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Luciano Pinotti is a full professor in animal nutrition and feeding at the Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Italy. Pinotti's research is mainly focused on feed quality and safety/feed evaluation (with emphasis on mycotoxins and alternative feed ingredients such as former food/ex-food and insect meals). Starting from 2019, Pinotti has been the president of the Nutrition Commission of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP).
Exposure to mycotoxins is a worldwide concern as their occurrence is unavoidable and varies among geographical regions. Mycotoxins can affect the performance and quality of livestock production and act as carriers putting human health at risk. Feed can be contaminated by various fungal species, and mycotoxins co-occurrence, and modified and emerging mycotoxins are at the centre of modern mycotoxin research. Preventing mould and mycotoxin contamination is almost impossible; it is necessary for producers to implement a comprehensive mycotoxin management program to moderate these risks along the animal feed supply chain in an HACCP perspective. The objective of this paper is to suggest an innovative integrated system for handling mycotoxins in the feed chain, with an emphasis on novel strategies for mycotoxin control. Specific and selected technologies, such as nanotechnologies, and management protocols are reported as promising and sustainable options for implementing mycotoxins control, prevention, and management. Further research should be concentrated on methods to determine multi-contaminated samples, and emerging and modified mycotoxins.
Francesca Fumagalli; Matteo Ottoboni; Luciano Pinotti; Federica Cheli. Integrated Mycotoxin Management System in the Feed Supply Chain: Innovative Approaches. Toxins 2021, 13, 572 .
AMA StyleFrancesca Fumagalli, Matteo Ottoboni, Luciano Pinotti, Federica Cheli. Integrated Mycotoxin Management System in the Feed Supply Chain: Innovative Approaches. Toxins. 2021; 13 (8):572.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancesca Fumagalli; Matteo Ottoboni; Luciano Pinotti; Federica Cheli. 2021. "Integrated Mycotoxin Management System in the Feed Supply Chain: Innovative Approaches." Toxins 13, no. 8: 572.
Insects are able to convert organic material (i.e. waste and by products) into high-quality biomass, which can be processed into animal feed. Several studies have investigated the influence of growing substrates on the nutritional value of different insect species, particularly black soldier fly larvae and prepupae. This article reviews studies on how insects bioconvert different substrates, the effect of the substrate on the composition of insect meals, and on the development time (time needed to reach the harvesting state). All these studies indicate that insects convert low and high quality organic material (i.e. waste, by products, compound feeds) into high-quality insect biomass. The role and effects of selected nutrients, such as ether extract/fats, carbohydrates and fibre in the substrate, seem to be key factors in defining the features of the biomass as well as the time needed to reach the harvesting state.
L. Pinotti; M. Ottoboni. Substrate as insect feed for bio-mass production. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2021, 7, 585 -596.
AMA StyleL. Pinotti, M. Ottoboni. Substrate as insect feed for bio-mass production. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 2021; 7 (5):585-596.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Pinotti; M. Ottoboni. 2021. "Substrate as insect feed for bio-mass production." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7, no. 5: 585-596.
The poultry industry plays an important role in meat production/supply, with a growth rate of more than 4% p.a. in the last few years. This white meat production requires a large amount of feed that increases competition in the use of natural resources for primary food and other uses. Grains are the primary source of poultry nutrition and oilseeds are the most common protein source, with maize, wheat, and soybean being the most common ingredients in poultry diets. It is not clear to what extent natural resources are used to produce these feed crops and what the impact is of the resulting pressure on the availability of natural resources for other uses. The study evaluates and quantifies the local feed availability and the associated amount of local and non-local land and water resources required for the poultry production worldwide at a country and region scale as of 2016, including a detailed global feed trade analysis for the top poultry producer countries. Country-specific diets were used for the ten largest producer countries and two simplified diets for the global scale. The feed amounts were converted in land and water demand using crop-specific yields and a phisically based and spatially distributed hydrological model. The findings showed that 49 Mha of cereals (37 Mha local) and 64 Mha of soybean (25 Mha local) are needed to feed chickens globally, together with approximately 441 km3 of green water (197 km3 and 244 km3 for cereals and soybean, respectively) and 52 km3 of blue water (27 km3 and 25 km3, respectively) required by these feed crops in 2016. However, significant amounts of natural resources are saved through the international feed trade. The results obtained suggest the need for more sustainable approaches to address future projections in the sector.
Camilla Govoni; Davide Danilo Chiarelli; Alice Luciano; Matteo Ottoboni; Simge Nur Perpelek; Luciano Pinotti; Maria Cristina Rulli. Global assessment of natural resources for chicken production. Advances in Water Resources 2021, 154, 103987 .
AMA StyleCamilla Govoni, Davide Danilo Chiarelli, Alice Luciano, Matteo Ottoboni, Simge Nur Perpelek, Luciano Pinotti, Maria Cristina Rulli. Global assessment of natural resources for chicken production. Advances in Water Resources. 2021; 154 ():103987.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCamilla Govoni; Davide Danilo Chiarelli; Alice Luciano; Matteo Ottoboni; Simge Nur Perpelek; Luciano Pinotti; Maria Cristina Rulli. 2021. "Global assessment of natural resources for chicken production." Advances in Water Resources 154, no. : 103987.
Milk lipids are composed of milk fat globules (MFGs) surrounded by the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). MFGM protects MFGs from coalescence and enzymatic degradation. The milk lipid fraction is a “natural solvent” for macronutrients such as phospholipids, proteins and cholesterol, and micronutrients such as minerals and vitamins. The research focused largely on the polar lipids of MFGM, given their wide bioactive properties. In this review we discussed (i) the composition of MFGM proteome and its variations among species and phases of lactation and (ii) the micronutrient content of human and cow’s milk lipid fraction. The major MFGM proteins are shared among species, but the molecular function and protein expression of MFGM proteins vary among species and phases of lactation. The main minerals in the milk lipid fraction are iron, zinc, copper and calcium, whereas the major vitamins are vitamin A, β-carotene, riboflavin and α-tocopherol. The update and the combination of this knowledge could lead to the exploitation of the MFGM proteome and the milk lipid fraction at nutritional, biological or technological levels. An example is the design of innovative and value-added products, such as MFGM-supplemented infant formulas.
Michele Manoni; Donata Cattaneo; Sharon Mazzoleni; Carlotta Giromini; Antonella Baldi; Luciano Pinotti. Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteome and Micronutrients in the Milk Lipid Fraction: Insights into Milk Bioactive Compounds. Dairy 2021, 2, 202 -217.
AMA StyleMichele Manoni, Donata Cattaneo, Sharon Mazzoleni, Carlotta Giromini, Antonella Baldi, Luciano Pinotti. Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteome and Micronutrients in the Milk Lipid Fraction: Insights into Milk Bioactive Compounds. Dairy. 2021; 2 (2):202-217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Manoni; Donata Cattaneo; Sharon Mazzoleni; Carlotta Giromini; Antonella Baldi; Luciano Pinotti. 2021. "Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteome and Micronutrients in the Milk Lipid Fraction: Insights into Milk Bioactive Compounds." Dairy 2, no. 2: 202-217.
Concerning the increasing global demand for food and accumulation of huge amounts of biomass waste from the agro-food industry whose manipulation is usually inadequate, the potential of livestock to convert by-products as alternative feed ingredients into valuable proteins has been proposed as an outstanding option. Soybean molasses present a by-product of soybean protein concentrate production with low commercial cost but high nutritive and functional value. It is a rich source of soluble carbohydrates in the form of sugars and soybean phytochemicals. Therefore, this paper provides a review of published works about the production of soybean molasses, chemical composition, and nutritive value. In addition, the possibility of the application of soybean molasses in animal nutrition as a pelleting aid and functional feed ingredient is also discussed. Special attention is devoted to the influence of the inclusion of soybean molasses in the diets for ruminants, non-ruminants, and aquaculture on animal performance and health.
Sladjana Rakita; Vojislav Banjac; Olivera Djuragic; Federica Cheli; Luciano Pinotti. Soybean Molasses in Animal Nutrition. Animals 2021, 11, 514 .
AMA StyleSladjana Rakita, Vojislav Banjac, Olivera Djuragic, Federica Cheli, Luciano Pinotti. Soybean Molasses in Animal Nutrition. Animals. 2021; 11 (2):514.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSladjana Rakita; Vojislav Banjac; Olivera Djuragic; Federica Cheli; Luciano Pinotti. 2021. "Soybean Molasses in Animal Nutrition." Animals 11, no. 2: 514.
Magnesium (Mg) is a mineral that plays an essential role as cofactor of more than 300 enzymes. Mg in farm animals’ and human nutrition is recommended to avoid Mg deficiency, ensure adequate growth and health maintenance. Mg supplementation above the estimated minimum requirements is the best practice to improve farm animals’ performances (fertility and yield) and food products’ quality, since the performance of farm animals has grown in recent decades. Mg supplementation in pigs increases meat quality and sows’ fertility; in poultry, it helps to avoid deficiency-related health conditions and to improve meat quality and egg production by laying hens; in dairy cows, it serves to avoid grass tetany and milk fever, two conditions related to hypomagnesaemia, and to support their growth. Thus, Mg supplementation increases food products’ quality and prevents Mg deficiency in farm animals, ensuring an adequate Mg content in animal-source food. These latter are excellent Mg sources in human diets. Sub-optimal Mg intake by humans has several implications in bone development, muscle function, and health maintenance. This review summarizes the main knowledge about Mg in farm animals and in human nutrition.
Luciano Pinotti; Michele Manoni; Luca Ferrari; Marco Tretola; Roberta Cazzola; Ian Givens. The Contribution of Dietary Magnesium in Farm Animals and Human Nutrition. Nutrients 2021, 13, 509 .
AMA StyleLuciano Pinotti, Michele Manoni, Luca Ferrari, Marco Tretola, Roberta Cazzola, Ian Givens. The Contribution of Dietary Magnesium in Farm Animals and Human Nutrition. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (2):509.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuciano Pinotti; Michele Manoni; Luca Ferrari; Marco Tretola; Roberta Cazzola; Ian Givens. 2021. "The Contribution of Dietary Magnesium in Farm Animals and Human Nutrition." Nutrients 13, no. 2: 509.
Magnesium (Mg2+) deficiency is probably the most underestimated electrolyte imbalance in Western countries. It is frequent in obese patients, subjects with type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, both in adulthood and in childhood. This narrative review aims to offer insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms linking Mg2+ deficiency with obesity and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Literature highlights critical issues about the treatment of Mg2+ deficiency, such as the lack of a clear definition of Mg2+ nutritional status, the use of different Mg2+ salts and dosage and the different duration of the Mg2+ supplementation. Despite the lack of agreement, an appropriate dietary pattern, including the right intake of Mg2+, improves metabolic syndrome by reducing blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. This occurs through the modulation of gene expression and proteomic profile as well as through a positive influence on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the metabolism of vitamins B1 and D.
Gabriele Piuri; Monica Zocchi; Matteo Della Porta; Valentina Ficara; Michele Manoni; Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti; Luciano Pinotti; Jeanette A. Maier; Roberta Cazzola. Magnesium in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2021, 13, 320 .
AMA StyleGabriele Piuri, Monica Zocchi, Matteo Della Porta, Valentina Ficara, Michele Manoni, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Luciano Pinotti, Jeanette A. Maier, Roberta Cazzola. Magnesium in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (2):320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabriele Piuri; Monica Zocchi; Matteo Della Porta; Valentina Ficara; Michele Manoni; Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti; Luciano Pinotti; Jeanette A. Maier; Roberta Cazzola. 2021. "Magnesium in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes." Nutrients 13, no. 2: 320.
The application of Former Food Products (FFPs) as feed ingredients is already documented in swine, as well as their beneficial nutritional value. To date, FFPs extra-nutritional bioactive effect in feed has not been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (AOC) in six samples of FFPs extracted by different solvent systems. After methanol and acetone extraction, total phenolic content and AOC were determined in FFPs and wheat sample (CTR) using Folin–Ciocalteu and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid)-ABTS assay, respectively. Results demonstrated that FFPs samples were characterised by an average amount of total phenolic content of 129.3 ± 15.1 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/100g in methanol extracts and 156.4 ± 25.8 mg TAE/100g in acetone extracts. Whereas, the ABTS assay revealed that FFPs showed also anAOC of 138.0 ± 14.3 mg Trolox Equivalent (TE)/100 g in methanol extracts and 173.3 ± 18.8 mg TE/100 g in acetone extracts. Former Food Products represent relevant sources of phenols and antioxidant compounds, which can be beneficial for animal health.
Carlotta Giromini; Marco Tretola; Antonella Baldi; Matteo Ottoboni; Raffaella Rebucci; Michele Manoni; Chiara Di Lorenzo; Luciano Pinotti. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of former food products intended as alternative feed ingredients. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020, 19, 1387 -1392.
AMA StyleCarlotta Giromini, Marco Tretola, Antonella Baldi, Matteo Ottoboni, Raffaella Rebucci, Michele Manoni, Chiara Di Lorenzo, Luciano Pinotti. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of former food products intended as alternative feed ingredients. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2020; 19 (1):1387-1392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlotta Giromini; Marco Tretola; Antonella Baldi; Matteo Ottoboni; Raffaella Rebucci; Michele Manoni; Chiara Di Lorenzo; Luciano Pinotti. 2020. "Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of former food products intended as alternative feed ingredients." Italian Journal of Animal Science 19, no. 1: 1387-1392.
Magnesium is essential in plants where it is associated with chlorophyll pigments and serves as a cofactor of enzymes implicated in photosynthesis and metabolism. It is an essential nutrient for animals, involved in hundreds metabolic reaction and crucial for the biological activity of ATP. Not surprisingly, magnesium deficiency is detrimental for the health of plants and animals. In humans, subclinical magnesium deficiency is common and generates chronic inflammation, which is the common denominator of a wide range of mental and physical health problems from metabolic diseases to cognitive impairment, from osteopenia and sarcopenia to depression. It is ascertained that magnesium content in fruits and vegetables dropped in the last fifty years, and about 80% of this metal is lost during food processing. As a consequence, a large percentage of people all over the world does not meet the minimum daily magnesium requirement. In this scoping review, we summarize how agronomic and environmental factors, including global warming, affect magnesium content and availability in the soil and, consequently, in the food chain, with the aim of attracting the interest of botanists, agronomists, animal and human nutritionists and physicians to work on a strategy that grants adequate magnesium intake for everybody.
Roberta Cazzola; Matteo Della Porta; Michele Manoni; Stefano Iotti; Luciano Pinotti; Jeanette A. Maier. Going to the roots of reduced magnesium dietary intake: A tradeoff between climate changes and sources. Heliyon 2020, 6, 1 .
AMA StyleRoberta Cazzola, Matteo Della Porta, Michele Manoni, Stefano Iotti, Luciano Pinotti, Jeanette A. Maier. Going to the roots of reduced magnesium dietary intake: A tradeoff between climate changes and sources. Heliyon. 2020; 6 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberta Cazzola; Matteo Della Porta; Michele Manoni; Stefano Iotti; Luciano Pinotti; Jeanette A. Maier. 2020. "Going to the roots of reduced magnesium dietary intake: A tradeoff between climate changes and sources." Heliyon 6, no. 11: 1.
Giuliana Parisi; Francesca Tulli; Riccardo Fortina; Rosaria Marino; Paolo Bani; Antonella Dalle Zotte; Anna De Angelis; Giovanni Piccolo; Luciano Pinotti; Achille Schiavone; Genciana Terova; Aldo Prandini; Laura Gasco; Alessandra Roncarati; Pier Paolo Danieli. Protein hunger of the feed sector: the alternatives offered by the plant world. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020, 19, 1204 -1225.
AMA StyleGiuliana Parisi, Francesca Tulli, Riccardo Fortina, Rosaria Marino, Paolo Bani, Antonella Dalle Zotte, Anna De Angelis, Giovanni Piccolo, Luciano Pinotti, Achille Schiavone, Genciana Terova, Aldo Prandini, Laura Gasco, Alessandra Roncarati, Pier Paolo Danieli. Protein hunger of the feed sector: the alternatives offered by the plant world. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2020; 19 (1):1204-1225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuliana Parisi; Francesca Tulli; Riccardo Fortina; Rosaria Marino; Paolo Bani; Antonella Dalle Zotte; Anna De Angelis; Giovanni Piccolo; Luciano Pinotti; Achille Schiavone; Genciana Terova; Aldo Prandini; Laura Gasco; Alessandra Roncarati; Pier Paolo Danieli. 2020. "Protein hunger of the feed sector: the alternatives offered by the plant world." Italian Journal of Animal Science 19, no. 1: 1204-1225.
Milk is a lipid-in-water emulsion with a primary role in the nutrition of newborns. Milk fat globules (MFGs) are a mixture of proteins and lipids with nutraceutical properties related to the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), which protects them, thus preventing their coalescence. Human and bovine MFGM proteomes have been extensively characterized in terms of their formation, maturation, and composition. Here, we review the most recent comparative proteomic analyses of MFGM proteome, above all from humans and bovines, but also from other species. The major MFGM proteins are found in all the MFGM proteomes of the different species, although there are variations in protein expression levels and molecular functions across species and lactation stages. Given the similarities between the human and bovine MFGM and the bioactive properties of MFGM components, several attempts have been made to supplement infant formulas (IFs), mainly with polar lipid fractions of bovine MFGM and to a lesser extent with protein fractions. The aim is thus to narrow the gap between human breast milk and cow-based IFs. Despite the few attempts made to date, supplementation with MFGM proteins seems promising as MFGM lipid supplementation. A deeper understanding of MFGM proteomes should lead to better results.
Michele Manoni; Chiara Di Lorenzo; Matteo Ottoboni; Marco Tretola; Luciano Pinotti. Comparative Proteomics of Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) Proteome across Species and Lactation Stages and the Potentials of MFGM Fractions in Infant Formula Preparation. Foods 2020, 9, 1251 .
AMA StyleMichele Manoni, Chiara Di Lorenzo, Matteo Ottoboni, Marco Tretola, Luciano Pinotti. Comparative Proteomics of Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) Proteome across Species and Lactation Stages and the Potentials of MFGM Fractions in Infant Formula Preparation. Foods. 2020; 9 (9):1251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Manoni; Chiara Di Lorenzo; Matteo Ottoboni; Marco Tretola; Luciano Pinotti. 2020. "Comparative Proteomics of Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) Proteome across Species and Lactation Stages and the Potentials of MFGM Fractions in Infant Formula Preparation." Foods 9, no. 9: 1251.
Background Harmful botanical impurities may contaminate feed and feed materials and be a potential danger to animal or human health, or to the environment. The aim of this study was to establish rapid and sensitive methods that can be used in routine official controls to determine botanical impurities as Datura stramonium, Ricinus communis, Crotaliaria spp. and Ambrosia spp . in animal feed and raw materials. Claviceps sclerotia were also detected in cereals, due to the similarities of the targets and the analytical procedure. Regulation (EU) 625/2017, which replaces Reg. 2004/882/EC, states that European Union Member States should conduct official controls in assessed and accredited laboratories and that the analytical methods must be validated before use, by considering parameters such as specificity, precision, recovery and measurement uncertainly. Results and conclusion The results demonstrate that all of the tested methods are suitable for the official quantitative analyses required by EU official legislation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Daniela Marchis; Giuseppina Amato; Tiziana Giovannini; Amina Khadjavi; Sara Morello; Marilena Gili; Luciano Pinotti; Igor Ujčič Vrhovnik. Gravimetric quantitative validation of botanic impurities in feed. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2020, 101, 1047 -1052.
AMA StyleDaniela Marchis, Giuseppina Amato, Tiziana Giovannini, Amina Khadjavi, Sara Morello, Marilena Gili, Luciano Pinotti, Igor Ujčič Vrhovnik. Gravimetric quantitative validation of botanic impurities in feed. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2020; 101 (3):1047-1052.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniela Marchis; Giuseppina Amato; Tiziana Giovannini; Amina Khadjavi; Sara Morello; Marilena Gili; Luciano Pinotti; Igor Ujčič Vrhovnik. 2020. "Gravimetric quantitative validation of botanic impurities in feed." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 101, no. 3: 1047-1052.
The world’s population is growing rapidly, which means that the environmental impact of food production needs to be reduced and that food should be considered as something precious and not wasted. Moreover, an urgent challenge facing the planet is the competition between the food produced for humans and the feed for animals. There are various solutions such as the use of plant/vegetable by-products (PBPs) and former foodstuffs, which are the co/by-products of processing industries, or the food losses generated by the food production chain for human consumption. This paper reviews the by-co-products derived from the transformation of fresh-cut leafy salad crops. A preliminary nutritional evaluation of these materials is thus proposed. Based on their composition and nutritional features, in some cases similar to fresh forage and grasses, this biomass seems to be a suitable feedstuff for selected farm animals, such as ruminants. In conclusion, although the present data are not exhaustive and further studies are needed to weigh up the possible advantages and disadvantages of these materials, fresh-cut leafy salad crops represent a potential unconventional feed ingredient that could help in exploiting the circular economy in livestock production, thereby improving sustainability.
Luciano Pinotti; Michele Manoni; Francesca Fumagalli; Nicoletta Rovere; Alice Luciano; Matteo Ottoboni; Luca Ferrari; Federica Cheli; Olivera Djuragic. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle for Food Waste: A Second Life for Fresh-Cut Leafy Salad Crops in Animal Diets. Animals 2020, 10, 1082 .
AMA StyleLuciano Pinotti, Michele Manoni, Francesca Fumagalli, Nicoletta Rovere, Alice Luciano, Matteo Ottoboni, Luca Ferrari, Federica Cheli, Olivera Djuragic. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle for Food Waste: A Second Life for Fresh-Cut Leafy Salad Crops in Animal Diets. Animals. 2020; 10 (6):1082.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuciano Pinotti; Michele Manoni; Francesca Fumagalli; Nicoletta Rovere; Alice Luciano; Matteo Ottoboni; Luca Ferrari; Federica Cheli; Olivera Djuragic. 2020. "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle for Food Waste: A Second Life for Fresh-Cut Leafy Salad Crops in Animal Diets." Animals 10, no. 6: 1082.
From a circular economy perspective, feeding livestock with food leftovers or former foodstuff products (FFPs) could be an effective option aimed at exploiting food leftover resources and reducing food losses. FFPs are valuable energy sources, characterised by a beneficial starch/sugar content, and also fats. However, besides these nutritional aspects, safety is a key concern given that FFPs are generally derived from packaged food. Packaging materials, such as plastics and paper, are not accepted as a feed ingredient which means that residues should be rigorously avoided. A sensitive and objective detection method is thus essential for an accurate risk evaluation throughout the former food production chain. To this end, former food samples were collected in processing plants of two different European countries and subjected to multivariate analysis of red, green, and blue (RGB) microscopic images, in order to evaluate the possible application of this non-destructive technique for the rapid detection of residual particles from packaging materials. Multivariate Image Analysis (MIA) was performed on single images at the pixel level, which essentially consisted in an exploratory analysis of the image data by means of Principal Component Analysis, which highlighted the differences between packaging and foodstuff particles, based on their colour. The whole dataset of images was then analysed by means of a multivariate data dimensionality reduction method known as the colourgrams approach, which identified clusters of images sharing similar features and also highlighted outlier images due to the presence of packaging particles. The results obtained in this feasibility study demonstrated that MIA is a promising tool for a rapid automated method for detecting particles of packaging materials in FFPs.
Rosalba Calvini; Alice Luciano; Matteo Ottoboni; Alessandro Ulrici; Marco Tretola; Luciano Pinotti. Multivariate image analysis for the rapid detection of residues from packaging remnants in former foodstuff products (FFPs) – a feasibility study. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2020, 37, 1399 -1411.
AMA StyleRosalba Calvini, Alice Luciano, Matteo Ottoboni, Alessandro Ulrici, Marco Tretola, Luciano Pinotti. Multivariate image analysis for the rapid detection of residues from packaging remnants in former foodstuff products (FFPs) – a feasibility study. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. 2020; 37 (8):1399-1411.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosalba Calvini; Alice Luciano; Matteo Ottoboni; Alessandro Ulrici; Marco Tretola; Luciano Pinotti. 2020. "Multivariate image analysis for the rapid detection of residues from packaging remnants in former foodstuff products (FFPs) – a feasibility study." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 37, no. 8: 1399-1411.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading health problems worldwide. Elevated blood pressure remains the first and foremost modifiable risk factor for CVD and it is intimately associated with vascular function, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress conditions. The consumption of dairy proteins as part of the habitual diet may have beneficial impact on cardiometabolic health as well as in the prevention of cardiometabolic disease. This chapter reviews the main evidence on the impact of casein and whey proteins on human cardiovascular health. Evidence from long-term clinical studies assessing the effect of the chronic consumption of milk protein, although not conclusive, suggests they can reduce blood pressure and in some cases improve vascular function. During chronic milk protein consumption, dyslipidaemia also seems to be controlled. Short-term clinical studies mainly suggest benefits in vascular function and in lipid metabolism. However, comparison of the relative outcomes from these trials is difficult owing to variation in the form of measurement and inconsistent methods of assessing vascular function. More studies are needed including those examining the mechanisms underlying the action of milk proteins on the cardiometabolic health.
Carlotta Giromini; Ágnes A. Fekete; Luciano Pinotti; Antonella Baldi. Milk proteins: Their role in cardiovascular health. Milk and Dairy Foods 2020, 145 -172.
AMA StyleCarlotta Giromini, Ágnes A. Fekete, Luciano Pinotti, Antonella Baldi. Milk proteins: Their role in cardiovascular health. Milk and Dairy Foods. 2020; ():145-172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlotta Giromini; Ágnes A. Fekete; Luciano Pinotti; Antonella Baldi. 2020. "Milk proteins: Their role in cardiovascular health." Milk and Dairy Foods , no. : 145-172.
This paper reviews current knowledge on two feedstuffs, that is, insect meal and fish by-products, as alternatives to conventional animal protein sources. After an introductory part that highlights the need for sustainable development of animal production, the alternative protein sources are discussed. In particular, after providing some indications on their production and supply focussing on EU, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis was performed to identify the key factors that could help or impair the development of both protein sources production sectors. Finally, future perspectives are presented. The use of processed animal proteins derived from insects in farmed fish feeding is recognised by the EU legislation that authorises the use of proteins from seven insect species and the allowed substrates to rear insects. Insects have several advantages in nutritional value and the amino acid composition of their proteins generally meet animal requirements for good growth and health. The SWOT analysis indicated that insect meals can be considered as feed functional ingredients with beneficial properties that depend on the insect species, rearing system adopted, and the substrate used for their growth. Insects are expected to be increasingly used as a replacement for conventional animal-derived proteins, especially in aquafeeds. In the section regarding fishery and aquaculture by-products, the potential use of raw materials obtained during seafood processing is discussed. Peptides and amino acids recovered from as hydrolysed proteins can be used in animal feeds to partially substitute conventional protein feedstuffs thus providing nutrients, bioactive compounds and feed additives for animals. The SWOT analysis identified opportunities and weaknesses. Both the alternative protein sources are promising alternative feed ingredients for livestock production.
Laura Gasco; Gabriele Acuti; Paolo Bani; Antonella Dalle Zotte; Pier Paolo Danieli; Anna De Angelis; Riccardo Fortina; Rosaria Marino; Giuliana Parisi; Giovanni Piccolo; Luciano Pinotti; Aldo Prandini; Achille Schiavone; Genciana Terova; Francesca Tulli; Alessandra Roncarati. Insect and fish by-products as sustainable alternatives to conventional animal proteins in animal nutrition. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020, 19, 360 -372.
AMA StyleLaura Gasco, Gabriele Acuti, Paolo Bani, Antonella Dalle Zotte, Pier Paolo Danieli, Anna De Angelis, Riccardo Fortina, Rosaria Marino, Giuliana Parisi, Giovanni Piccolo, Luciano Pinotti, Aldo Prandini, Achille Schiavone, Genciana Terova, Francesca Tulli, Alessandra Roncarati. Insect and fish by-products as sustainable alternatives to conventional animal proteins in animal nutrition. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2020; 19 (1):360-372.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Gasco; Gabriele Acuti; Paolo Bani; Antonella Dalle Zotte; Pier Paolo Danieli; Anna De Angelis; Riccardo Fortina; Rosaria Marino; Giuliana Parisi; Giovanni Piccolo; Luciano Pinotti; Aldo Prandini; Achille Schiavone; Genciana Terova; Francesca Tulli; Alessandra Roncarati. 2020. "Insect and fish by-products as sustainable alternatives to conventional animal proteins in animal nutrition." Italian Journal of Animal Science 19, no. 1: 360-372.
Luciano Pinotti; Michele Manoni; Francesca Fumagalli; Nicoletta Rovere; Antonella Baldi; Marco Tretola. The role of micronutrients in high-yielding dairy ruminants: Choline and vitamin E. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 2020, 67, 209 -214.
AMA StyleLuciano Pinotti, Michele Manoni, Francesca Fumagalli, Nicoletta Rovere, Antonella Baldi, Marco Tretola. The role of micronutrients in high-yielding dairy ruminants: Choline and vitamin E. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020; 67 (2):209-214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuciano Pinotti; Michele Manoni; Francesca Fumagalli; Nicoletta Rovere; Antonella Baldi; Marco Tretola. 2020. "The role of micronutrients in high-yielding dairy ruminants: Choline and vitamin E." Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 67, no. 2: 209-214.
Former food products (FFPs) are foodstuffs that, even though they are nutritious and safe, have lost their value on the human consumption market for different reasons, such as production errors leading to broken or intermediate foodstuffs, surpluses caused by logistical challenges of daily delivery, or any other reason. The nutritional features of FFPs include carbohydrates, free sugars, and possibly also fats. FFPs tend to have been processed through various technological and heat treatments that impact the nutrients and the kinetics of digestion, as well as animal response and, particularly, gastro-intestinal health. This review integrates some of the most recently published works about the chemical composition, nutritional value, digestibility and glycaemic index of ex-foods. In addition, a view on the relationship between the use of FFPs and safety issues and their effects on pigs’ intestinal microbiota are also given.
Alice Luciano; Marco Tretola; Matteo Ottoboni; Antonella Baldi; Donata Cattaneo; Luciano Pinotti. Potentials and Challenges of Former Food Products (Food Leftover) as Alternative Feed Ingredients. Animals 2020, 10, 125 .
AMA StyleAlice Luciano, Marco Tretola, Matteo Ottoboni, Antonella Baldi, Donata Cattaneo, Luciano Pinotti. Potentials and Challenges of Former Food Products (Food Leftover) as Alternative Feed Ingredients. Animals. 2020; 10 (1):125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlice Luciano; Marco Tretola; Matteo Ottoboni; Antonella Baldi; Donata Cattaneo; Luciano Pinotti. 2020. "Potentials and Challenges of Former Food Products (Food Leftover) as Alternative Feed Ingredients." Animals 10, no. 1: 125.
N-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) seem to prevent endothelial dysfunction, a crucial step in atherogenesis, by modulating the levels of vasoactive molecules and by influencing Na,K-ATPase activity of vascular myocytes. The activity of endothelial Na,K-ATPase controls the ionic homeostasis of the neighboring cells, as well as cell function. However, controversy exists with respect to the vascular protective effect of EPA and DHA. We argue that this dispute might be due to the use of different concentrations of EPA and DHA in different studies. Therefore, this study was designed to define an optimal concentration of EPA and DHA to investigate endothelial function. For this purpose, human endothelial cells were exposed for 24 h to different concentrations of DHA or EPA (0–20 μM) to study membrane fluidity, peroxidation potential and Na,K-ATPase activity. EPA and DHA were linearly incorporated and this incorporation was mirrored by the linear increase of unsaturation index, membrane fluidity, and peroxidation potential. Na,K-ATPase activity peaked at 3.75 μM of EPA and DHA and then gradually decreased. It is noteworthy that DHA effects were always more pronounced than EPA. Concluding, low concentrations of EPA and DHA minimize peroxidation sensitivity and optimize Na,K-ATPase activity.
Roberta Cazzola; Matteo Della Porta; Sara Castiglioni; Luciano Pinotti; Jeanette A.M. Maier; Benvenuto Cestaro. Concentration-Dependent Effects of N-3 Long-Chain Fatty Acids on Na,K-ATPase Activity in Human Endothelial Cells. Molecules 2019, 25, 128 .
AMA StyleRoberta Cazzola, Matteo Della Porta, Sara Castiglioni, Luciano Pinotti, Jeanette A.M. Maier, Benvenuto Cestaro. Concentration-Dependent Effects of N-3 Long-Chain Fatty Acids on Na,K-ATPase Activity in Human Endothelial Cells. Molecules. 2019; 25 (1):128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberta Cazzola; Matteo Della Porta; Sara Castiglioni; Luciano Pinotti; Jeanette A.M. Maier; Benvenuto Cestaro. 2019. "Concentration-Dependent Effects of N-3 Long-Chain Fatty Acids on Na,K-ATPase Activity in Human Endothelial Cells." Molecules 25, no. 1: 128.
Over the past decades, several studies investigated the health-promoting functions of milk peptides. However, to date many hurdles still exist regarding the widespread use of milk-derived bioactive peptides, as they may be degraded during gastrointestinal digestion. Thus, the aim of our study was to in vitro digest intact whey protein isolate (WPI) and casein proteins (CNP), mimicking in vivo digestion, to investigate their bioactive effects and to identify the potential peptides involved. Whey protein isolate and CNP were digested using a pepsin-pancreatin protocol and ultra-filtered (3-kDa cutoff membrane). A permeate (3 kDa) were obtained. Soy protein was included as a control (CTR). Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE1-I) and antioxidant activity (AOX) were assessed and compared with those observed in undigested proteins and CTR. Furthermore, the permeate was characterized by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-nano ESI MS/MS) using a shotgun peptidomic approach, and retentate was further digested with trypsin and analyzed by MS using a shotgun proteomic approach to identify potentially bioactive peptides. Further, the effects of WPI, CNP, and CTR retentate on cell metabolic activity and on mucus production (MUC5AC and MUC2 gene expression) were assessed in intestinal goblet HT29-MTX-E12 cells. Results showed that WPI permeate induced a significant ACE1-I inhibitory effect [49.2 ± 0.64% (SEM)] compared with undigested WPI, CNP permeate, and retentate or CTR permeate (10.40 ± 1.07%). A significant increase in AOX (1.58 ± 0.04 and 1.61 ± 0.02 µmol of trolox AOX equivalents per mg of protein, respectively) upon digestion was found in WPI. Potentially bioactive peptides associated with ACE1-I and antihypertensive effects were identified in WPI permeate and CNP retentate. At specific concentrations, WPI, CNP, and CTR retentate were able to stimulate metabolic activity in HT29-MTX-E12 cells. Expression of MUC5AC was increased by CNP retentate and unaltered by WPI retentate; MUC2 expression was significantly increased by 0.33 mg/g of CNP and reduced by 1.33 mg/g of CNP. Our results confirm that milk proteins may be rich sources of bioactive compounds, with the greatest beneficial potential of CNP at the intestinal goblet cell level.
Carlotta Giromini; Julie A. Lovegrove; David I. Givens; Raffaella Rebucci; Luciano Pinotti; Elisa Maffioli; Gabriella Tedeschi; Tamil S. Sundaram; Antonella Baldi. In vitro-digested milk proteins: Evaluation of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities, peptidomic profile, and mucin gene expression in HT29-MTX cells. Journal of Dairy Science 2019, 102, 10760 -10771.
AMA StyleCarlotta Giromini, Julie A. Lovegrove, David I. Givens, Raffaella Rebucci, Luciano Pinotti, Elisa Maffioli, Gabriella Tedeschi, Tamil S. Sundaram, Antonella Baldi. In vitro-digested milk proteins: Evaluation of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities, peptidomic profile, and mucin gene expression in HT29-MTX cells. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019; 102 (12):10760-10771.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlotta Giromini; Julie A. Lovegrove; David I. Givens; Raffaella Rebucci; Luciano Pinotti; Elisa Maffioli; Gabriella Tedeschi; Tamil S. Sundaram; Antonella Baldi. 2019. "In vitro-digested milk proteins: Evaluation of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities, peptidomic profile, and mucin gene expression in HT29-MTX cells." Journal of Dairy Science 102, no. 12: 10760-10771.