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Prof. Luciana Rossi
Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milano, Italy

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0 Animal Nutrition
0 Alternatives to antimicrobials
0 Innovative additives
0 Plant-based edible vaccines
0 Medical molecular farming

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Journal article
Published: 17 August 2021 in Animals
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Pig livestock was influenced by several global concerns that imposed a re-thinking of the farming system, which included the reduction in chemical dependency and the development of antimicrobial alternatives. Post-weaning diarrhea and enterotoxaemia caused by Escherichia coli, are serious threats that are responsible for the economic losses related to mortality, morbidity and stunted growth in weaning piglets. The aim of the study was to set up experimental conditions to simulate the simultaneous outbreak of post-weaning diarrhea and enterotoxaemia in weaned piglets, through verocytotoxic O138 Escherichia coli challenge, with a multidisciplinary approach. Eighteen piglets susceptible to F18 VTEC infection were selected by polymerase chain reaction for polymorphism on the fucosyltransferase 1 gene and randomly divided in two experimental groups, non-infected controls (C; n = 6) and infected ones (I; n = 12) and housed into individual pens at the same environmental conditions for 29 days. At day 20, I pigs were orally inoculated with Escherichia coli O138 and fed a high protein ration for 3 days. Zootechnical, clinical, microbiological, histological and immunological parameters were evaluated along the follow up (3 and 9 days). Experimental infection, confirmed by bacteria faecal shedding of the I group, significantly affected the clinical status. The I group showed significantly higher total scores, corresponding to medians of the sum of daily scores from days 1 to 3 (Σ3) and 1 to 9 (Σ9) post infection, epiphora, vitality, hair irregularity, oedema and depression. Histological examination showed evident inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, and follicular hyperplasia in I pigs; in the same group, the immunohistochemical and immunological assays revealed an increase in IgG in the intestinal crypts and CD3-positive T cells in intestinal epithelium. The experimental Escherichia coli infection in controlled conditions is crucial for both the evaluation of innovative compounds and the elucidation of the mechanisms associated with the persistence of antibacterial resistant strains. In conclusion, the adopted infection model, carried out on receptor-mediated susceptible piglets, allowed us to identify a discriminative panel of clinical symptoms related to Escherichia coli O138 infection, and could be used to assess the protective effect of antibiotic alternatives.

ACS Style

Luciana Rossi; Lauretta Turin; Giovanni Loris Alborali; Eugenio Demartini; Joel Fernando Soares Filipe; Federica Riva; Pietro Riccaboni; Eugenio Scanziani; Paolo Trevisi; Paola Dall’Ara; Matteo Dell’Anno; Antonella Baldi. Translational Approach to Induce and Evaluate Verocytotoxic E. coli O138 Based Disease in Piglets. Animals 2021, 11, 2415 .

AMA Style

Luciana Rossi, Lauretta Turin, Giovanni Loris Alborali, Eugenio Demartini, Joel Fernando Soares Filipe, Federica Riva, Pietro Riccaboni, Eugenio Scanziani, Paolo Trevisi, Paola Dall’Ara, Matteo Dell’Anno, Antonella Baldi. Translational Approach to Induce and Evaluate Verocytotoxic E. coli O138 Based Disease in Piglets. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2415.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luciana Rossi; Lauretta Turin; Giovanni Loris Alborali; Eugenio Demartini; Joel Fernando Soares Filipe; Federica Riva; Pietro Riccaboni; Eugenio Scanziani; Paolo Trevisi; Paola Dall’Ara; Matteo Dell’Anno; Antonella Baldi. 2021. "Translational Approach to Induce and Evaluate Verocytotoxic E. coli O138 Based Disease in Piglets." Animals 11, no. 8: 2415.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2021 in Animals
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The effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with a slow-release urea source (SRU) on production performance, feed efficiency, digestibility, and environmental sustainability of dairy cows were evaluated. A total of 140 lactating Holstein Frisian cows were allocated into two study groups: (i) control (diet entirely based on SBM), and (ii) treatment (diet of 0.22% on dry matter basis (d.m.)) of SRU. Milk yield, dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion rate (FCR), body condition score (BCS), reproductive parameters, and milk quality were evaluated. The chemical composition of the feeds and feces were analyzed to calculate the in vivo digestibility of the two diets. The carbon footprint (CFP) and predicted methane (CH4) emissions were evaluated. The inclusion of SRU significantly increases milk yield, DMI, and FCR (p< 0.0001), whereas milk quality, BCS, and reproductive indicators were not affected (p > 0.05). In the treatment group, the digestibility of crude protein (CP) (p = 0.012), NDF (p = 0.039), and cellulose (p = 0.033) was significantly higher, while the other nutritional parameters weren’t affected. All the environmental parameters were significantly improved in the treatment group (p< 0.0001). Replacing SBM with SRU can be a strategy to enhance dairy cows’ sustainability due to improved production efficiency, reduced feed CFP, and predicted CH4 production.

ACS Style

Silvia Grossi; Riccardo Compiani; Luciana Rossi; Matteo Dell’Anno; Israel Castillo; Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi. Effect of Slow-Release Urea Administration on Production Performance, Health Status, Diet Digestibility, and Environmental Sustainability in Lactating Dairy Cows. Animals 2021, 11, 2405 .

AMA Style

Silvia Grossi, Riccardo Compiani, Luciana Rossi, Matteo Dell’Anno, Israel Castillo, Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi. Effect of Slow-Release Urea Administration on Production Performance, Health Status, Diet Digestibility, and Environmental Sustainability in Lactating Dairy Cows. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvia Grossi; Riccardo Compiani; Luciana Rossi; Matteo Dell’Anno; Israel Castillo; Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi. 2021. "Effect of Slow-Release Urea Administration on Production Performance, Health Status, Diet Digestibility, and Environmental Sustainability in Lactating Dairy Cows." Animals 11, no. 8: 2405.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2021 in Animals
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The effects of heated drinking water on growth performance and rumen functionality in fattening beef cattle during winter were evaluated. Newly received Charolaise bulls (n = 224) were allocated to two experimental groups: (i) water at room temperature (RTW) (weight 408 ± 34 kg); (ii) constantly heated water (25 °C) (HW) (weight 405 ± 38 kg). Growth performances, feed intake, feed conversion rate, water intake and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Internal reticuloruminal wireless boluses were used to collect rumen pH and temperature values every 10 min. Bodyweight was not affected by the water temperature, but the overall average daily gain (ADG) was significantly higher in the HW group (1.486 vs. 1.438 kg/head/day in the RTW; p = 0.047). Dry matter intake was significantly higher in the HW group (p = 0.001), even though the final feed conversion rate (FCR) was not influenced. There was also a tendency for better cold carcass weight (CCW) and carcass yield (CY) in the HW group. Drinking heated water reduced the time (min/day) during which the ruminal pH was below pH 5.8 or 5.5, and the time during which the temperature was lower than 37 or 39 °C (p< 0.001). The use of heated drinking water is a plausible a strategy for enhancing ruminal stability and the overall production efficiency in fattening beef cattle, which will lead to both better growth performance and higher ruminal stability.

ACS Style

Silvia Grossi; Luciana Rossi; Matteo Dell’Anno; Stefano Biffani; Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi. Effects of Heated Drinking Water on the Growth Performance and Rumen Functionality of Fattening Charolaise Beef Cattle in Winter. Animals 2021, 11, 2218 .

AMA Style

Silvia Grossi, Luciana Rossi, Matteo Dell’Anno, Stefano Biffani, Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi. Effects of Heated Drinking Water on the Growth Performance and Rumen Functionality of Fattening Charolaise Beef Cattle in Winter. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvia Grossi; Luciana Rossi; Matteo Dell’Anno; Stefano Biffani; Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi. 2021. "Effects of Heated Drinking Water on the Growth Performance and Rumen Functionality of Fattening Charolaise Beef Cattle in Winter." Animals 11, no. 8: 2218.

Journal article
Published: 26 July 2021 in Microorganisms
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Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains, previously isolated from weaned piglets, were considered for the evaluation of their adhesive characteristics. Lactobacilli were treated with LiCl in order to remove the surface protein layer, and probiotic activity was compared with those of untreated strains. The autoaggregation, co-aggregation to E. coli F18+, and adhesive abilities of LiCl-treated Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were significantly inhibited (p< 0.05) compared with the respective untreated strain. The hydrophobic and basic phenotypes were observed due to the strong affinity to chloroform and low adherence to ethyl acetate. In particular, L. plantarum showed higher hydrophobicity compared to L. reuteri, which may reflect their different colonizing ability. After treatment with LiCl to remove surface proteins, the adherence capabilities of L. reuteri and L. casei on IPEC-J2 cells decreased significantly (p< 0.001) and L. reuteri adhered more frequently. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that both L. reuteri and L. plantarum had several bands ranging from 20 to 100 kDa. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed an acidic profile of the surface-layer polypeptides for both bacterial strains, and more studies are needed to characterize their profile and functions. The results confirm the pivotal role of surface proteins in the probiotic potential of L. reuteri and L. plantarum.

ACS Style

Matteo Dell’Anno; Carlotta Giromini; Serena Reggi; Mariagrazia Cavalleri; Alessandra Moscatelli; Elisabetta Onelli; Raffaella Rebucci; Tamil Sundaram; Simona Coranelli; Ambra Spalletta; Antonella Baldi; Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of Adhesive Characteristics of L. plantarum and L. reuteri Isolated from Weaned Piglets. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1587 .

AMA Style

Matteo Dell’Anno, Carlotta Giromini, Serena Reggi, Mariagrazia Cavalleri, Alessandra Moscatelli, Elisabetta Onelli, Raffaella Rebucci, Tamil Sundaram, Simona Coranelli, Ambra Spalletta, Antonella Baldi, Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of Adhesive Characteristics of L. plantarum and L. reuteri Isolated from Weaned Piglets. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (8):1587.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Dell’Anno; Carlotta Giromini; Serena Reggi; Mariagrazia Cavalleri; Alessandra Moscatelli; Elisabetta Onelli; Raffaella Rebucci; Tamil Sundaram; Simona Coranelli; Ambra Spalletta; Antonella Baldi; Luciana Rossi. 2021. "Evaluation of Adhesive Characteristics of L. plantarum and L. reuteri Isolated from Weaned Piglets." Microorganisms 9, no. 8: 1587.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Supplemental dietary amino acids (AAs) need to be provided in a form that prevents their degradation along the gastrointestinal tract to guarantee their high bioavailability and bioactivity. In this study, methionine (Met) protected via organo-clay intercalation (natural carriers) has been developed as a sustainable alternative to polymeric coating. Specifically, two different bentonite-zeolite-based mineral clays were tested, Adsorbene (ADS) and BioKi (BIO). Briefly, 1 g of the carrier (ADS or BIO) was contacted with 50 mL of an aqueous solution at a pH of 3.0, 5.8, and 8.9. Solid-liquid separation was conducted. The released Met in the liquid phase was analysed by Chemical Oxygen Demand, while residual Met in the solid phase was analysed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The effect of Met-ADS complex on cell viability was tested on IPEC-J2 cells incubated 3 h with Met-ADS 2.5 mM. Jejunum segments obtained by entire male pigs (Swiss Large White, body weight 100 ± 5 kg) were used as ex vivo models to compare the absorption of 2.5 mM Met released by ADS with 2.5 mM free Met and its influence on epithelial integrity in perfusion Ussing chambers. The carriers released a very low amount of Met and Met-BIO interaction was stronger than Met-ADS. The maximum release of Met was at pH 3, with 3% and 6% of Met release from Met-BIO and Met-ADS, respectively. Cell viability experiments revealed that Met-ADS did not alter cell metabolic activity. No differences in Met absorption and intestinal epithelial integrity were observed ex vivo between free Met and Met-ADS. This study provided new insights into the release of Met from natural clays such as ADS and BIO, the safety of its use in the porcine intestine and the ability of ADS-released Met to absorb to the same extent as the free Met in porcine jejunum.

ACS Style

Carlotta Giromini; Marco Tretola; Cinzia Cristiani; Elisabetta Finocchio; Paolo Silacci; Sara Panseri; Matteo Dell’Anno; Antonella Baldi; Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of the Absorption of Methionine Carried by Mineral Clays and Zeolites in Porcine Ex Vivo Permeability Models. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6384 .

AMA Style

Carlotta Giromini, Marco Tretola, Cinzia Cristiani, Elisabetta Finocchio, Paolo Silacci, Sara Panseri, Matteo Dell’Anno, Antonella Baldi, Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of the Absorption of Methionine Carried by Mineral Clays and Zeolites in Porcine Ex Vivo Permeability Models. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (14):6384.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlotta Giromini; Marco Tretola; Cinzia Cristiani; Elisabetta Finocchio; Paolo Silacci; Sara Panseri; Matteo Dell’Anno; Antonella Baldi; Luciana Rossi. 2021. "Evaluation of the Absorption of Methionine Carried by Mineral Clays and Zeolites in Porcine Ex Vivo Permeability Models." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14: 6384.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2021 in Antioxidants
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The objectives of the study were to test the biological activities of peppermint and spearmint oils via (i) measuring in vitro anti-inflammatory effects with porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), (ii) determining the barrier integrity of IPEC-J2 by analyzing transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), (iii) testing their antioxidant activities, and (iv) investigating the antimicrobial activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18+. Briefly, (i) macrophages were seeded at 106 cells/mL and treated (24 h) with mint oils and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The treatments were 2 (0 or 1 μg/mL of LPS) × 5 (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 µg/mL of mint oils). The supernatants were collected for TNF-α and IL-1β measurement by ELISA; (ii) IPEC-J2 cells were seeded at 5 × 105 cells/mL and treated with mint oils (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL). TEER (Ωcm2) was measured at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h; (iii) the antioxidant activity was assessed (0, 1, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 600 mg/mL) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing power assays; (iv) overnight-grown ETEC F18+ were quantified (CFU/mL) after supplementing with peppermint and spearmint oils (0, 1.44, 2.87, 5.75, 11.50, and 23.00 mg/mL). All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure. Both mint oils significantly inhibited (p< 0.05) IL-1β and TNF-α secretion from LPS-stimulated PAMs. Mint oil treatments did not affect TEER in IPEC-J2. Spearmint and peppermint oils exhibited (p< 0.05) strong antioxidant activities in DPPH and reducing power assays. Both mint oils also dose-dependently inhibited (p< 0.05) the growth of ETEC F18+ in vitro. The results of the study indicated that both mint oils are great candidate feed additives due to their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy in vivo.

ACS Style

Monika Hejna; Lauren Kovanda; Luciana Rossi; Yanhong Liu. Mint Oils: In Vitro Ability to Perform Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities and to Enhance Intestinal Barrier Integrity. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1004 .

AMA Style

Monika Hejna, Lauren Kovanda, Luciana Rossi, Yanhong Liu. Mint Oils: In Vitro Ability to Perform Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities and to Enhance Intestinal Barrier Integrity. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (7):1004.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monika Hejna; Lauren Kovanda; Luciana Rossi; Yanhong Liu. 2021. "Mint Oils: In Vitro Ability to Perform Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities and to Enhance Intestinal Barrier Integrity." Antioxidants 10, no. 7: 1004.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2021 in Applied Sciences
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This study has the main purpose of testing natural carriers as more sustainable alternatives to polymeric coating. New clay-based hybrid organic–inorganic materials have been prepared. An innovative procedure for the intercalation of the bioactive molecule is proposed. The synthesis process implies the use of mild operating conditions and does not require the use of organic reactants or solvents. Moreover, the use of natural carriers, and milder environmentally friendly process conditions, fulfill the requirement of a mostly safe, greener production. The capture and the release properties of the final material mainly depend on the carrier morphology. Large zeolite content in the mineral clays can favor the capture of very large methionine loadings, but due to the trapping mechanism, typical of these structures, zeolites prevent a satisfactory release in mild condition and physiological condition. The Freundlich adsorption model has been found to be able to predict the capture behavior. Once the proper carrier is selected, the preparation procedure guarantees the protection of the amino acid in the right form. Neither the structure of the inorganic matrix nor the amino acid structure was changed in the preparation process. Methionine was detected in its zwitterionic form, showing the main IR bands only slightly affected by the interaction. Further studies on methionine bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption from methionine–Adsorbene (MET–ADS) are required to optimize the application of natural clay in in-field animal nutrition.

ACS Style

Cinzia Cristiani; Elisabetta Finocchio; Luciana Rossi; Carlotta Giromini; Matteo Dell’Anno; Sara Panseri; Maurizio Bellotto. Natural Clays as Potential Amino Acids Carriers for Animal Nutrition Application. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5669 .

AMA Style

Cinzia Cristiani, Elisabetta Finocchio, Luciana Rossi, Carlotta Giromini, Matteo Dell’Anno, Sara Panseri, Maurizio Bellotto. Natural Clays as Potential Amino Acids Carriers for Animal Nutrition Application. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (12):5669.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cinzia Cristiani; Elisabetta Finocchio; Luciana Rossi; Carlotta Giromini; Matteo Dell’Anno; Sara Panseri; Maurizio Bellotto. 2021. "Natural Clays as Potential Amino Acids Carriers for Animal Nutrition Application." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12: 5669.

Journal article
Published: 12 June 2021 in Animals
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The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri and their combination were assessed in weaned piglets. Three hundred and fifty weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White), balanced in terms of weight and sex, were randomly allotted to four experimental groups (25 pens, 14 piglets/pen). Piglets were fed a basal control diet (CTRL, six pens) and a treatment diet supplemented with 2 × 108 CFU/g of L. plantarum (PLA, 6 pens), 2 × 108 CFU/g L. reuteri (REU, six pens) and the combination of both bacterial strains (1 × 108 CFU/g of L. plantarum combined with 1 × 108 CFU/g of L. reuteri, P+R, 7 pens) for 28 days. Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Diarrhoea occurrence was assessed weekly by the faecal score (0–3; considering diarrhoea ≥ 2). At 0 and 28 days, faecal samples were obtained from four piglets per pen for microbiological analyses and serum samples were collected from two piglets per pen for serum metabolic profiling. Treatments significantly reduced diarrhoea occurrence and decreased the average faecal score (0.94 ± 0.08 CTRL, 0.31 ± 0.08 PLA, 0.45 ± 0.08 REU, 0.27 ± 0.08 P+R; p< 0.05). The PLA group registered the lowest number of diarrhoea cases compared to other groups (20 cases CTRL, 5 cases PLA, 8 cases REU, 10 cases P+R; p< 0.01). After 28 days, the globulin serum level increased in PLA compared to the other groups (24.91 ± 1.09 g/L CTRL, 28.89 ± 1.03 g/L PLA, 25.91 ± 1.03 g/L REU, 25.31 ± 1.03 g/L P+R; p< 0.05). L. plantarum and L. reuteri could thus be considered as interesting functional additives to prevent diarrhoea occurrence in weaned piglets.

ACS Style

Matteo Dell’Anno; Maria Callegari; Serena Reggi; Valentina Caprarulo; Carlotta Giromini; Ambra Spalletta; Simona Coranelli; Carlo Sgoifo Rossi; Luciana Rossi. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri as Functional Feed Additives to Prevent Diarrhoea in Weaned Piglets. Animals 2021, 11, 1766 .

AMA Style

Matteo Dell’Anno, Maria Callegari, Serena Reggi, Valentina Caprarulo, Carlotta Giromini, Ambra Spalletta, Simona Coranelli, Carlo Sgoifo Rossi, Luciana Rossi. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri as Functional Feed Additives to Prevent Diarrhoea in Weaned Piglets. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1766.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Dell’Anno; Maria Callegari; Serena Reggi; Valentina Caprarulo; Carlotta Giromini; Ambra Spalletta; Simona Coranelli; Carlo Sgoifo Rossi; Luciana Rossi. 2021. "Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri as Functional Feed Additives to Prevent Diarrhoea in Weaned Piglets." Animals 11, no. 6: 1766.

Journal article
Published: 06 June 2021 in Animals
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The effects of the dietary administration of a combination of Quebracho and Chestnut tannins, leonardite and tributyrin were evaluated in weaned piglets. A total of 168 weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White) were randomly allotted to two experimental groups (6 pens/group, 14 piglets/pen). Animals were fed a basal control diet (CTRL) and a treatment diet (MIX) supplemented with 0.75% tannin extracts, 0.25% leonardite and 0.20% tributyrin for 28 days. Individual body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Diarrhoea incidence was recorded by a faecal scoring scale (0–3; considering diarrhoea ≥ 2). At 0 and 28 days, faecal samples were obtained from four piglets/pen for microbiological and chemical analyses of faecal microbiota, which were then assessed by V3-V4 region amplification sequencing. At 28 days, blood from two piglets/pen was sampled to evaluate the serum metabolic profile. After 28 days, a reduction in diarrhoea incidence was observed in the MIX compared to CTRL group (p< 0.05). In addition, compared to CTRL, MIX showed a higher lactobacilli:coliform ratio and increased Prevotella and Fibrobacter genera presence (p< 0.01). The serum metabolic profile showed a decreased level of low-density lipoproteins in the treated group (p< 0.05). In conclusion, a combination of tannin extract, leonardite and tributyrin could decrease diarrhoea incidence and modulate the gut microbiota.

ACS Style

Matteo Dell’Anno; Serena Reggi; Valentina Caprarulo; Monika Hejna; Carlo Sgoifo Rossi; Maria Callegari; Antonella Baldi; Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of Tannin Extracts, Leonardite and Tributyrin Supplementation on Diarrhoea Incidence and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets. Animals 2021, 11, 1693 .

AMA Style

Matteo Dell’Anno, Serena Reggi, Valentina Caprarulo, Monika Hejna, Carlo Sgoifo Rossi, Maria Callegari, Antonella Baldi, Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of Tannin Extracts, Leonardite and Tributyrin Supplementation on Diarrhoea Incidence and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1693.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Dell’Anno; Serena Reggi; Valentina Caprarulo; Monika Hejna; Carlo Sgoifo Rossi; Maria Callegari; Antonella Baldi; Luciana Rossi. 2021. "Evaluation of Tannin Extracts, Leonardite and Tributyrin Supplementation on Diarrhoea Incidence and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets." Animals 11, no. 6: 1693.

Research article
Published: 29 April 2021 in PLOS ONE
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Weaning is a critical period for piglets, in which unbalanced gut microbiota and/or pathogen colonisation can contribute to diseases that interfere with animal performance. Tannins are natural compounds that could be used as functional ingredients to improve gut health in pig farming thanks to their antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiarrhoeal properties. In this study, a mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins (1.25%) was evaluated for its efficacy in reducing the negative weaning effects on piglet growth. Microbiota composition was assessed by Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from stools at the end of the trial. Sequence analysis revealed an increase in the genera Shuttleworthia, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Peptococcus, Anaerostipes, and Solobacterium in the tannin-supplemented group. Conversely, this dietary intervention reduced the abundance of the genera Syntrophococcus, Atopobium, Mitsuokella, Sharpea, and Prevotella. The populations of butyrate-producing bacteria were modulated by tannin, and higher butyrate concentrations in stools were detected in the tannin-fed pigs. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the families Veillonellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Coriobacteriaceae occupied the central part of the network in both the control and the tannin-fed animals. Instead, in the tannin group, the OTUs belonging to the families Acidaminococcaceae, Alcaligenaceae, and Spirochaetaceae characterised its network, whereas Family XIII Incertae Sedis occupied a more central position than in the control group. Conversely, the presence of Desulfovibrionaceae characterised the network of the control group, and this family was not present in the network of the tannin group. Moreover, the prediction of metabolic pathways revealed that the gut microbiome of the tannin group possessed an enhanced potential for carbohydrate transport and metabolism, as well as a lower abundance of pathways related to cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis and inorganic ion transport. In conclusion, the tested tannins seem to modulate the gut microbiota, favouring groups of butyrate-producing bacteria.

ACS Style

Francesco Miragoli; Vania Patrone; Aldo Prandini; Samantha Sigolo; Matteo Dell’Anno; Luciana Rossi; Mario Barbato; Alice Senizza; Lorenzo Morelli; Maria Luisa Callegari. A mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins drives butyrate-producing bacteria populations shift in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0250874 .

AMA Style

Francesco Miragoli, Vania Patrone, Aldo Prandini, Samantha Sigolo, Matteo Dell’Anno, Luciana Rossi, Mario Barbato, Alice Senizza, Lorenzo Morelli, Maria Luisa Callegari. A mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins drives butyrate-producing bacteria populations shift in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (4):e0250874.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Miragoli; Vania Patrone; Aldo Prandini; Samantha Sigolo; Matteo Dell’Anno; Luciana Rossi; Mario Barbato; Alice Senizza; Lorenzo Morelli; Maria Luisa Callegari. 2021. "A mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins drives butyrate-producing bacteria populations shift in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4: e0250874.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2021 in Antioxidants
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The aim of the study was to compare the effects of sodium selenite (SS), selenium yeast (SY), and hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-SeMet) on the meat quality and selenium (Se) deposition of finishing beef cattle. Sixty-three bulls were distributed over 3 treatments and fed SS, SY, or OH-SeMet at 0.2 mg kg−1 dry matter (DM) for 60 d. None of the Se sources affected the growth performance or carcass characteristics. OH-SeMet showed a higher Se transfer to the meat than SS or SY (p < 0.01). SY and OH-SeMet reduced the shear force of the meat (p < 0.0001), improved pH (p < 0.001), and reduced the drip losses (p < 0.001) and the lipid oxidation of the meat (p < 0.001). During 8 d of storage, OH-SeMet showed higher levels of meat lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) than SS (p < 0.001), while the SY meat showed a higher L* than SS, albeit only on d 6. OH-SeMet improved b*, compared to SS, and also compared to SY on days 4, 7, and 8 (p < 0.001). Supplementing beef with SY and OH-SeMet improved several meat quality parameters. OH-SeMet appears to be the most effective strategy to improve the Se content and color stability of beef cattle meat.

ACS Style

Silvia Grossi; Luciana Rossi; Michele De Marco; Carlo Sgoifo Rossi. The Effect of Different Sources of Selenium Supplementation on the Meat Quality Traits of Young Charolaise Bulls during the Finishing Phase. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 596 .

AMA Style

Silvia Grossi, Luciana Rossi, Michele De Marco, Carlo Sgoifo Rossi. The Effect of Different Sources of Selenium Supplementation on the Meat Quality Traits of Young Charolaise Bulls during the Finishing Phase. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (4):596.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvia Grossi; Luciana Rossi; Michele De Marco; Carlo Sgoifo Rossi. 2021. "The Effect of Different Sources of Selenium Supplementation on the Meat Quality Traits of Young Charolaise Bulls during the Finishing Phase." Antioxidants 10, no. 4: 596.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2021 in Microorganisms
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Alternatives to antibiotic treatments are required owing to the ban on the use of these drugs as growth promoters in food animal production. Tributyrin appears to play a role in improving growth performance in pigs, albeit with varying degrees of effectiveness. So far, very little is known about its effects on gut microbiota composition. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiota changes of piglets receiving, at weaning, 0.2% tributyrin added to their basal diet. Microbiota composition was assessed through 16S-rRNA gene sequencing on stools collected from tributyrin and control groups. The functional profiles of microbial communities were predicted from amplicon abundance data. A comparison between dietary groups revealed that tributyrin strongly modulated gut microbiota composition in piglets, increasing the relative abundance of a number of bacterial genera such as Oscillospira, Oscillibacter, Mucispirillum and Butyrivibrio. These genera were positively correlated to animal average daily gain (ADG) and/or body weight (BW). Based on the function profile prediction, the gut microbiome of the tributyrin group possessed an enhanced potential for energy metabolism and a reduced potential for carbohydrate metabolism. In conclusion, our results indicated that tributyrin can promote changes to gut microbial communities, which could contribute to improving animal performance after weaning.

ACS Style

Francesco Miragoli; Vania Patrone; Aldo Prandini; Samantha Sigolo; Matteo Dell’Anno; Luciana Rossi; Alice Senizza; Lorenzo Morelli; Maria Callegari. Implications of Tributyrin on Gut Microbiota Shifts Related to Performances of Weaning Piglets. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 584 .

AMA Style

Francesco Miragoli, Vania Patrone, Aldo Prandini, Samantha Sigolo, Matteo Dell’Anno, Luciana Rossi, Alice Senizza, Lorenzo Morelli, Maria Callegari. Implications of Tributyrin on Gut Microbiota Shifts Related to Performances of Weaning Piglets. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (3):584.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesco Miragoli; Vania Patrone; Aldo Prandini; Samantha Sigolo; Matteo Dell’Anno; Luciana Rossi; Alice Senizza; Lorenzo Morelli; Maria Callegari. 2021. "Implications of Tributyrin on Gut Microbiota Shifts Related to Performances of Weaning Piglets." Microorganisms 9, no. 3: 584.

Review
Published: 24 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Sustainable agriculture is aimed at long-term crop and livestock production with a minimal impact on the environment. However, agricultural practices from animal production can contribute to global pollution due to heavy metals from the feed additives that are used to ensure the nutritional requirements and also promote animal health and optimize production. The bioavailability of essential mineral sources is limited; thus, the metals are widely found in the manure. Via the manure, metallic ions can contaminate livestock wastewater, drastically reducing its potential recycling for irrigation. Phytoremediation, which is an efficient and cost-effective cleanup technique, could be implemented to reduce the wastewater pollution from livestock production, in order to maintain the water conservation. Plants use various strategies for the absorption and translocation of heavy metals, and they have been widely used to remediate livestock wastewater. In addition, the pollutants concentrated in the plants can be exhausted and used as heat to enhance plant growth and further concentrate the metals, making recycling a possible option. The biomass of the plants can also be used for biogas production in anaerobic fermentation. Combining phytoremediation and biorefinery processes would add value to both approaches and facilitate metal recovery. This review focuses on the concept of agro-ecology, specifically the excessive use of heavy metals in animal production, the various techniques and adaptations of the heavy-metal phytoremediation from livestock wastewater, and further applications of exhausted phytoremediated biomass.

ACS Style

Monika Hejna; Elisabetta Onelli; Alessandra Moscatelli; Maurizio Bellotto; Cinzia Cristiani; Nadia Stroppa; Luciana Rossi. Heavy-Metal Phytoremediation from Livestock Wastewater and Exploitation of Exhausted Biomass. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2239 .

AMA Style

Monika Hejna, Elisabetta Onelli, Alessandra Moscatelli, Maurizio Bellotto, Cinzia Cristiani, Nadia Stroppa, Luciana Rossi. Heavy-Metal Phytoremediation from Livestock Wastewater and Exploitation of Exhausted Biomass. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monika Hejna; Elisabetta Onelli; Alessandra Moscatelli; Maurizio Bellotto; Cinzia Cristiani; Nadia Stroppa; Luciana Rossi. 2021. "Heavy-Metal Phytoremediation from Livestock Wastewater and Exploitation of Exhausted Biomass." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2239.

Research article
Published: 21 January 2021 in Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
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The loss of agrobiodiversity is a topic of global impact. On a local scale, Lombardy, in the Alpine macro-Region, has lost more than 78% of its plant agrobiodiversity. Only four maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) landraces of Lombardy are registered in the European Register of Conservation Varieties. However, there are other maize landraces in Lombardy such as “Mais delle Fiorine”, which was characterized from an agronomic, morphometric, nutritional and genetic point of view in this research and then compared with the four other landraces already registered (“Spinato di Gandino”, “Rostrato Rosso di Rovetta”, “Scagliolo di Carenno” and “Nero Spinoso”). “Mais delle Fiorine” resulted richer in starch (81% ± 1.6) and zinc (35.8 ± 9.1 mg Kg−1) and lower in phosphorus (3256.7 ± 204.2 mg Kg−1). The kernels in the five landraces also differ in the mean shape that is obovate without beak. A genetic distinction between “Mais delle Fiorine” and the other varieties was observed, and in particular compared to “Nero Spinoso”, while “Scagliolo di Carenno” and “Rostrato Rosso di Rovetta” showed great similarities. As regards agronomical trials, “Mais delle Fiorine” can grow from the Po Valley (90 m a.s.l.) to the mountain environments of the Seriana Valley (also over 900 m a.s.l.) without significant differences in grain yield. In addition, this landrace would seem able to tolerate environments where there is a greater probability of water stress.

ACS Style

Luca Giupponi; Valeria Leoni; Federico Colombo; Elena Cassani; Monika Hejna; Luciana Rossi; Roberto Pilu. Characterization of “Mais delle Fiorine” (Zea mays L.) and nutritional, morphometric and genetic comparison with other maize landraces of Lombardy region (Northern Italy). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 2021, 68, 2075 -2091.

AMA Style

Luca Giupponi, Valeria Leoni, Federico Colombo, Elena Cassani, Monika Hejna, Luciana Rossi, Roberto Pilu. Characterization of “Mais delle Fiorine” (Zea mays L.) and nutritional, morphometric and genetic comparison with other maize landraces of Lombardy region (Northern Italy). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 2021; 68 (5):2075-2091.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luca Giupponi; Valeria Leoni; Federico Colombo; Elena Cassani; Monika Hejna; Luciana Rossi; Roberto Pilu. 2021. "Characterization of “Mais delle Fiorine” (Zea mays L.) and nutritional, morphometric and genetic comparison with other maize landraces of Lombardy region (Northern Italy)." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 68, no. 5: 2075-2091.

Journal article
Published: 03 November 2020 in Journal of Animal Science
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Essential oils as feed additives are being investigated for promoting health in piglets due to their anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of the study was to measure the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of peppermint oil and spearmint oil with porcine alveolar macrophages as host immune responses. Briefly, macrophages were harvested from the bronchial lavage of 6 pigs at 6 weeks of age, and then seeded into 24-well plate with at 106 cells/mL. After 24 h incubation at 37oC and 5% CO2, cells were treated with mint oil or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by randomized complete block design with 12 replicates. The treatments were 2 × 5 factorial arrangement with 2 doses of LPS (0 or 1 μg/mL) and 5 doses of mint oil (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 µg/mL). The supernatants were collected after another 24 h incubation to measure the concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by ELISA assay. Cell viability was also tested by the MTT assay. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. Administration of both mint oils and LPS did not impact the PAM cell viability of macrophages. LPS challenge significantly stimulated (P < 0.05) TNF-α secretion from macrophages. In the non-challenge group, peppermint oil reduced (P < 0.05) TNF-α production at 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL, whereas spearmint oil reduced (P < 0.05) TNF-α concentration from 50 to 200 μg/mL. In the LPS challenge group, both mint oils linearly inhibited (P < 0.001) TNF-α secretion from LPS-challenged macrophages with 200 μg/mL as the strongest dose. Results of the current study indicated that both peppermint and spearmint oils had anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. In vivo animal trials will be conducted to evaluate their impacts on animal health and performance.

ACS Style

Lauren L Kovanda; Monika Hejna; Luciana Rossi; Yanhong Liu. 125 Mint oils: in vitro anti-inflammatory effects tested in porcine alveolar macrophages. Journal of Animal Science 2020, 98, 103 -103.

AMA Style

Lauren L Kovanda, Monika Hejna, Luciana Rossi, Yanhong Liu. 125 Mint oils: in vitro anti-inflammatory effects tested in porcine alveolar macrophages. Journal of Animal Science. 2020; 98 (Supplement):103-103.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lauren L Kovanda; Monika Hejna; Luciana Rossi; Yanhong Liu. 2020. "125 Mint oils: in vitro anti-inflammatory effects tested in porcine alveolar macrophages." Journal of Animal Science 98, no. Supplement: 103-103.

Journal article
Published: 02 November 2020 in Journal of Animal Science
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Weaned piglets often suffer from the enteric disorders and post-weaning diarrhoea. Natural extracts, due to its functional properties, such as tannins from chestnut and quebracho are often considered as feed additives against diarrhoea after the antibiotics ban (Reg. UE 1831/2003). The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effects of tannins on growth performance and blood parameters of weaned piglets. A total of 120 piglets (Large White x Landrace) weaned at d 28±2 were randomly allotted to one of two treatments (control vs. tannin) with 6 pens per treatment and 10 pigs per pen. The tannin diet was supplemented with 1.25% of chestnut and quebracho tannins (Silvateam, Italy). The experiment lasted 40 days. Individual body weight (BW) was recorded at d 0, 14, 28 and 40. Feed intake was measured weekly to calculate feed efficiency from d 0 to 14, d 14 to 28, and d 28 to 40. Blood samples were collected on d 40 from a subset of animals (4 pigs/pen). Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Supplementation of tannins did not affect BW and feed intake throughout the experiment. However, addition of tannins showed tendency to increase the feed efficiency on d 14 to d 28, compared with control (P = 0.54; 60.4 vs. 52.3, respectively). Dietary addition of tannins significantly increase the serum concentration of albumin, and decrease of globulin, urea and creatinine compared with control (P < 0.05; 23.05 vs. 19.31 g/L, 30.13 vs. 33.58 g/L; 0.98 vs. 2.18 mmol/L; 53.92 vs. 78.92 μmol/L, respectively). In conclusion, tannin supplementation impacted the blood parameters that were related to protein utilization, although this benefit was not reflected in growth performance of weaned pigs.

ACS Style

Monika Hejna; Matteo Dell’Anno; Valentina Caprarulo; Stefania Sotira; Luciana Rossi. PSIX-12 Effects of tannin supplementation on zootechnical performance and blood parameters of weaned piglets. Journal of Animal Science 2020, 98, 182 -182.

AMA Style

Monika Hejna, Matteo Dell’Anno, Valentina Caprarulo, Stefania Sotira, Luciana Rossi. PSIX-12 Effects of tannin supplementation on zootechnical performance and blood parameters of weaned piglets. Journal of Animal Science. 2020; 98 (Supplement):182-182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monika Hejna; Matteo Dell’Anno; Valentina Caprarulo; Stefania Sotira; Luciana Rossi. 2020. "PSIX-12 Effects of tannin supplementation on zootechnical performance and blood parameters of weaned piglets." Journal of Animal Science 98, no. Supplement: 182-182.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2020 in Animals
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In pig livestock, alternatives to in-feed antibiotics are needed to control enteric infections. Plant extracts such as tannins can represent an alternative as a natural source of functional compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro digestibility and in vivo effects of oral supplementation of combined chestnut (Ch) and quebracho (Qu) tannins in order to establish if they can induce a positive effect on weaned piglets’ performance, metabolic status and fecal parameters. In vitro digestibility (dry matter, DM) of diets was calculated using a multi-step enzymatic technique. In vitro digested diet samples were further tested on an intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line (IPEC-J2). Weaned piglets (n = 120; 28 ± 2 day old) were randomly allotted to two groups (12 pens in total with 10 pigs per pen): control (Ctrl) and treatment (Ch/Qu). After one week of adaptation (day 0), 35-day-old piglets in the Ctrl group were fed a Ctrl diet and the Ch/Qu group were fed with 1.25% Ch/Qu for 40 days. Body weight and feed intake per pen were recorded weekly. At day 40, blood and fecal samples were collected. Principal metabolic parameters were evaluated from blood samples by enzymatic colorimetric analysis. Total phenolic compounds, urea, and ammonia in feces were analyzed (Megazyme International, Bray, Ireland). In vitro digestibility and cell viability assays showed that the inclusion of 1.25% Ch/Qu slightly reduced diet digestibility compared with the Ctrl diet, while intestinal cell viability was not altered with low concentrations of Ch/Qu digesta compared with Ctrl. In vivo results did not show any adverse effects of Ch/Qu on feed intake and growth performance, confirming that dietary inclusion of Ch/Qu at a concentration of 1.25% did not impair animal performance. The decreased diet DM digestibility in the Ch/Qu diet may cause increased serum concentration of albumin (Ctrl: 19.30 ± 0.88; Ch/Qu: 23.05 ± 0.88) and albumin/globulin ratio (Ctrl: 0.58 ± 0.04; Ch/Qu: 0.82 ± 0.04), but decreased creatinine (Ctrl: 78.92 ± 4.18; Ch/Qu: 54.82 ± 4.18) and urea (Ctrl: 2.18 ± 0.19; Ch/Qu: 0.95 ± 0.19) compared with Ctrl. Pigs in the Ch/Qu group contained higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of fecal phenolic compounds and nitrogen than the Ctrl group, while fecal ammonia and urea were not affected by tannins. In conclusion, Ch/Qu tannin supplementation did not influence growth performance. Although lower digestibility was observed in the diet supplemented with Ch/Qu tannins, Ch/Qu supplementation did not show any adverse effect on intestinal epithelial cell viability.

ACS Style

Valentina Caprarulo; Monika Hejna; Carlotta Giromini; Yanhong Liu; Matteo Dell’Anno; Stefania Sotira; Serena Reggi; Carlo Sgoifo-Rossi; Maria Callegari; Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of Dietary Administration of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannins on Growth, Serum Metabolites and Fecal Parameters of Weaned Piglets. Animals 2020, 10, 1945 .

AMA Style

Valentina Caprarulo, Monika Hejna, Carlotta Giromini, Yanhong Liu, Matteo Dell’Anno, Stefania Sotira, Serena Reggi, Carlo Sgoifo-Rossi, Maria Callegari, Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of Dietary Administration of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannins on Growth, Serum Metabolites and Fecal Parameters of Weaned Piglets. Animals. 2020; 10 (11):1945.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valentina Caprarulo; Monika Hejna; Carlotta Giromini; Yanhong Liu; Matteo Dell’Anno; Stefania Sotira; Serena Reggi; Carlo Sgoifo-Rossi; Maria Callegari; Luciana Rossi. 2020. "Evaluation of Dietary Administration of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannins on Growth, Serum Metabolites and Fecal Parameters of Weaned Piglets." Animals 10, no. 11: 1945.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2020 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
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We evaluated the effects of leonardite supplementation, mainly composed of humic acids (HAs), as a functional feed additive in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty piglets (Large Withe × Landrace) were weaned at 28 ± 2 days, and randomly divided into two groups (6 pens per group, 10 piglets per pen). After one week of adaptation, for 40 days groups were fed a control diet (CTRL) and an HA enriched diet (0.25% of leonardite; HAG). Body weight (BW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured throughout the experimental period. On the last day of the trial four piglets per pen were randomly selected and the blood was collected to evaluate the serum metabolic profile and diamine oxidase content. Chemical analyses showed that leonardite was characterized by a high content of ash 23.27% (as-fed basis), polyphenolic content of 35.18 ± 3.91 mg TAEq/g, and an antioxidant capacity of 73.31 ± 8.22 µmol TroloxEq/g. The HAG group showed an increase in BW, ADG and ADFI (P < 0.01) compared to the CTRL group during the experimental period. In terms of the serum metabolic profile, the HAG group showed a significant increase in total protein content (P < 0.001), albumin (P < 0.001), albumin/globulin ratio (P < 0.01), phosphatase alkaline (P < 0.01), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium (P < 0.05) compared to the CTRL group. A modulation in the serum lipid profile was recorded. The HAG group showed a decrease in total triglycerides (P < 0.05) with higher total cholesterol (P < 0.05), however only high-density lipoprotein showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) compared to the CTRL group. No significant differences in the amount of diamine oxidase were found between groups. In conclusion, leonardite inclusion in the diet at 0.25% was shown to have a positive effect on the serum lipid profile and animal growth. This thus suggests that leonardite can be considered as a new feed additive, which improves the health and performance of weaned piglets.

ACS Style

Matteo Dell’Anno; Monika Hejna; Stefania Sotira; Valentina Caprarulo; Serena Reggi; Roberto Pilu; Francesco Miragoli; Maria Luisa Callegari; Sara Panseri; Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of leonardite as a feed additive on lipid metabolism and growth of weaned piglets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2020, 266, 114519 .

AMA Style

Matteo Dell’Anno, Monika Hejna, Stefania Sotira, Valentina Caprarulo, Serena Reggi, Roberto Pilu, Francesco Miragoli, Maria Luisa Callegari, Sara Panseri, Luciana Rossi. Evaluation of leonardite as a feed additive on lipid metabolism and growth of weaned piglets. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2020; 266 ():114519.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matteo Dell’Anno; Monika Hejna; Stefania Sotira; Valentina Caprarulo; Serena Reggi; Roberto Pilu; Francesco Miragoli; Maria Luisa Callegari; Sara Panseri; Luciana Rossi. 2020. "Evaluation of leonardite as a feed additive on lipid metabolism and growth of weaned piglets." Animal Feed Science and Technology 266, no. : 114519.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2020 in Animals
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tributyrin supplementation on the production traits, the main metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty crossbred piglets (Large White × Landrace) were randomly divided into two experimental groups (six pens each; 10 piglets per pen): the control group (CTRL), that received a basal diet, and the tributyrin group (TRIB) that received the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% tributyrin. The experimental period lasted 40 days. Production traits were measured at days 14, 28 and 40. A subset composed of 48 animals (n = 4 for each pen; n = 24 per group) was considered for the evaluation of serum metabolic parameters and hair cortisol by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and faecal microbiota by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Our results showed that the treatment significantly increased body weight (BW) at day 28 and day 40 (p = 0.0279 and p = 0.0006, respectively) and average daily gain (ADG) from day 28 to day 40 (p = 0.046). Gain to feed ratio (G:F) was significantly higher throughout the experimental period (p = 0.049). Even if the serum parameters were in the physiological range, albumin, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, glucose and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) fraction were significantly higher in the TRIB group. On the contrary, tributyrin significantly decreased the urea blood concentration (p = 0.0026), which was correlated with lean gain and feed efficiency. Moreover, serum insulin concentration, which has a regulatory effect on protein and lipid metabolism, was significantly higher in the TRIB group (p = 0.0187). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that tributyrin can be considered as a valid feed additive for weaned piglets.

ACS Style

Stefania Sotira; Matteo Dell’Anno; Valentina Caprarulo; Monika Hejna; Federica Pirrone; Maria Luisa Callegari; Telma Vieira Tucci; Luciana Rossi. Effects of Tributyrin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Insulin, Blood Metabolites and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets. Animals 2020, 10, 726 .

AMA Style

Stefania Sotira, Matteo Dell’Anno, Valentina Caprarulo, Monika Hejna, Federica Pirrone, Maria Luisa Callegari, Telma Vieira Tucci, Luciana Rossi. Effects of Tributyrin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Insulin, Blood Metabolites and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets. Animals. 2020; 10 (4):726.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefania Sotira; Matteo Dell’Anno; Valentina Caprarulo; Monika Hejna; Federica Pirrone; Maria Luisa Callegari; Telma Vieira Tucci; Luciana Rossi. 2020. "Effects of Tributyrin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Insulin, Blood Metabolites and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets." Animals 10, no. 4: 726.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2020 in Animals
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Castanea sativa Mill. (Fagaceae) is the predominant sweet chestnut tree in Europe. Despite the significant economic value of chestnuts as sources of food and wood, the high content of tannin also increases the value of sweet chestnut trees. Quebracho trees (Schinopsis spp., family Anacardiaceae) grow mainly in Argentina and Paraguay. Quebracho extract obtained from Schinopsis spp. contains 15% to 21% pure tannin. Tannins extracted from these plants have been applied in intensive swine farms due to their ability to improve animal performance and health. However, there are contrasting results regarding the bio-accessibility of chestnut and quebracho and their relative antioxidant activity and growth-rate reducing ability on E. coli, which ultimately affect their benefits in terms of intestinal health and animal production. Our results demonstrate that chestnut and quebracho exert a growth inhibitory activity against Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) species and antioxidant capacity directly, without extraction and after in vitro digestion. Our findings not only suggest that the combined use of chestnut and quebracho can maximize their functional effects, but also that an appropriate dosage of tannins may be key in terms of their effect on bacteria and cells. Quebracho (Qu) and chestnut (Ch) are natural sources of tannins and they are currently used in animal nutrition as feed ingredients. However, to date the bio-accessibility, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and intestinal epithelial cell stimulatory doses of Qu and Ch have not been determined. Our study investigates the antioxidant and E. coli F4+ and F18+ growth inhibitory activity of Qu, Ch, and their combinations after solubilization in water (to evaluate the already bio-accessible molecules) and after simulated gastro-intestinal digestion in vitro. The effect of an in vitro digested Ch and Qu combination was also tested on intestinal epithelial IPEC-J2 cells experimentally stressed with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS). The results showed that undigested Qu and Ch alone, and in combination, exerted a valuable antioxidant capacity and E. coli F4+ and F18+ growth inhibitory activity. The concentration of 1200 µg/mL exhibited the highest E. coli growth inhibitory activity for all the samples tested. In addition, after in vitro digestion, Qu and Qu50%–Ch50% maintained E. coli growth inhibitory activity and a modest antioxidant capacity. Three hours pre-treatment with in vitro digested Qu50%–Ch50% counteracted the H2O2 and DSS experimentally-induced stress in the intestinal IPEC-J2 cells. Ch and Qu tannin extracts, particularly when combined, may exert E. coli F4+ and F18+ growth inhibitory activity and valuable antioxidant and cell viability modulation activities.

ACS Style

Serena Reggi; Carlotta Giromini; Matteo Dell’Anno; Antonella Baldi; Raffaella Rebucci; Luciana Rossi. In Vitro Digestion of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannin Extracts: Antimicrobial Effect, Antioxidant Capacity and Cytomodulatory Activity in Swine Intestinal IPEC-J2 Cells. Animals 2020, 10, 195 .

AMA Style

Serena Reggi, Carlotta Giromini, Matteo Dell’Anno, Antonella Baldi, Raffaella Rebucci, Luciana Rossi. In Vitro Digestion of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannin Extracts: Antimicrobial Effect, Antioxidant Capacity and Cytomodulatory Activity in Swine Intestinal IPEC-J2 Cells. Animals. 2020; 10 (2):195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Serena Reggi; Carlotta Giromini; Matteo Dell’Anno; Antonella Baldi; Raffaella Rebucci; Luciana Rossi. 2020. "In Vitro Digestion of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannin Extracts: Antimicrobial Effect, Antioxidant Capacity and Cytomodulatory Activity in Swine Intestinal IPEC-J2 Cells." Animals 10, no. 2: 195.