attention is paid to the majority of geotourism participants—people for whom the various geotourism products are introduced and offered. The geotourism development itself would not be possible without interest of tourists (visitors) in such places. Without the knowledge of relevant visitor data incorporated within the assessment, as discussed in this paper, such values, representing the result of the geosite assessment process, cannot be effectively utilized to help future geosite development and management activities related to overall (geo)tourism progress.
Ľubomír Štrba; Branislav Kršák; Csaba Sidor. Some Comments to Geosite Assessment, Visitors, and Geotourism Sustainability. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2589 .
AMA StyleĽubomír Štrba, Branislav Kršák, Csaba Sidor. Some Comments to Geosite Assessment, Visitors, and Geotourism Sustainability. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2589.
Chicago/Turabian StyleĽubomír Štrba; Branislav Kršák; Csaba Sidor. 2018. "Some Comments to Geosite Assessment, Visitors, and Geotourism Sustainability." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2589.
Geotourism as a relatively new form of tourism becomes more and more popular in the world in last years. It primarily depends on geosites (geological heritage) which identification and subsequent assessment are important steps in the process of geotourism development and protection of geosites. Based on the internationally accepted concept of geotourism, an importance of geosite identifications and assessments is undisputable, with special emphasis on presentation of geosites to the general (laic) public which interest is essential for geotourism progress. The work presents research results of criteria affecting the visit of geosites by the general public, on the example of Slovak (geo)tourists. These results represent an important source of information for planning actions related towards general public visitors. Moreover, as indicated by findings of the research, professionals and general public prefer different criteria defining geosite importance and utilization of its geotourism potential. Therefore, both approaches should be implemented in further geotourism development activities.
Ľubomír Štrba. Analysis of Criteria Affecting Geosite Visits by General Public: a Case of Slovak (Geo)Tourists. Geoheritage 2018, 11, 291 -300.
AMA StyleĽubomír Štrba. Analysis of Criteria Affecting Geosite Visits by General Public: a Case of Slovak (Geo)Tourists. Geoheritage. 2018; 11 (2):291-300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleĽubomír Štrba. 2018. "Analysis of Criteria Affecting Geosite Visits by General Public: a Case of Slovak (Geo)Tourists." Geoheritage 11, no. 2: 291-300.
The paper analyses the origin and evolution of the Kysuce landscape from the Mesozoic era until the arrival of humans, identifying the relics of these historical evolutionary stages in the present-day landscape. It presents the most important relics from individual evolutionary time horizons as significant elements of geotourism offer. They are systematised and analysed chronologically, thus allowing geotourists to gain a broader picture of the surveyed region, and bringing them into the focus of geotourists as tangible proof that even a landscape that was formed millions of years ago can continue to stimulate our interest. The paper provides information on authenticity and the opportunity for a potential visitor to “touch” the landscapes’ millions-of-years-old relics in the area of the Kysuce region, Slovakia.
Pavel Hronček; Pavol Rybár; Ľubomír Štrba; Ladislav Hvizdák; Mário Molokáč; Miloš Jesenský. The identification of geosites as elements of geotourism offer in Kysuce region, Slovakia. Dela 2017, 115 -128.
AMA StylePavel Hronček, Pavol Rybár, Ľubomír Štrba, Ladislav Hvizdák, Mário Molokáč, Miloš Jesenský. The identification of geosites as elements of geotourism offer in Kysuce region, Slovakia. Dela. 2017; (48):115-128.
Chicago/Turabian StylePavel Hronček; Pavol Rybár; Ľubomír Štrba; Ladislav Hvizdák; Mário Molokáč; Miloš Jesenský. 2017. "The identification of geosites as elements of geotourism offer in Kysuce region, Slovakia." Dela , no. 48: 115-128.
The paper analyses the origin and evolution of the Kysuce landscape from the Mesozoic era until the arrival of humans, identifying the relics of these historical evolutionary stages in the present-day landscape. It presents the most important relics from individual evolutionary time horizons as significant elements of geotourism offer. They are systematised and analysed chronologically, thus allowing geotourists to gain a broader picture of the surveyed region, and bringing them into the focus of geotourists as tangible proof that even a landscape that was formed millions of years ago can continue to stimulate our interest. The paper provides information on authenticity and the opportunity for a potential visitor to “touch” the landscapes’ millions-of-years-old relics in the area of the Kysuce region, Slovakia.
Pavel Hronček; Pavol Rybár; Ľubomír Štrba; Ladislav Hvizdák; Mário Molokáč; Miloš Jesenský. The identification of geosites as elements of geotourism offer in Kysuce region, Slovakia. Dela 2017, 115 -128.
AMA StylePavel Hronček, Pavol Rybár, Ľubomír Štrba, Ladislav Hvizdák, Mário Molokáč, Miloš Jesenský. The identification of geosites as elements of geotourism offer in Kysuce region, Slovakia. Dela. 2017; (2):115-128.
Chicago/Turabian StylePavel Hronček; Pavol Rybár; Ľubomír Štrba; Ladislav Hvizdák; Mário Molokáč; Miloš Jesenský. 2017. "The identification of geosites as elements of geotourism offer in Kysuce region, Slovakia." Dela , no. 2: 115-128.
Purpose: The revenues for mobile data transmission overtook the revenue of voice calls for the first time in 2014 in the USA. It can be observed that demand for mobile data – largely driven by video and cloud - is increasing exponentially, while overall data revenue is rising only moderately. This will lead to insufficient revenues stream to increase investments into mobile networks and ensure quality service. Consequently, hereof network performance will deteriorate sharply. At the heart of the problem is the current global pricing regime of fixed multiple MB/GB bundles, irrespective of time of the day, intensity of usage (e.g. video vs. email) and underlying economic value of the data. A new framework is proposed as to optimize and align network capacity and implicit data value/utility, which is crucial to ensure customer satisfaction and access justice.Methodology/Approach: The fundamental differences in pricing voice and data in voice and/or data centric networks are analysed in detail. Information has been synthesized as to develop insights into the impact of different devises and type of digital traffic for the overall performance of mobile networks. Based hereupon, a new framework for mobile data has been proposed to address the increasing misalignment between network capacity, usage and underlying data value/utility. Initial solutions have been proposed and discussed.Findings: While voice calls are easily quantifiable and are largely predictable in its occurrence and network load implications, mobile data traffic shows very large variations depending on type of traffic. While social media messaging by many customers consumes very little capacity, consumption of video streaming by relatively few customers can lead already to network saturation.Research Limitation/implication: Carriers set prices for a fixed amount of data – irrespective of intensity and time of data traffic - which leads to sharp spiky type of traffic patterns essentially signalling sharp overuse during busy hours coexist with large period of underused times.Originality/Value of paper: A new framework for proposition building and particularly pricing of mobile data services is provided.
Michael Paetsch; Peter Dorčák; František Pollák; Ľubomír Štrba; Branislav Kršák. Developing a Framework for Future Mobile Data Pricing. Quality Innovation Prosperity 2017, 21, 84 -108.
AMA StyleMichael Paetsch, Peter Dorčák, František Pollák, Ľubomír Štrba, Branislav Kršák. Developing a Framework for Future Mobile Data Pricing. Quality Innovation Prosperity. 2017; 21 (2):84-108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Paetsch; Peter Dorčák; František Pollák; Ľubomír Štrba; Branislav Kršák. 2017. "Developing a Framework for Future Mobile Data Pricing." Quality Innovation Prosperity 21, no. 2: 84-108.
Within relatively new forms of tourism, geotourism takes a well-established position and is developing worldwide. Hand in hand with the development of geotourism, a demand for defining different types of attractive geotourist locations or regions has arisen. Besides typical geotourist locations (geosites)and regions (geoparks), there are several areas that are geo-attractive and cover several individual geosites, but are too small to be defined as “classical” geoparks. This paper discusses an alternative approach to geotourist development by defining ‘smallscale’ geoparks through the example of the eastern part of Slovakia, near the border with Ukraine. The area is characterized by (1) a variegated geological structure, which includes five main geological units of the Carpathians in Slovakia, where many different-type geosites are located (e.g. mineralogical, hydrogeological, volcanological, paleontological, etc.), (2) presence of historical monuments (e.g. castle ruins), (3) botanical objects and (4) wine-producing areas. //Pośród względnie nowych form turystyki geoturystyka zajmuje ugruntowaną pozycję i rozwija się na całym świecie. Jednocześnie z rozwojem geoturystyki pojawiło się zapotrzebowanie na różne rodzaje atrakcyjnych lokalizacji lub regionów geoturystycznych. Poza typowymi obiektami i obszarami geoturystycznymi(geoparki) istnieje kilka atrakcyjnych obszarów, które są zbyt małe, by mogły być uznane za geoparki. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia alternatywne podejście do zagospodarowania geoturystycznego w postaci „małych geoparków” na przykładzie wschodniej części Słowacji, przy granicy z Ukrainą. Obszar ten charakteryzujesię: (1) zróżnicowaną budową geologiczną, na którą składa się pięć głównych jednostek strukturalnych Karpat Słowackich, charakteryzujących się zróżnicowanymi obiektami geoturystycznymi (mineralogicznymi, hydrogeologicznymi, wulkanologicznymi, paleontologicznymi, etc.), (2) obecnością zabytków historycznych (np. ruin zamków), (3) obecnością obiektów przyrody ożywionej (roślinność) i (4) obecnością winnic.
Bartolomej Baláž; Ľubomír Štrba. Possibilities of establishing a ‘small-scale geopark’: examples from the area of Upper Zemplín (Slovakia). Geotourism/Geoturystyka 2015, 42-43, 57 .
AMA StyleBartolomej Baláž, Ľubomír Štrba. Possibilities of establishing a ‘small-scale geopark’: examples from the area of Upper Zemplín (Slovakia). Geotourism/Geoturystyka. 2015; 42-43 (1):57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBartolomej Baláž; Ľubomír Štrba. 2015. "Possibilities of establishing a ‘small-scale geopark’: examples from the area of Upper Zemplín (Slovakia)." Geotourism/Geoturystyka 42-43, no. 1: 57.
Ľubomír Štrba. The Herľany geyser – a unique hydrogeological and geotouristic locality in Europe. Geotourism/Geoturystyka 2014, 38, 41 .
AMA StyleĽubomír Štrba. The Herľany geyser – a unique hydrogeological and geotouristic locality in Europe. Geotourism/Geoturystyka. 2014; 38 (1):41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleĽubomír Štrba. 2014. "The Herľany geyser – a unique hydrogeological and geotouristic locality in Europe." Geotourism/Geoturystyka 38, no. 1: 41.