The object of the study is energy efficiency and innovation activity of industrial enterprises. The literature review has shown that the problem of the nature of mutual influence of energy efficiency and innovation activity of the enterprise remains unresolved. The following problem was investigated: existence and nature of dependence of energy efficiency and innovation activity of industrial enterprises. This problem is solved in this study based on the construction of trend lines on the average annual dynamics of changes in energy efficiency, the share of intangible assets and the share of R&D results of large industrial enterprises for 2018–2022. The following results were obtained: – indicators of the share of intangible assets and R&D results directly affect the energy efficiency indicator; – the indicator of energy efficiency does not affect the indicator of the share of intangible assets, while it has a direct impact on the indicator of R&D results. These results explain the priority of the indicator "share of R&D results" in innovation activity for the energy efficiency of enterprises, as it is based on real production. The features of the obtained results consist in the application of comparable correlation analysis coefficients, confirming the existence of a direct relationship between these parameters. The paper provides recommendations on the use of the obtained results at the level of strategic management of an industrial enterprise. The practical significance of this study is the possibility of applying the findings and recommendations to improve the energy efficiency of industrial enterprises in their innovative development in the scope and conditions corresponding to the developing economy

This article assesses how the combined effects of rapid agricultural land‑use expansion and the saiga (Saiga tatarica) migrations influence Kazakhstan’s agricultural sector and evaluates sustainable land‑use solutions that reconcile production and biodiversity goals. Drawing on data from the Ministry of Ecology and field studies in the West Kazakhstan, Atyrau, and Kyzylorda regions, we quantify direct financial losses from crop damage, costs of restoring fences, irrigation and farm buildings, as well as foregone yields. Spatial analysis and statistical modeling identify three “hot” vulnerability clusters and seasonal loss dynamics (up to 60% in summer, ~16% in spring). The research spans five annual migration cycles and incorporates stakeholder consultations with farmers and conservation authorities to refine interventions. Practice-oriented measures are proposed – protected migration corridors aligned with traditional routes, farmer compensation schemes and integrated population- management strategies (scientific monitoring, local co-management, economic incentives) – to harmonize biodiversity conservation with sustainable agriculture.

The development of the digital economy causes cardinal socio-economic shifts, including those in the field of labor relations. Therefore, the study of basic processes of functioning and development of the labor market is an urgent task. Research methods: generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, structural-logical analysis, monographic method, statistical modeling methods, machine learning methods, neural network modeling, fuzzy logic. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodological approach to the study of basic processes of functioning and development of the labor market under the conditions of digitalization. The hypothesis of the study – the digitalization of the economy activates structural shifts in the labor market, which can cause imbalances that can be eliminated through the development of human potential. In the course of the study, it was found that the existing methods and tools in this area are not sufficient for diagnosing the labor market under the conditions of digitalization. The article proposes the author’s methodology of analysis, based on two complex parameters: flexibility and social protection. Also, using the tools of fuzzy logic, an approach to assessing the level of social security and protection of the population was developed. The use of the approaches proposed in the article will make it possible to determine the specifics of the development of labor resources and the ongoing transformations in the structure of employment under the influence of modern technology and will also make it possible to substantiate measures of state regulation and support adequate to the challenges of our time.

The article discusses the issue of pasture degradation in the West Kazakhstan region, which has been caused by a significant rise in the population of saigas (Saiga tatarica). The study aims to quantify agricultural losses and establish the relationship between saiga numbers and ecosystem changes. The research methodology incorporates field observations, agroecological observations, and mathematical analysis. Data were collected in areas heavily affected by saiga migration in 2024. Correlation and regression analyses were performed. The results showed that hay yield decreased by 14 kg/ha for every additional 1,000 saiga individuals. The greatest losses were recorded in the Bokeiordinsky district, where grazing pressure exceeded 62.5%. It was concluded that urgent measures are needed to regulate the saiga population, restore degraded land, and introduce rotational grazing. Mechanisms for the adaptive management of wild populations that take into account the interests of the agricultural sector were proposed. The findings obtained can provide a solid foundation for informed decision-making in agricultural and environmental policy within the region.

The goal is to analyze the current state of grain production in economically developed countries and Kazakhstan, its interaction with material and technical support. Methods - the theoretical and methodological basis of the study includes the fundamental development and concepts of domestic and foreign scientists on the acceleration of the technical equipment of grain sub-complex, the provisions of modern economic theory, regulatory documents and legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the process of studying these problems, the following methods were applied: system analysis, monographic, economic statistics. Results - the main directions of State regulation of this sub-sector of the agro-industrial complex were analyzed. The prospects for the development of grain farming are shown, aspects of replenishment of fixed assets, introduction of innovations, new technologies and techniques are considered. The coefficients of withdrawal and renewal of the machine and tractor facilities (MTF), the average age of tractors and combines have been calculated. The industry, despite its significant potential, retains imbalances and remains noncompetitive. There is a low investment activity of foreign capital. Conclusions - the state of the MTF of agricultural enterprises in grain sector is extremely unsatisfactory, the possibility of its replenishment is significantly lower than the rate of decommissioning of outdated agricultural equipment, which leads to the increased load on one tractor and combine harvester. In turn, high cost of new machines does not allow agricultural producers to purchase equipment, introduce modernized models that ensure the use of modern, including resource-saving technologies. There is a need for program measures to promote the development of agricultural engineering.

The minimum level of state support in Kazakhstan does not allow agricultural enterprises to intensively update equipment and technologies due to a low level of profitability, even taking into account state support. The high level of competition in agriculture forces agricultural producers to make every effort and use every opportunity to ensure the production of competitive products. The remaining financial resources are insufficient to ensure normal reproduction, and only state support allows agricultural enterprises to acquire the minimum necessary assets. The main goal of the article is to make a literature review on the innovation development in agriculture and identify factors impacting it. The authors emphasized the current problems and proposed innovative improvements to the current state of agriculture. The low level of education of farmers and lack of a regional knowledge transfer system together with the production and financing problems does not allow the development of innovative agriculture. Methods of statistical data analysis, literature analysis, state policy review, systematic approach, content analysis, and comparison were the methodological research tools. A systematic approach allows identifying common system properties and qualitative characteristics of elements of an innovation system. Content analysis compares literature studies. Statistical data analysis gives a visual picture of innovation related information for a period. Literature and state policy analysis enrich existing knowledge and research gaps for influencing agricultural innovations determinants. Key factors affecting the development of innovative processes in agriculture are the level of financial resources of organizations, the level of motivation to innovate, and the ability of organizations to create innovations or replicate innovations that have already been created. In our opinion, the state should organize research or project calls involving all necessary stakeholders where the implementation point is agribusiness, as innovation requires collaboration, ideation, implementation, and value creation. Currently, state research calls are organized separately for research not necessarily involving end users and implementation and commercialization of innovative ideas, which are not always interesting for agricultural producers. Key words: innovation, agricultural sector, entrepreneurship, agricultural policy, Kazakhstan.