Nearby lightning strikes are prone to induce overvoltage transients in photovoltaic (PV) modules and in their power conditioning circuitry, which can permanently damage the PV system. Therefore, it becomes important to establish a method for accurate assessment of such transients. To this aim, the authors propose a three‐dimensional (3D) semi‐analytical numerical method to study the electromagnetic transients caused in PV modules by nearby lightning strikes. The approach bases on a semi‐analytical expression of the magnetic vector potential generated by a geometrically complex lightning channel. The proposed method is able to calculate the transient overvoltage in a PV module, both in common and differential‐mode, taking also into account capacitive and inductive couplings between the internal circuit and the PV metallic frame. Both modes are required to design the surge protective devices (SPDs) in PV power systems. Comparing to the models in literature, the proposed approach explicitly considers the complex geometry of the lightning channel. Statistical analysis allows assessing the impact of channel geometry by randomly generating a number of likely lightning paths. Results show that the lightning‐induced overvoltage in a PV module is highly dependent on factors such as distance to the lightning channel and lightning channel geometry.

The Guidelines for the Assessment of Photovoltaic Plants provided by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the International Standard IEC 61724 recommend procedures for the analysis of monitored data to asses the overall performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, the latter do not provide a well adapted method for the analysis of stand-alone photovoltaic systems (SAPV) with charge regulators without maximum power point tracker (MPPT). In this way, the IDEA Research Group has developed a new method that improves the analysis performance of these kinds of systems. Moreover, it has been validated an expression that compromises simplicity and accuracy when estimating the array potential in this kind of systems. SAPV system monitoring and performance analysis from monitored data are of great interest to engineers both for detecting a system malfunction and for optimizing the design of future SAPV system. In this way, this paper introduces an online monitoring system in real time for SAPV applications where the monitored data are processed in order to provide an analysis of system performance. The latter, together with the monitored data, are displayed on a graphical user interface using a virtual instrument (VI) developed in LABVIEW®. Furthermore, the collected and monitored data can be shown in a website where an external user can see the daily evolution of all monitored and derived parameters. At present, three different SAPV systems, installed in the Polytechnic School of University of Jaén, are being monitorized and the collected data are being published online in real time. Moreover, a performance analysis of these stand-alone photovoltaic systems considering both IEC 61724 and the IDEA Method is also offered. These three systems use the charge regulators more widespread in the market. Systems #1 and #2 use pulse width modulation (PWM) charge regulators, (a series and a shunt regulator, respectively), meanwhile System #3 has a charge regulator with MPPT. This website provides a tool that can be used not only for educational purposes in order to illustrate the operation of this kind of systems but it can also show the scientific and engineering community the main features of the system performance analysis methods mentioned above. Furthermore, it allows an external user to download the monitored and analysis data to make its own offline analysis. These files comply with the format proposed in the standard IEC 61724. The SAPV system monitoring website is now available for public viewing on the University of Jaén. (http://voltio.ujaen.es/sfa/index.html).