The extensive consumption of processed foods in restaurants, such as rice, beans, vegetables, and legumes, represents 69.5% of the daily diet of Brazilians. This high intake of processed foods can carry Waterborne and Foodborne Diseases (WTAFs) due to poor hygiene of food handlers and contamination of water by parasites, resulting in symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Intestinal parasites cause clinical manifestations that can vary from asymptomatic to severe symptoms depending on the parasitic load, the individual's immune status, and the parasite in question. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze freshly prepared salads marketed and consumed in restaurants in the city of Jataí-GO in the years 2018 and 2019. A total of 122 samples of salads, approximately 100 grams each, were acquired, and different conventional parasitological methods were applied for parasite detection. For the isolation of Free-Living Amoebas (FLAs), sedimentation with agar plate seeding was used. The culture revealed a high contamination of restaurants by FLAs, and it was observed that the contamination in 2019 was higher than in 2018. Helminths identified in the parasitological analysis include Taenia sp., Fasciola sp., Eurytrema sp., Enterobius vermicularis, Toxocara sp., Eimeria sp., Trichuris sp., eggs from the Strongylidae family, and the protozoa Entamoeba coli and Cystoisospora sp. The high contamination rate of salads indicates poor food hygiene or poor hygiene of handlers, reflecting the lack of inspection by health authorities in establishments providing ready-to-eat foods. O grande consumo de alimentos processados em restaurantes, como arroz, feijão, verduras e legumes, representa 69,5% da alimentação diária dos brasileiros. Essa alta ingestão de alimentos processados podem carrear Doenças Transmitidas por Água e Alimentos (DTAAs) devido à má higienização dos manipuladores aos alimentos e à contaminação da água por parasitos, tendo como sintomas náuseas, diarreia, vômitos e dores abdominais. Os parasitos intestinais provocam manifestações clínicas que podem variar de assintomáticas ou evoluir para sintomas graves dependendo da carga parasitária, estado imunológico do indivíduo e do parasito em questão. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar saladas in natura comercializadas e consumidas em restaurantes na cidade de Jataí-GO nos anos de 2018 e 2019. Foram adquiridas 122 amostras de saladas com aproximadamente 100 gramas cada, sendo aplicados diferentes métodos parasitológicos convencionais para a detecção de parasitos e para o isolamento das amebas de vida livre (AVL) utilizou-se o sedimento com a semeadura em placa com ágar. A cultura revelou elevada contaminação dos restaurantes por AVL e observou-se que a contaminação em 2019 foi maior do que em 2018. Foram identificados na análise parasitológica os helmintos: Taenia sp., Fasciola sp., Eurytrema sp., Enterobius vermicularis, Toxocara sp., Eimeria sp., Trichuris sp., ovos da família Strongylidae; e os protozoários Entamoeba coli e Cystoisospora sp. A alta taxa de contaminação das saladas indica má higienização dos alimentos, ou má higiene dos manipuladores, retratando a falta de inspeção pela vigilância sanitária em estabelecimentos provedores de comidas prontas.

This study analyzed the biofilm production of S. pseudintermedius isolated from the ocular surface of dogs with ophthalmopathies and investigated the genes involved. Of the 63 isolates, 50.8% produced biofilm, 71.9% being weak, 25% moderate and 3.1% strong. All methicillin-resistant isolates had weak to moderate production, and multiresistant isolates produced biofilm at different intensities. Entropion was the ocular condition with the most biofilm-producing isolates, followed by keratoconjunctivitis sicca. A strong strain was identified in a dog with chalazion. The nuc gene was detected in 42.8% of isolates, while icaA and icaD were found together in 68.2%, icaD alone in 3.2%, and neither gene in 26.9%. Among genetically identified isolates, 74.1% had both genes, while 25.9% did not. Agreement between phenotypic and genotypic tests was poor (Kappa = 0.1046), highlighting the need for combined methods to identify biofilm production. S. pseudintermedius showed significant biofilm formation capacity, especially in species such as S. pseudintermedius, which represents a relevant single health problem.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar o perfil de resistência e formação de biofilme em isolados de centros cirúrgicos de 2 hospitais da região sudoeste de Goiás. Métodos: estudo de caráter experimental laboratorial, onde foram realizadas coletas durante os meses de março a agosto de 2023. Resultados: das 50 amostras coletadas, foram isoladas 104 bactérias, 81,7% (85/104) gram-positivas e 18,3% (19/104) gram-negativas. Destas, 55,3% (47/85) do gênero Staphylococcus foram classificadas como multidroga resistente e resistente a meticilina e 15,7% (3/19) das gram-negativas como multidroga resistente. 66,34% (69/104) foram produtoras de biofilme, sendo 79,7% (55/69) gram-positivas e 20,3% (14/69) gram-negativas. Conclusões: tal achado traz grande preocupação visto que estes microrganismos em ambientes hospitalares apresentam risco elevado para infecções de sítio cirúrgico de difícil tratamento devido às cepas multirresistentes.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of surgical instruments’ manual cleaning versus automated cleaning in an ultrasonic cleaner for the removal of biofilms on surgical forceps contaminated with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Subsequently, the residual microbial load was quantified through microbiological culture, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of biofilm removal under different reprocessing conditions. Cleaning is an essential step in the processing of surgical instruments to ensure the effective removal of dirt and microorganisms. Through adhesion, microorganisms can attach to surfaces and form biofilms, organized structures surrounded by an extracellular matrix consisting of various components, which favor metabolic exchanges, adaptation, resistance, and bacterial dispersion. These biofilms increase the pathogenic potential of microorganisms, contributing to the occurrence of Healthcare-Associated Infections, and to avoid these, it is essential that preventive measures aimed at microbial reduction are adopted. Automated cleaning proved more effective than manual cleaning, and the combined approach achieved the greatest microbial reduction, though persistent contamination was still observed. The ability of adhesion and biofilm formation on the surfaces of surgical instruments is regarded as a challenge for complete microbial removal. These findings enhance the need for more rigorous reprocessing protocols and complementary strategies to ensure greater safety in the use of reusable instruments in clinical practice.

Objectives: to evaluate the resistance profile and biofilm formation in isolates from operating rooms in two hospitals in the southwestern region of Goiás. Methods: an experimental laboratory study was conducted, with samples collected between March and August 2023. Results: of the 50 samples collected, 104 bacteria were isolated, 81.7% (85/104) gram-positive and 18.3% (19/104) gram-negative. Of these, 55.3% (47/85) of the Staphylococcus genus were classified as multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant, and 15.7% (3/19) of the Gram-negative bacteria were classified as multidrug-resistant. 66.34% (69/104) were biofilm producers, with 79.7% (55/69) being Gram-positive and 20.3% (14/69) Gram-negative. Conclusions: this finding is of great concern, as these microorganisms in hospital environments pose a high risk for surgical site infections that are difficult to treat due to multidrug-resistant strains.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) limits the efficacy of conventional antibiotics, particularly in infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. anoplin, a short membrane-active antimicrobial peptide, represents a promising scaffold for structural optimization. This study evaluated the antimicrobial performance of anoplin and its C-terminal lysine-mediated dimer, (anoplin)₂K, against clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenemase-producing and non-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), time–kill kinetics, checkerboard interaction assays, and hemolytic activity were determined. While MIC values showed moderate differences between the peptides, (anoplin)₂K demonstrated enhanced bactericidal kinetics, achieving complete eradication of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 60 min at 256 µM. Additive effects predominated in combination assays, with selective synergism observed for sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim. Reduced susceptibility was observed for carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae. Although the dimeric analogue exhibited increased hemolytic activity at higher concentrations, the results indicate that C-terminal dimerization modulates killing dynamics and enhances antimicrobial performance. These findings support further optimization of anoplin-derived dimers as potential adjunct strategies against multidrug-resistant pathogens.