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The study examined the role of perceived CSR in deriving customer loyalty by exploring direct and mediated effects of corporate reputation and customer satisfaction in Pakistan’s food chains. The data were collected through a survey method from 322 customers of McDonald’s in Pakistan during October 2019 and January 2020. The collected information was then analyzed through the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to test the hypothesized relationships. The results revealed a significant positive impact of perceived CSR on customer loyalty, corporate reputation, and customer satisfaction. Further, customer satisfaction and corporate reputation appeared to mediate the relationship between perceived CSR and customer loyalty.
Waris Ali; Yu Danni; Badar Latif; Rehana Kouser; Saleh Baqader. Corporate Social Responsibility and Customer Loyalty in Food Chains—Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction and Corporate Reputation. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8681 .
AMA StyleWaris Ali, Yu Danni, Badar Latif, Rehana Kouser, Saleh Baqader. Corporate Social Responsibility and Customer Loyalty in Food Chains—Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction and Corporate Reputation. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8681.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWaris Ali; Yu Danni; Badar Latif; Rehana Kouser; Saleh Baqader. 2021. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Customer Loyalty in Food Chains—Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction and Corporate Reputation." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8681.
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of terrorism on stock markets of South Asia namely, Karachi Stock Exchange 100 index (Pakistan), Bombay Stock Exchange (India), Colombo Stock Exchange (Sri Lanka) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (Bangladesh). Monthly panel data has been used for the period of January 2000 to December 2016. Terrorism events happened during the period of 2000 to 2016 have been incorporated to examine the impact of terrorism on stock market returns of South Asia. DCC GARCH through R software is used to analyze the impact of terrorism on stock market returns and to analyze the spillover effect of terrorism in one country and on the stock markets of other countries of South Asia. The results indicate that terrorism has significant and negative effect on stock market returns of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh but insignificant in Sri Lanka. Results also shows that stock markets return of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh are significant and positively correlated with each other except the Stock market of Sri Lanka.
Rehana Kousar; Zahid Imran; Qaisar Maqbool Khan; Haris Khurram. Impact of Terrorism on Stock Market: A Case of South Asian Stock Markets. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies 2019, 5, 215 -242.
AMA StyleRehana Kousar, Zahid Imran, Qaisar Maqbool Khan, Haris Khurram. Impact of Terrorism on Stock Market: A Case of South Asian Stock Markets. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies. 2019; 5 (2):215-242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRehana Kousar; Zahid Imran; Qaisar Maqbool Khan; Haris Khurram. 2019. "Impact of Terrorism on Stock Market: A Case of South Asian Stock Markets." Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies 5, no. 2: 215-242.
Web 2.0 technology and social media have paved a new way for the communication for individuals and for the businesses of e-commerce firms. This technology has opened the opportunities to introduce new business model which incorporates several social aspects of individuals. As Social Networking Sites are gaining more popularity, these have formed the links between internet consumers and it has become a critical way of getting knowledge for individuals. It has introduced social commerce which is joining of three concepts; e-commerce, web 2.0 and social media. E-commerce firms have started to engage their potential consumers on social media websites for the sake of contacting potential consumers and getting feedback on their products and services. Social Commerce is expanding because of its importance in information sharing. However, emotional support is also considered important factor which is comprised of informational and emotional factors that lead to trust and then ultimately, intentions to buy. This proposed structural model was assessed through collecting data from the online buyers of Pakistan through social media. It was found that in order to generate intentions to buy through social networking sites, social support is vital component that should be focused by the online businesses. This paper is concluded with research limitations and some suggestions for future research.
Lutf Ullah; Rehana Kousar; Irum Saba; Allah Bakhsh Khan. Use of Social Commerce to Develop Intentions to Buy With Mediating Role of Social Support. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 2019, 5, 63 -78.
AMA StyleLutf Ullah, Rehana Kousar, Irum Saba, Allah Bakhsh Khan. Use of Social Commerce to Develop Intentions to Buy With Mediating Role of Social Support. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies. 2019; 5 (1):63-78.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLutf Ullah; Rehana Kousar; Irum Saba; Allah Bakhsh Khan. 2019. "Use of Social Commerce to Develop Intentions to Buy With Mediating Role of Social Support." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 5, no. 1: 63-78.
The symmetrical relationship between currency and equity markets has gained much attention among academicians and policy makers in the recent era. Many studies conducted on this relationship have concluded that there is short-run relationship between these variables and found less evidence about a long-run relationship. Moreover, all previous studies supposed the linear or symmetrical relationship between these variables. In this study, we use daily time series data from G8+5 countries and Pakistan for 2000–2016 and apply linear and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to check the symmetrical and asymmetrical relationship between currency and equity markets. Results have shown that there are asymmetrical linkages between the currency and equity markets.
Rabia Luqman; Rehana Kouser. Asymmetrical Linkages between Foreign Exchange and Stock Markets: Empirical Evidence through Linear and Non-Linear ARDL. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 2018, 11, 51 .
AMA StyleRabia Luqman, Rehana Kouser. Asymmetrical Linkages between Foreign Exchange and Stock Markets: Empirical Evidence through Linear and Non-Linear ARDL. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 2018; 11 (3):51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRabia Luqman; Rehana Kouser. 2018. "Asymmetrical Linkages between Foreign Exchange and Stock Markets: Empirical Evidence through Linear and Non-Linear ARDL." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 11, no. 3: 51.
This study focuses on the impact of Capital Adequacy Ratio on bank’s lending and deposit behavior and also on the importance of maintaining certain level of capital reserve. CAR is examined using two different ratios leverage ratio and risk-based capital ratio. This study is beneficial for the banking industry in determining enough CAR and to make decision for taking deposits and issuing loans. The sample of the study includes 25 banks of Pakistan; 20 conventional and 5 Islamic banks and the study period is of 10 years. Panel data methodology is used. Data is collected from secondary sources. Findings show that CAR has impact on change in capital and change in loans.
Sakina Narmeen; Irum Saba; Rehana Kouser; Haris Khurram. Why Banks Need Adequate Capital Adequacy Ratio? A Study of Lending & Deposit Behaviors of Banking Sector of Pakistan. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies 2018, 4, 1 -16.
AMA StyleSakina Narmeen, Irum Saba, Rehana Kouser, Haris Khurram. Why Banks Need Adequate Capital Adequacy Ratio? A Study of Lending & Deposit Behaviors of Banking Sector of Pakistan. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies. 2018; 4 (1):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSakina Narmeen; Irum Saba; Rehana Kouser; Haris Khurram. 2018. "Why Banks Need Adequate Capital Adequacy Ratio? A Study of Lending & Deposit Behaviors of Banking Sector of Pakistan." Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies 4, no. 1: 1-16.
This research paper aims to understand the impact of corporate governance (CG) on economic, social, and environmental sustainability disclosures. This paper adopted an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach. The data regarding corporate governance and sustainability disclosure were collected from top 100 companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE) for the period ranging from 2012 to 2015. In addition to the quantitative data, we collected qualitative data through interviews with five board members of different companies. Overall, our results indicate that CG elements enhance sustainability disclosures. This study concludes that a large board size consisting of a female director and a CSR committee (CSRC) is better able to check and control management decisions regarding sustainability issues (be they economic, environment, or social) and resulted in better sustainability disclosure. This paper, through quantitative and qualitative analysis, provides a methodological and empirical contribution to the literature on corporate governance and sustainability reporting in emerging and developing countries.
Zeeshan Mahmood; Rehana Kouser; Waris Ali; Zubair Ahmad; Tahira Salman. Does Corporate Governance Affect Sustainability Disclosure? A Mixed Methods Study. Sustainability 2018, 10, 207 .
AMA StyleZeeshan Mahmood, Rehana Kouser, Waris Ali, Zubair Ahmad, Tahira Salman. Does Corporate Governance Affect Sustainability Disclosure? A Mixed Methods Study. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (1):207.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeeshan Mahmood; Rehana Kouser; Waris Ali; Zubair Ahmad; Tahira Salman. 2018. "Does Corporate Governance Affect Sustainability Disclosure? A Mixed Methods Study." Sustainability 10, no. 1: 207.