This study presents the results of an investigation into the physicochemical properties of oil sludge, its organic fraction, and PN-6sh oil. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy were used for analysis. Based on the physico-mechanical testing of oil sludge samples from PetroKazakhstan Oil Products LLP, it was determined that the composition of the oil sludge includes organic compounds, solid inorganic components, and water. The main portion of the organic fraction of the oil sludge consists of paraffins and asphalt-resin substances. The presence of organic compounds in the oil sludge suggests a plasticizing effect when the organic fraction is introduced into rubber mixtures. The results of the physicochemical analysis of oil sludge, its organic fraction, and PN-6sh oil indicate the feasibility of replacing PN-6sh oil with the organic fraction of oil sludge in rubber formulations, offering economically efficient approaches to the production of rubber materials. As part of the research, a rubber mixture was developed for manufacturing rubber seals for water traps using the organic fraction of oil sludge as a substitute for PN-6sh oil. The developed mixtures demonstrated satisfactory physical and mechanical characteristics. It was established that the organic fraction of oil sludge can be used in doses ranging from 2.0 to 6.0 parts by weight in elastomer compositions based on SKI-3 rubber. It was shown that introducing the organic fraction of oil sludge into the elastomer composition increases the Mooney viscosity of rubber mixtures by 9.09%, while the time to reach the maximum vulcanization rate for rubber seals of water traps is reduced to 3 minutes and 9 seconds, making the tested mixture superior to the reference one. The use of a secondary product, such as the organic fraction of oil sludge, in elastomer compositions helps reduce production costs while maintaining essential performance characteristics.

This article discusses the possibility of using natural zeolite from the Changkanai deposit as a filler for rubber compounds. Numerous studies devoted to the study of the effects of mineral fillers on the characteristics of rubber indicate the prospects and possibilities for the development of this field.When filling rubbers with mineral components under standard conditions, a number of positive effects are observed. In particular, this leads to a reduction in the cost of the material, improvement of its elasticstrength characteristics and optimization of the technological properties of the composition. These changes are important for the industry, where cost and material quality control plays a key role.The urgent task of this work is to replace expensive fillers with more affordable alternatives, in order to preserve all the required characteristics of rubber compounds. Therefore, the new ingredients must provide the same or improved properties so that the finished product meets the standards and operational requirements. Maintaining strength, elasticity, wear resistance and other key indicators becomes a top priority in the search and implementation of substitutes, which reduces costs without loss of product quality.Within the framework of the study, the objects of study are zeolites of the Changkanai deposit and rubbers used for the production of dielectric mats, which must have high electrical insulating properties and mechanical strength.To analyze the physico-chemical properties of zeolites, studies using IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were carried out. These methods provide detailed information about the structure and composition of zeolite powders, which is critically important for assessing their potential as fillers for rubber.As a result of experimental studies, it was found that the rubber mixture obtained with partial replacement of white soot with zeolite from the Changkanai deposit demonstrates satisfactory physical and mechanical properties. This opens up new prospects for the use of natural zeolites in the rubber industry, contributing to both cost reduction and improvement of the quality of the final product.Thus, the results of the work emphasize the importance of further research in this area aimed at optimizing the compositions of rubber compounds using affordable and environmentally friendly materials such as natural zeolites.

Optimization of the composition of rubber compounds is a complex and multifactorial process due to the variety of components used and the complex relationships between them. Conducting a series of experimental studies to select the optimal formulation requires a significant investment of time, raw materials and laboratory resources. In this paper, an approach based on the use of mathematical modeling methods is proposed, which makes it possible to predict the properties of rubber compounds and determine their optimal composition. Special attention is paid to the use of natural zeolite and oil refining waste as modifying additives, which helps to increase the efficiency and environmental friendliness of production. The additives used include the organic fraction of oil sludge and natural zeolite from the Chankanai deposit. Based on a priori information, an experimental design was developed to enable the construction of adequate mathematical models using the least squares method. These models describe the relationships between the component composition and both performance properties and economic criteria. An optimization problem is then formulated based on these models, followed by an analysis of its features and the selection of the most effective solution method. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through an example of optimizing the rubber compound formulation. Modification of rubber compounds makes it possible to obtain composite materials with increased oil resistance, stable elastic and strength properties. This approach helps to reduce production costs by using affordable raw materials and simplifying the technological process. The developed computational model for determining the optimal composition of a rubber compound can be used both in scientific research and in industrial practice in the development of new formulations of elastomeric compositions.

This study investigates the potential use of the organic fraction of oily sludge (OFOS) as a partial or complete substitute for the commercial petroleum-based processing oil PN-6Sh in rubber compounds based on synthetic isoprene rubber (SKI-3). OFOS was recovered from oily sludge by liquid extraction. The chemical characteristics of the original oily sludge, OFOS, and PN-6Sh were evaluated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and hydrocarbon group composition analysis. Hydrocarbon-group analysis showed closely matched light- and medium-aromatic fractions in OFOS and PN-6Sh, whereas GC-MS and FTIR were used as complementary qualitative characterization methods. Five formulations were investigated with a total processing-oil content of 6 phr and PN-6Sh replacement levels of 0–100%. Increasing OFOS content caused only a moderate change in Mooney viscosity, while the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates remained nearly unchanged throughout the replacement range. At 100% replacement, the elongation at break after thermal aging was 317%, identical to that of the control vulcanizate. Under the investigated laboratory conditions, complete replacement of PN-6Sh with OFOS preserved the evaluated mechanical properties and thermal-aging behavior without a practically meaningful loss in performance. Further application-specific qualification is required before industrial equivalence can be established.

In this article is considered hydrogenation of benzene in liquid phase at presence rhodium support catalyst.where as carrieris usedpillar structural montmorillonite obtaining from bentonite clay..The degree of using an internal surface of porous system is depended.of the size particles.Increase the concentration of chromium above 20 mmole per gram of clay does not lead to the further growth of distance. It is probably connected by that in a solution there are not hydrolized forms of chromium chloride which do not influence formation pillar structures. Modifying montmorillonite minerals containing in bentonite clay gives to them heat resistance. The specific surface of samples(containing 15-30 mmole Cr3+) were defined after heat treatment at 180°C are 240-260 m2 /g and increasing the temperature up to 500-560°C decreases this value insignificant to 220-240 м2 /г, accordingly. Not modified bentonite clay lost their porosity at 140°C, and a specific surface made 20 m2 /g. Besides reaction of hydro-dehydrogenation of cyclic hydrocarbons a huge interest are represented in hydrogen technology. Everyone mole of benzene and its derivatives attaching of three and more quantities of hydrogen, and are unique objects at storages and transportation of hydrogen. Thereby, necessity to develop of catalysts of hydro-dehyrogenation also follows under rather soft conditions. developed rhodium support catalyst for hydrogenation of benzene and defined the factor of efficiency using the internal surface of porosity systems. Presence of water in hydrogenated system leads to phasic course of restoration of benzene on a surface of the catalyst with formation cyclohexane and cyclohexene. The received experimental results expand a circle of data in the field of hydrodearomatization motor fuels, especially transformations of aromatic hydrocarbons cycloalkans

The article examines the physicomechanical properties of rubber designed for hydraulic seals, considering the influence of additives such as the organic part of oil sludge and zeolite. The conducted research showed that these characteristics align with the parameters defining the spatial structure of the studied vulcanizates. It was established that increasing the content of the organic part of oil sludge (3-6 parts by weight) and zeolite (10-20 parts by weight) positively impacts the elongation at break, which is attributed to the modification of the rubber's structure. The most optimal physicomechanical properties of rubber were obtained when introducing 6.0 parts by weight of the organic part of oil sludge and 20.0 parts by weight of zeolite per 100 parts by weight of rubber.Additionally, the influence of temperature-time vulcanization parameters on the structure of vulcanizateswas studied. It was found that changing these parameters allows for controlling the primary elasticstrength properties of rubber. The slight decrease in strength characteristics with an increase in the organic part of oil sludge is explained by the plasticizing effect of low-molecular compounds, which penetrate between the macromolecules of rubber, weakening intermolecular bonds, as well as active interaction between the elastomer and zeolites.The results of the study demonstrate the possibility of partially or fully replacing traditional plasticizers in rubber compounds with the organic part of oil sludge. Using zeolite as a filler not only improves rubber properties but also contributes to a more effective solution to ecological problems associated with the disposal of oil production and refining waste. Thus, the proposed approaches create a basis for environmentally safe and economically efficient waste utilization, relevant to enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan.