Managing and evolving a chatbot’s content is a laborious process and there is still a lack of standardization. In this context of standardization, the absence of a management process can lead to bad user experiences with a chatbot. This work proposes the Chatbot Management Process, a methodology for content management on chatbot systems. The proposed methodology is based on the experiences acquired with the development of Evatalk, the chatbot for the Brazilian Virtual School of Government. The focus of this methodology is to evolve the chatbot content through the analysis of user interactions, allowing a cyclic and human-supervised process. We divided the proposed methodology into three distinct phases, namely, manage, build, and analyze. Moreover, the proposed methodology presents a clear definition of the roles of the chatbot team. We validate the proposed methodology along with the creation of the Evatalk chatbot, whose amount of interactions was of 22,771 for the 1,698,957 enrolled attendees in the Brazillian Virtual School of Government in 2020. The application of the methodology on Evatalk’s chatbot brought positive results: we reduced the chatbot’s human hand-off rate from 44.43% to 30.16%, the chatbot’s knowledge base examples increased by 160% whilst maintaining a high percentage of confidence in its responses and keeping the user satisfaction collected in conversations stable.

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, essential for enhancing road safety, driving efficiency, and traffic management, must be robust against cybersecurity threats for successful deployment and acceptance. This survey comprehensively explores V2X security challenges, focusing on prevalent cybersecurity threats such as jamming, spoofing, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), and eavesdropping attacks. These threats were selected due to their prevalence and ability to compromise the integrity and reliability of V2X systems. Jamming can disrupt communications, spoofing can lead to data and identity manipulation, DDoS attacks can saturate system resources, and eavesdropping can compromise user privacy and information confidentiality. Addressing these major threats ensures that V2X systems are robust and secure for successful deployment and widespread acceptance. An extensive review uncovered a global landscape of V2X cybersecurity research. We highlight contributions from China in scientific publications and the United States in patent innovations, with notable advancements from leading corporations such as Qualcomm, LG, Huawei, Intel, Apple, and Samsung. This work educates and informs on the current state of V2X cybersecurity and identifies emerging trends and future research directions based on a year-by-year analysis of the literature and patents. The findings underscore the evolving cybersecurity landscape in V2X systems and the importance of continued innovation and research in this critical field. The survey navigates the complexities of securing V2X communications, emphasizing the necessity for advanced security protocols and technologies, and highlights innovative approaches within the global scientific and patent research context. By providing a panoramic view of the field, this survey sets the stage for future advancements in V2X cybersecurity.

The deployment and acceptance of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies are essential for the advancement of intelligent transportation systems, requiring robust simulation tools for development and validation. This paper offers an overview of leading V2X simulation tools, emphasizing their role in communication and cybersecurity applications. Existing surveys are reviewed, identifying gaps such as the limited coverage of less known tools such as CARLA and CarSim and the absence of detailed market analyses. A thorough assessment of the market significance of V2X simulation tools is provided, highlighting annual trends and profiling leading companies. Publication trends across major scientific databases are also examined, reflecting the growing interest and research diversity in V2X simulations. The review includes an analysis of crucial simulation tools such as SUMO, NS3, OMNeT++, Veins, and CARLA, emphasizing their contributions to V2X communications. Regarding cybersecurity, the study explores simulation parameters for mitigating security threats such as jamming, spoofing, Denial of Service (DoS), and eavesdropping. Furthermore, the increasing integration of different simulation tools is highlighted to address their individual limitations. Finally, emerging research opportunities are identified, advocating for the integration of co-simulation frameworks and AI-driven (Artificial Intelligence) approaches to improve the accuracy and resilience of V2X systems. This survey aims to guide future research efforts in developing secure, efficient, and scalable V2X communication technologies.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have significantly improved transportation quality by using applications capable of monitoring, managing, and improving the transportation system. However, the large number of devices required to provide data to ITS applications has become a challenge in recent years, particularly the high installation and maintenance costs made broad deployment impracticable. Despite several advances in smart city research and the internet of things (IoT), research on ITS is still in the early stages. In this sense, to improve data collection and maintenance strategies for ITS systems, this article proposes a virtual infrastructure model based on data reuse, mainly autonomous vehicle (AV) data, to support ITS applications. It presents design choices and challenges for deploying a virtual infrastructure based on Beyond 5G (B5G) communication and data reuse, followed by developing a proof of concept of an AV data acquisition system evaluated through simulation. The results show that the extra data collection module results in a 1.1% increase in total memory usage with direct sensor collection and a 2.6% increase with application performance management (APM) data collection on the reference hardware. This data reuse setup can significantly improve ITS data challenges with minimal impact on current technology stack on the Autonomous vehicles currently in circulation.

This paper presents the scenario of the Engineering courses of the Faculty UnB Gama (FGA) in relation to the number of male newcomers versus the number of female ones. It is possible to see, through analysis of the data collected, that the number of male students is much higher than that of female ones, from the creation of the campus in the second semester of 2008 until now. This occurs despite FGAs efforts in promoting the Engineering courses on campus using an experimental laboratory, through the Girls in Computing Program, supported by the National Council of Scientific and Technologic Development (CNPq), in partnership with the high schools of the region. Lectures are also conducted, focused on the female public, and looking do debunk the idea that Engineering is a typically male-oriented course, and trying to awaken the vocational interest of women towards Engineering. Through the surveys focused in the low rate of women in engineering courses, some things come up: (1) the lack of stimuli from family and friends when they intend to graduate in this field, and (2), in a way, the stigmatized role of women in Engineering.