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Kafeel Ahmad
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan

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Journal article
Published: 30 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Basmati rice is increasingly recognized and consumed in different parts of the world due to its different tastes and nutritional properties. This research focused on determining the cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) content in locally grown basmati rice in Pakistan and assessing the risks of these values to human health. Root, shoot and grain samples of basmati rice were taken, along with soil samples from the five regions studied. Metal mean concentrations (mg/kg) in grains fluctuated from 2.70 to 9.80 for Cd, 4.80 to 9.85 for Zn, 1.16 to 1.46 for Cu, 1.84 to 10.86 for Co, 2.05 to 13.07 for Fe, 5.03 to 11.11 for Mn and 3.24 to 13.28 for Ni, respectively. All metal values were within permissible limits except for Cd. The enrichment factor for Cd was highest among all sites. Cobalt and zinc had the highest bioaccumulation factor and translocation factor. The highest enrichment factor was noticed for Cd and the lowest for Cu. The health risk index at all examined sites was less than one. Consistent examination is recommended to limit health hazards instigated by the use of rice polluted with a greater concentration of Cd.

ACS Style

Farah Tariq; Xiukang Wang; Muhammad Saleem; Zafar Khan; Kafeel Ahmad; Ifra Saleem Malik; Mudasra Munir; Shehzadi Mahpara; Naunain Mehmood; Tasneem Ahmad; Hafsa Memona; Ilker Ugulu; Sajid Fiaz; Shafaqat Ali. Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Basmati Rice: Implications for Public Health. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8513 .

AMA Style

Farah Tariq, Xiukang Wang, Muhammad Saleem, Zafar Khan, Kafeel Ahmad, Ifra Saleem Malik, Mudasra Munir, Shehzadi Mahpara, Naunain Mehmood, Tasneem Ahmad, Hafsa Memona, Ilker Ugulu, Sajid Fiaz, Shafaqat Ali. Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Basmati Rice: Implications for Public Health. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8513.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farah Tariq; Xiukang Wang; Muhammad Saleem; Zafar Khan; Kafeel Ahmad; Ifra Saleem Malik; Mudasra Munir; Shehzadi Mahpara; Naunain Mehmood; Tasneem Ahmad; Hafsa Memona; Ilker Ugulu; Sajid Fiaz; Shafaqat Ali. 2021. "Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Basmati Rice: Implications for Public Health." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8513.

Journal article
Published: 14 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Exposure to toxic metals (TMs) such as cobalt (Co) can cause lifelong carcinogenic disorders and mutagenic outcomes. TMs enter ground water and rivers from human activity, anthropogenic contamination, and the ecological environment. The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of sewage water irrigation on cobalt (Co) toxicity and bioaccumulation in a soil-plant environment and to assess the health risk of grazing livestock via forage consumption. Cobalt is a very necessary element for the growth of plants and animals; however, higher concentrations have toxic impacts. Measurement of Co in plant, soil and water samples was conducted via wet digestion method using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The Co pollution severity was examined in soil, forage crops (Sorghum bicolor Kuntze, Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk. and Tribulus terrestris L.) in blood, hair and feces of sheep, cow and buffalo from district Toba-Tek-Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. Three sites were selected for investigation of Co level in soil and forage samples. Highest concentration of Co was 0.65 and 0.35 mg/kg occurring in S. bicolor at site I. The sheep blood, cow hair and sheep feces samples showed highest concentrations of 0.545, 0.549 and 0.548 mg/kg, respectively at site I and site II. Bioconcentration factor, pollution load index, enrichment factor and daily intake were found to be higher (0.667, 0.124, 0.12 and 0.0007 mg/kg) in soil, S. bicolor, S. fruticosa and in buffalo, respectively, at site I. It was concluded that forage species irrigated with wastewater are safe for consumption of livestock. However, though the general values were lower than the permissible maximum limit, it was observed that the bioaccumulation in the forage species was higher. Therefore, soil and food chain components should be avoided from trace metal contamination, and other means of nonconventional water resources should be employed for forages irrigation.

ACS Style

Muhammad Hussain; Zafar Iqbal Khan; Majida Naeem; Kafeel Ahmad; Muhammad Awan; Mona Alwahibi; Mohamed Elshikh. Blood, Hair and Feces as an Indicator of Environmental Exposure of Sheep, Cow and Buffalo to Cobalt: A Health Risk Perspectives. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7873 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Hussain, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Majida Naeem, Kafeel Ahmad, Muhammad Awan, Mona Alwahibi, Mohamed Elshikh. Blood, Hair and Feces as an Indicator of Environmental Exposure of Sheep, Cow and Buffalo to Cobalt: A Health Risk Perspectives. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7873.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Hussain; Zafar Iqbal Khan; Majida Naeem; Kafeel Ahmad; Muhammad Awan; Mona Alwahibi; Mohamed Elshikh. 2021. "Blood, Hair and Feces as an Indicator of Environmental Exposure of Sheep, Cow and Buffalo to Cobalt: A Health Risk Perspectives." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7873.

Research paper
Published: 16 October 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research
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A pot experiment was conducted to observe the impact of the application of various fertilizers on the availability of trace metals in different parts of a pearl millet variety (YBS–98). The level of metals in the pearl millet plant (root, shoot, and grains) was analyzed by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA–6300 Shimadzu Japan). Comparing different parts of millet plant Cu (3.4–4.5), Fe (62.8–73.9), Mn (23.8–44.1), Zn (22.4–43.3), Ni (4.9–7.8), and Pb (0.3–0.5) mg/kg were accumulated more in root, while Cd (0.3–1.5) mg/kg was accumulated more in grains. This shows that pearl millet phytostabilizes most of the metals in its root. The level of all metals in the pearl millet plant was within the safe limit suggested by FAO/WHO excluding Cd whose level was above the permissible limit given by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The values of all trace metals and micronutrients were higher in mixed fertilizer treatment followed by poultry manure, cow manure, NPK, and control. The bioaccumulation factor for Mn was highest among all metals, whereas the translocation factor for Cd was greater than 1. The values of pollution load index for all metals in five treatments were found within the safe limit. The values of a health risk index for all metals in all treatments were less than 1 indicating that the manure treated pearl millet grains were free of risk for human consumption.

ACS Style

Kinza Wajid; Kafeel Ahmad; Zafar Iqbal Khan; Muhammad Nadeem. Pattern of Trace Metal Uptake in Pearl Millet as a Result of Application of Organic and Synthetic Fertilizers. International Journal of Environmental Research 2020, 15, 33 -44.

AMA Style

Kinza Wajid, Kafeel Ahmad, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Muhammad Nadeem. Pattern of Trace Metal Uptake in Pearl Millet as a Result of Application of Organic and Synthetic Fertilizers. International Journal of Environmental Research. 2020; 15 (1):33-44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kinza Wajid; Kafeel Ahmad; Zafar Iqbal Khan; Muhammad Nadeem. 2020. "Pattern of Trace Metal Uptake in Pearl Millet as a Result of Application of Organic and Synthetic Fertilizers." International Journal of Environmental Research 15, no. 1: 33-44.

Research article
Published: 30 March 2018 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Pakistan is an agricultural country and due to the shortage of clean water, most of the irrigated area (32,500 ha) of Pakistan was supplied with wastewater (0.876 × 109 m3/year). Concentrations of heavy metals in radish (Raphanus sativus) and turnip (Brassica rapa) taken from vegetable fields in Sargodha, Pakistan, were measured. Untreated wastewater was used persistently for a long time to irrigate these vegetable fields. A control site was selected that had a history of fresh groundwater irrigation. Mean metal concentrations were found for irrigation water, soil, and vegetables. In irrigation water, concentrations of Mo and Pb at three sites and Se at sites II and III were higher than the recommended limits. In vegetables, concentrations of Mo and Pb were above the maximum permissible limits. High bioconcentration factor was observed for Zn (12.61 in R. sativus and 11.72 in B. rapa) at site I and high pollution load index was found for Pb (3.89 in R. sativus and 3.87 in B. rapa) at site II. The differences in metal concentrations found in samples depended upon different soil nature and assimilation capacities of vegetables at different sites which in turn depended upon different environmental cues. The entrance of metal and metalloids to human body may happen through different pathways; however, the food chain is the chief route through which metals are transferred from vegetables to individuals. Health risk index observed for metals, (Mo, As, Ni, Cu, and Pb) higher than 1 indicated high risk through consumption of these vegetables at three sites.

ACS Style

Kafeel Ahmad; Asma Ashfaq; Zafar Iqbal Khan; Humayun Bashir; Muhammad Sohail; Naunain Mehmood; Yunus Dogan. Metal accumulation in Raphanus sativus and Brassica rapa: an assessment of potential health risk for inhabitants in Punjab, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018, 25, 16676 -16685.

AMA Style

Kafeel Ahmad, Asma Ashfaq, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Humayun Bashir, Muhammad Sohail, Naunain Mehmood, Yunus Dogan. Metal accumulation in Raphanus sativus and Brassica rapa: an assessment of potential health risk for inhabitants in Punjab, Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018; 25 (17):16676-16685.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kafeel Ahmad; Asma Ashfaq; Zafar Iqbal Khan; Humayun Bashir; Muhammad Sohail; Naunain Mehmood; Yunus Dogan. 2018. "Metal accumulation in Raphanus sativus and Brassica rapa: an assessment of potential health risk for inhabitants in Punjab, Pakistan." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 17: 16676-16685.