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Fogo (Fogo island, Cape Verde Republic) is the youngest and most active volcano of the archipelago. The last eruption occurred in 2014–2015. Aiming at studying dust emissions and transport during the eruption period and assessing their impact on air quality and human health, a mineralogical and chemical characterization was undertaken in outdoor dust from all over the island, as well as in the lava resulting from this event. Air quality monitors were used to obtain concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants. The mineralogical constitution of the samples was analysed by X-ray diffraction and Electron Microprobe, while the chemical characterization was performed through X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and ICP-MS. The volcanic rock was found to be tephritic to basanitic, with high potassium content. Several minerals were identified, such as titanian augite with ilmenite, basaltic hornblendes, pyrrhotites, apatites, pyroxenes, basaltic hornblendes and hematites. Concentrations of the particulate matter inhalable fraction (PM10) exceeded the 24-hour mean of 50 µg/m3 recommended by the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) showed levels lower than the worrying range. The highest levels of CO2 were recorded in more populated villages and farthest from the volcano. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) for outdoor dust collected on rooftops was always above 1, suggesting enrichment, with higher values in the dust size fraction < 63 µm. In the same way, the Contamination Factor pointed to high enrichment of As, Ni and Pb, and very high enrichment of Cd in the same size fraction. The Non-carcinogenic Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index estimated for Children suggest that health problems may arise. The Carcinogenic Risk, for all size fractions, was above the target risk. The element that most contributed to the global risk was As, followed by Pb and Co. Ingestion was the main exposure route for all size fractions. The dust size fraction that represented the highest risk was < 63 µm, mostly due to the As concentration.
Carla Candeias; Paula F. Ávila; Célia Alves; Carla Gama; Cristina Sequeira; Eduardo Ferreira da Silva; Fernando Rocha. Fogo Volcano (Cape Verde) 2014-2015 Eruption: Dust Characterization and Impacts on Environment and Human Health. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleCarla Candeias, Paula F. Ávila, Célia Alves, Carla Gama, Cristina Sequeira, Eduardo Ferreira da Silva, Fernando Rocha. Fogo Volcano (Cape Verde) 2014-2015 Eruption: Dust Characterization and Impacts on Environment and Human Health. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Candeias; Paula F. Ávila; Célia Alves; Carla Gama; Cristina Sequeira; Eduardo Ferreira da Silva; Fernando Rocha. 2021. "Fogo Volcano (Cape Verde) 2014-2015 Eruption: Dust Characterization and Impacts on Environment and Human Health." , no. : 1.
Air quality is a topic with growing interest within the tourism industry, especially for destinations with a high volume of tourism. Several implications on tourism demand are already recognised, such as influence on health and well-being, travel behaviour and trip satisfaction. However, there is a knowledge gap concerning its influence on tourism decision making. To overcome this gap this study intends to examine the relevance of destinations’ air quality on tourism decision making before and during tourism trips. A qualitative study was carried out based on in-depth interviews with visitors from different cultural backgrounds and with different health conditions. A content analysis was undertaken to find the major references regarding the topic and to establish a comparative analysis. The results demonstrate a lack of concern regarding air quality in specific dimensions of travel planning. Nevertheless, when visitors are confronted with episodes of air pollution at the destination, they tend to adopt adaptive strategies to prevent negative effects. Differences were found between groups from different places of residence and between individuals with or without health problems. The paper ends with guidelines for those developing recreation and tourism activities concerning the relevance that should be assigned to air quality in the development of these activities.
V. Rodrigues; M.J. Carneiro; C. Eusébio; M. Madaleno; M. Robaina; C. Gama; K. Oliveira; H. Relvas; M. Lopes; A. Monteiro. How important is air quality in travel decision-making? Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 2021, 35, 100380 .
AMA StyleV. Rodrigues, M.J. Carneiro, C. Eusébio, M. Madaleno, M. Robaina, C. Gama, K. Oliveira, H. Relvas, M. Lopes, A. Monteiro. How important is air quality in travel decision-making? Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. 2021; 35 ():100380.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Rodrigues; M.J. Carneiro; C. Eusébio; M. Madaleno; M. Robaina; C. Gama; K. Oliveira; H. Relvas; M. Lopes; A. Monteiro. 2021. "How important is air quality in travel decision-making?" Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 35, no. : 100380.
The pandemic caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (associated to the disease named COVID-19) is having a global impact that affects health, the economy and the environment. These impacts are negative in most of the sectors but benefits also occurred in specific fields. Tourism was one of the most negatively affected economic sectors, and in terms of benefits, the improvement of air quality can be highlighted, with positive health implications. This paper aims to evaluate the impacts on these two particular fields—tourism and air quality—focusing on Portugal due to the relevance of tourism in the country. The research carried out in this paper enables us to find the most critical areas and identifies lessons learnt and recommendations for the post-COVID period. Tourism and air quality data were collected for both 2019 and 2020 and compared in terms of quantitative and spatial analysis. The Lisbon metropolitan area—the geographical area where the capital of the country is located—was the area that suffered the most negative impacts in terms of tourism activity but was also the one where highest benefits in terms of air pollution reduction and human exposure were felt. Recommendations for future strategies are suggested, including new concepts of tourism connected to the environment; the investment in online/virtual tourism activities; promotion of the domestic market; mitigation of the over-tourism problem and using environmental issues, such as air quality, as new attractiveness criteria for tourism destinations.
Alexandra Monteiro; Celeste Eusébio; Maria Carneiro; Mara Madaleno; Margarita Robaina; Vitor Rodrigues; Carla Gama; Hélder Relvas; Michael Russo; Kevin Oliveira; Myriam Lopes; Carlos Borrego. Tourism and Air Quality during COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for the Future. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3906 .
AMA StyleAlexandra Monteiro, Celeste Eusébio, Maria Carneiro, Mara Madaleno, Margarita Robaina, Vitor Rodrigues, Carla Gama, Hélder Relvas, Michael Russo, Kevin Oliveira, Myriam Lopes, Carlos Borrego. Tourism and Air Quality during COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for the Future. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3906.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandra Monteiro; Celeste Eusébio; Maria Carneiro; Mara Madaleno; Margarita Robaina; Vitor Rodrigues; Carla Gama; Hélder Relvas; Michael Russo; Kevin Oliveira; Myriam Lopes; Carlos Borrego. 2021. "Tourism and Air Quality during COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for the Future." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3906.
European cities have made significant progress over the last decades towards a clean air. Despite all this progress, several urban areas are frequently exceeding air quality levels allowed by the European legal standards. The ClairCity project funded by the H2020 program addressed air pollution bringing a key missing factor in the way cities and societies organized themselves and work: citizens at the heart not only of the air pollution issues, but also of the solution, focusing on their behaviour, activities and practices. In this work, the ClairCity European pilot cities and regions (Bristol in the UK, Amsterdam in the Netherlands, Ljubljana in Slovenia, Sosnowiec in Poland, the Aveiro region in Portugal and the Liguria region around Genoa in Italy) are studied in terms of air quality for a 10 year period regarding the main atmospheric pollutants over urban areas, namely particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone.
Therefore, the main objective of this work is to present a comprehensive diagnosis of the air quality and its main emission sources for each case study. The concentrations trends in the different typology of monitoring stations (background, traffic and industrial) were addressed, together with the knowledge of daily, weekly and seasonal pollution patterns to better understand the city specific profiles and to characterise pollutant dynamics and variations in multiple locations.
Each city/ region faces different issues and causes of air pollution, but all of these case studies have been working on to improve their air quality. In Bristol there have been strong downward trends in many air pollutants, but the levels of NO2 remain persistently high and of concern, with transport the key contributor. PM on the other hand is not widely monitored in Bristol, but background levels at least are under limit values. Similarly, the main sources of air pollution in Amsterdam are traffic, in particular for NO2, and international shipping. Decreasing emissions and concentration levels point to some success of Amsterdam air quality policies in recent years. PM10 exceedances are a seasonal pollution problem in Ljubljana, with the main particulate matter sources attributed to residential heating, which is still significantly outdated in some parts of the city, where households still heat with burning wood and biomass during winter. The most pressing issue for air quality within Sosnowiec is emissions from residential heating. Particulate matter are the main critical pollutants, linked with the use of inefficient heating systems, together with poor quality fuels, in winter. On the other hand, NO2 limit values are also exceeded in Sosnowiec, but in comparison to the low-stack emissions, the problem is far smaller. On contrary, air quality in the Aveiro region is relatively good, due to an overall relatively low population density in the region, and an open landscape in a maritime climate. PM10 and O3 exceedances do occur occasionally. While, exceedances of NO2 and O3 concentrations are still problematic in Liguria region, with road transport, industrial plants and port activities being the main contributors to these problems.
Vera Rodrigues; Carla Gama; Ana Ascenso; Kevin Oliveira; Sílvia Coelho; Alexandra Monteiro; Enda Hayes; Myriam Lopes. Temporal patterns and trends of air pollution over distinct European urban areas. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleVera Rodrigues, Carla Gama, Ana Ascenso, Kevin Oliveira, Sílvia Coelho, Alexandra Monteiro, Enda Hayes, Myriam Lopes. Temporal patterns and trends of air pollution over distinct European urban areas. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVera Rodrigues; Carla Gama; Ana Ascenso; Kevin Oliveira; Sílvia Coelho; Alexandra Monteiro; Enda Hayes; Myriam Lopes. 2021. "Temporal patterns and trends of air pollution over distinct European urban areas." , no. : 1.
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a critical pollutant over the Mediterranean countries, including Portugal, due to systematic exceedances to the thresholds for the protection of human health. Due to the location of Portugal, on the Atlantic coast at the south-west point of Europe, the observed O3 concentrations are very much influenced not only by local and regional production but also by northern mid-latitudes background concentrations. Ozone trends in the Iberian Peninsula were previously analysed by Monteiro et al. (2012), based on 10-years of O3 observations. Nevertheless, only two of the eleven background monitoring stations analysed in that study are located in Portugal and these two stations are located in Porto and Lisbon urban areas. Although during pollution events O3 levels in urban areas may be high enough to affect human health, the highest concentrations are found in rural locations downwind from the urban and industrialized areas, rather than in cities. This happens because close to the sources (e.g., in urban areas) freshly emitted NO locally scavenges O3. A long-term study of the spatial and temporal variability and trends of the ozone concentrations over Portugal is missing, aiming to answer the following questions:
- What is the temporal variability of ozone concentrations?
- Which trends can we find in observations?
- How were the ozone spring maxima concentrations affected by the COVID-19 lockdown during spring 2020?
In this presentation, these questions will be answered based on the statistical analysis of O3 concentrations recorded within the national air quality monitoring network between 2005 and 2020 (16 years). The variability of the surface ozone concentrations over Portugal, on the timescales from diurnal to annual, will be presented and discussed, taking into account the physical and chemical processes that control that variability. Using the TheilSen function from the OpenAir package for R (Carslaw and Ropkins 2012), which quantifies monotonic trends and calculates the associated p-value through bootstrap simulations, O3 concentration long-term trends will be estimated for the different regions and environments (e.g., rural, urban). Moreover, taking advantage of the unique situation provided by the COVID-19 lockdown during spring 2020, when the government imposed mandatory confinement and citizens movement restriction, leading to a reduction in traffic-related atmospheric emissions, the role of these emissions on ozone levels during the spring period will be studied and presented.
Carslaw and Ropkins, 2012. Openair—an R package for air quality data analysis. Environ. Model. Softw. 27-28,52-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.09.008
Monteiro et al., 2012. Trends in ozone concentrations in the Iberian Peninsula by quantile regression and clustering. Atmos. Environ. 56, 184-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.069
Carla Gama; Alexandra Monteiro; Myriam Lopes; Ana Isabel Miranda. Temporal patterns and trends of surface ozone concentrations over Portugal. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleCarla Gama, Alexandra Monteiro, Myriam Lopes, Ana Isabel Miranda. Temporal patterns and trends of surface ozone concentrations over Portugal. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Gama; Alexandra Monteiro; Myriam Lopes; Ana Isabel Miranda. 2021. "Temporal patterns and trends of surface ozone concentrations over Portugal." , no. : 1.
Tropospheric ozone (O3) can strongly damage vegetation. Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), in particular, have intermediate sensitivity to ozone. Wine production is an important economic activity, as well as a pillar to the cultural identity of several countries in the world. This study aims to evaluate the risk of Douro vineyards exposure to ozone, by estimating its concentration and deposition in the Demarcated Region of Douro in Portugal. Based on an assessment of the climatology of the area, the years 2003 to 2005 were selected among the hottest years of the recent past, and the chemical transport model CHIMERE was used to estimate the three-dimensional field of ozone and its dry deposition over the Douro region with 1 km2 of horizontal resolution. Model results were validated by comparison with measured data from the European air quality database (AirBase). The exposure indicator AOT40 (accumulated concentration of ozone above 40 ppb) was calculated and an exposure–response function was applied to determine the grapevine risk to ozone exposure. The target value for the protection of vegetation established by the Air Quality Framework Directive was exceeded on most of the Douro region, especially over the Baixo Corgo and Cima Corgo sub-regions. The results of the exposure–response functions suggest that the productivity loss can reach 27% and that the sugar content of the grapes could be reduced by 32%, but these values are affected by the inherent uncertainty of the used methodology.
Ana Ascenso; Carla Gama; Daniel Blanco-Ward; Alexandra Monteiro; Carlos Silveira; Carolina Viceto; Vera Rodrigues; Alfredo Rocha; Carlos Borrego; Myriam Lopes; Ana Miranda. Assessing Douro Vineyards Exposure to Tropospheric Ozone. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 200 .
AMA StyleAna Ascenso, Carla Gama, Daniel Blanco-Ward, Alexandra Monteiro, Carlos Silveira, Carolina Viceto, Vera Rodrigues, Alfredo Rocha, Carlos Borrego, Myriam Lopes, Ana Miranda. Assessing Douro Vineyards Exposure to Tropospheric Ozone. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (2):200.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Ascenso; Carla Gama; Daniel Blanco-Ward; Alexandra Monteiro; Carlos Silveira; Carolina Viceto; Vera Rodrigues; Alfredo Rocha; Carlos Borrego; Myriam Lopes; Ana Miranda. 2021. "Assessing Douro Vineyards Exposure to Tropospheric Ozone." Atmosphere 12, no. 2: 200.
The presence of anhydrosugars and sugar alcohols in airborne articulate matter < 10 µm (PM10) samples collected between December 2018 and June 2019 was studied for two urban environments in Coimbra. Anhydrosugars were used to estimate the biomass burning contribution, and sugar alcohols were investigated regarding biological sources. Anhydrosugars contributed more than sugar alcohols to the total sugars, mainly levoglucosan. Higher levoglucosan concentrations were linked with the use of biomass-fueled heating appliances, mainly during cold periods. A significant contribution from biomass burning smoke was registered, accounting for 20% to 23% of the PM10 mass in the colder period. Xylitol presented higher concentrations in the colder period and was well correlated with levoglucosan, indicating a common origin. Mannitol and arabitol were well correlated with each other but did not present any kind of correlation with anhydrosugars or xylitol, suggesting a natural source. A quantitative estimation based on the concentration of ambient tracers (mannitol) was evaluated, and the results reveal that, for the two sites, the fungal spore relative contribution to PM10 (roadside site: 2.7% to 2.8%; urban background: 1.9% to 2.7%) and OC mass (roadside site: 6.2% to 8.1%; urban background: 3.9% to 7.5%) was significant and always higher in the warmer period.
Cátia Gonçalves; Ismael Rienda; Noela Pina; Carla Gama; Teresa Nunes; Oxana Tchepel; Célia Alves. PM10-Bound Sugars: Chemical Composition, Sources and Seasonal Variations. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 194 .
AMA StyleCátia Gonçalves, Ismael Rienda, Noela Pina, Carla Gama, Teresa Nunes, Oxana Tchepel, Célia Alves. PM10-Bound Sugars: Chemical Composition, Sources and Seasonal Variations. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (2):194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCátia Gonçalves; Ismael Rienda; Noela Pina; Carla Gama; Teresa Nunes; Oxana Tchepel; Célia Alves. 2021. "PM10-Bound Sugars: Chemical Composition, Sources and Seasonal Variations." Atmosphere 12, no. 2: 194.
Air quality (AQ) is gaining considerable visibility within the tourism sector. However, despite several studies analysing the impact of tourism activities on the AQ of destinations, little is known about the inverse relation. This paper analyses the role of AQ on travel planning and the factors influencing it, specifically the influence of environmentally friendly daily behaviours and concerns with AQ impacts on visitor health. To accomplish this, a questionnaire survey (N = 834) was carried out to visitors. Two Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and two multivariate regression models were used to identify the factors influencing the role of AQ in travel planning. Results reveal that despite AQ not having a substantial role in travel planning of tourism activities, the environmentally friendly daily behaviours of visitors have a positive influence on the role of AQ in travel planning. The paper ends with some theoretical and practical implications.
Maria João Carneiro; Vitor Rodrigues; Celeste Eusébio; Margarita Robaina; Mara Madaleno; Alexandra Monteiro; Carla Gama; Kevin Oliveira; Michael Russo; Carlos Borrego. Tourism and Air Quality: Factors Influencing the Role of Air Quality in Visitors Travel Planning. Tourism Planning & Development 2021, 1 -21.
AMA StyleMaria João Carneiro, Vitor Rodrigues, Celeste Eusébio, Margarita Robaina, Mara Madaleno, Alexandra Monteiro, Carla Gama, Kevin Oliveira, Michael Russo, Carlos Borrego. Tourism and Air Quality: Factors Influencing the Role of Air Quality in Visitors Travel Planning. Tourism Planning & Development. 2021; ():1-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria João Carneiro; Vitor Rodrigues; Celeste Eusébio; Margarita Robaina; Mara Madaleno; Alexandra Monteiro; Carla Gama; Kevin Oliveira; Michael Russo; Carlos Borrego. 2021. "Tourism and Air Quality: Factors Influencing the Role of Air Quality in Visitors Travel Planning." Tourism Planning & Development , no. : 1-21.
The pandemic caused by coronavirus COVID-19 is having a worldwide impact that affects health, the economy and indirectly affects the air pollution in cities. In Portugal, the number of cases increased continually (32700 confirmed cases as of May 31, 2020), which has affected the health system and caused movement restrictions which in turn affects the air pollution in the country. This article analyses the indirect effect produced by this pandemic on air pollution in Portugal, by comparison of data from a period of movement restriction of the citizens by the government – COVID lockdown period (March–May 2020) with data from baseline conditions (mean of the mirrored periods from the five previous years (March–May from 2015 to 2019)). Air quality data – in particular NO2 and PM10 hourly concentration - from more than 20 monitoring stations spread over mainland Portugal was used to perform this evaluation. The mean reduction observed on pollutant concentrations was higher for NO2 (41%) than for PM10 (18%). For NO2, mean reductions were more significant in traffic (reaching values higher than 60% in some monitoring stations) and background urban sites than in rural stations. The reduction of NO2 concentration observed in traffic sites were compared to the estimation of traffic contribution by the incremental method, suggesting that this latter approach is not consistent (lower in same sites and higher in others) and alerting to the careful use of this approach in future works.
Carla Gama; Hélder Relvas; Myriam Lopes; Alexandra Monteiro. The impact of COVID-19 on air quality levels in Portugal: A way to assess traffic contribution. Environmental Research 2020, 193, 110515 -110515.
AMA StyleCarla Gama, Hélder Relvas, Myriam Lopes, Alexandra Monteiro. The impact of COVID-19 on air quality levels in Portugal: A way to assess traffic contribution. Environmental Research. 2020; 193 ():110515-110515.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Gama; Hélder Relvas; Myriam Lopes; Alexandra Monteiro. 2020. "The impact of COVID-19 on air quality levels in Portugal: A way to assess traffic contribution." Environmental Research 193, no. : 110515-110515.
The objective of this study is to explore the existing services at a regional scale and study their applicability to the assessment and forecast of air quality at the urban scale. Two approaches were evaluated to characterize urban background pollution levels from the regional operational forecast: (i) Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) and (ii) Chemical Transport Model CHIMERE from the national forecast system. The local contribution from road traffic was analysed using transportation (VISUM) -emission (QTraffic) - dispersion (ADMS-Roads) modelling chain with 10 m grid resolution. The methodology was applied to Coimbra city to estimate PM10 concentrations for the period of one year (2018). In order to validate the model outputs against the daily observations, the FAIRMODE Delta Tool was applied separately for regional and urban scale. The results obtained for Coimbra satisfy the modelling performance criteria. However, both approaches used to characterize background concentrations underestimate PM10 levels. The modelling bias at urban traffic station is about 6 μg m−3 for annual mean concentration. Local highest contribution of road traffic to PM10 annual mean obtained with high grid resolution (10 m) achieves 22 μg m−3. Spatial distribution of PM10 concentrations highlights the limitations to characterize urban hot spots based on the measurements from only one traffic station available within the study area and used to validate the urban scale model.
O. Tchepel; A. Monteiro; D. Dias; C. Gama; N. Pina; J.P. Rodrigues; M. Ferreira; A.I. Miranda. Urban aerosol assessment and forecast: Coimbra case study. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2020, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleO. Tchepel, A. Monteiro, D. Dias, C. Gama, N. Pina, J.P. Rodrigues, M. Ferreira, A.I. Miranda. Urban aerosol assessment and forecast: Coimbra case study. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2020; 11 (7):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleO. Tchepel; A. Monteiro; D. Dias; C. Gama; N. Pina; J.P. Rodrigues; M. Ferreira; A.I. Miranda. 2020. "Urban aerosol assessment and forecast: Coimbra case study." Atmospheric Pollution Research 11, no. 7: 1.
Purpose Tourism may have important positive and negative economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts. However, cultural and natural resources are also the base to the development of competitive destinations and changes in these resources can have an important impact on tourism development. Despite the considerable literature regarding the impacts of tourism, a limited number of studies examine the impact of the environment on tourism, specifically the impact of air quality (AQ). Therefore, this paper aims to review what is known about the impact of AQ on tourism demand, analysing the different methods and approaches used, as well as the results obtained. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review method was used to examine the state of the art in this topic and identify research gaps and new research directions. Only 26 papers were identified that examine the impact of AQ on tourism demand. Findings The majority of the studies were carried out in China and investigate the impact of AQ on tourism from the perspective of tourism demand. Both global (tourism demand) and individual (tourist perceptions) approaches have been used to investigate the impact of AQ on tourism. Originality/value This is the first systematic literature review on the impact of outdoor AQ on tourism demand. Moreover, this paper analyses the methods and approaches that have been used in the literature to examine the impact of outdoor AQ on tourism demand. The paper ends with a discussion on the identified research gaps concerning the influence of AQ on tourism development.
Celeste Eusébio; Maria João Carneiro; Mara Madaleno; Margarita Robaina; Vítor Rodrigues; Michael Russo; Hélder Relvas; Carla Gama; Myriam Lopes; Vania Seixas; Carlos Borrego; Alexandra Monteiro. The impact of air quality on tourism: a systematic literature review. Journal of Tourism Futures 2020, 7, 111 -130.
AMA StyleCeleste Eusébio, Maria João Carneiro, Mara Madaleno, Margarita Robaina, Vítor Rodrigues, Michael Russo, Hélder Relvas, Carla Gama, Myriam Lopes, Vania Seixas, Carlos Borrego, Alexandra Monteiro. The impact of air quality on tourism: a systematic literature review. Journal of Tourism Futures. 2020; 7 (1):111-130.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCeleste Eusébio; Maria João Carneiro; Mara Madaleno; Margarita Robaina; Vítor Rodrigues; Michael Russo; Hélder Relvas; Carla Gama; Myriam Lopes; Vania Seixas; Carlos Borrego; Alexandra Monteiro. 2020. "The impact of air quality on tourism: a systematic literature review." Journal of Tourism Futures 7, no. 1: 111-130.
Desert dust outbreaks may affect air quality. This study estimates the importance of African dust contribution to the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations observed in rural regional background sites in Portugal. Desert dust contribution is evaluated by two different approaches: A measurement-approach methodology based on the monthly moving 40th percentile, and a model-approach methodology based on WRF-CHIMERE simulations, whose performance is also assessed within this work. Several desert dust episodes affected atmospheric aerosols in the planetary boundary layer over Portugal during 2016. Their intensity was variable, with at least two events (21–22 February and 27–28 October) contributing to exceedances to the PM10 daily limit value defined in the European Air Quality Directive. African dust contributions obtained for the year 2016 with the measurement-approach methodology are higher than the ones simulated by WRF-CHIMERE. Contributions to PM10 and to PM2.5 concentrations range from 0 to 90 µg m−3 and from 0 to 30 µg m−3, respectively, in most of the regions and days. Caution must be employed when using measurement-approach methodologies to quantify dust contributions to PM levels when forest fires occur simultaneously with the long-range transport of desert dust, as happened in August 2016.
Carla Gama; Casimiro Pio; Alexandra Monteiro; Michael Russo; Ana Patrícia Fernandes; Carlos Borrego; José María Baldasano; Oxana Tchepel. Comparison of Methodologies for Assessing Desert Dust Contribution to Regional PM10 and PM2.5 Levels: A One-Year Study Over Portugal. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 134 .
AMA StyleCarla Gama, Casimiro Pio, Alexandra Monteiro, Michael Russo, Ana Patrícia Fernandes, Carlos Borrego, José María Baldasano, Oxana Tchepel. Comparison of Methodologies for Assessing Desert Dust Contribution to Regional PM10 and PM2.5 Levels: A One-Year Study Over Portugal. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (2):134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Gama; Casimiro Pio; Alexandra Monteiro; Michael Russo; Ana Patrícia Fernandes; Carlos Borrego; José María Baldasano; Oxana Tchepel. 2020. "Comparison of Methodologies for Assessing Desert Dust Contribution to Regional PM10 and PM2.5 Levels: A One-Year Study Over Portugal." Atmosphere 11, no. 2: 134.
Tropospheric ozone (O3) can damage vegetation, affecting productivity and quality of the crops. Vines, in particular, have an intermediate sensitivity to ozone. Moreover, an increase of ozone levels is foreseen under climate change scenarios. The Douro Demarcated Region is one of the most productive wine areas in Portugal; thus studying the ozone deposition over this region and assessing its potential effects is a nowadays concern. This work aims to evaluate the risk of Douro vineyards exposure to ozone in present and future climates. The chemical transport model CHIMERE, with a spatial resolution of 1 km2, fed by meteorological data from the WRF model, was applied for the years 2003–2005 (present climate), for 2049 and 2064 (mid-term future) and for 2096 and 2097 (long-term future). The assessment of the potential damage in terms of productivity and quality was done through the analysis of ozone deposition and the application of concentration-response functions. The exposure indicator AOT40 (accumulated concentration of ozone above 40 ppb) for the period established in the Air Quality Framework Directive 2008/50/CE was also estimated. The model results show, for present and future climate, that the AOT40 levels in the entire Douro region are above the target value for the protection of vegetation. The results of the exposure-response functions suggest that the tropospheric ozone levels in the future, in the region, would influence the quality and productivity of the wine.
Ana Isabel Miranda; Ana Ascenso; Carla Gama; Daniel Blanco-Ward; Alexandra Monteiro; Carlos Silveira; Carolina Viceto; Alfredo Rocha; Diogo Lopes; Myriam Lopes; Carlos Borrego. Ozone Risk for Douro Vineyards in Present and Future Climates. First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 2019, 439 -444.
AMA StyleAna Isabel Miranda, Ana Ascenso, Carla Gama, Daniel Blanco-Ward, Alexandra Monteiro, Carlos Silveira, Carolina Viceto, Alfredo Rocha, Diogo Lopes, Myriam Lopes, Carlos Borrego. Ozone Risk for Douro Vineyards in Present and Future Climates. First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015. 2019; ():439-444.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Isabel Miranda; Ana Ascenso; Carla Gama; Daniel Blanco-Ward; Alexandra Monteiro; Carlos Silveira; Carolina Viceto; Alfredo Rocha; Diogo Lopes; Myriam Lopes; Carlos Borrego. 2019. "Ozone Risk for Douro Vineyards in Present and Future Climates." First Complex Systems Digital Campus World E-Conference 2015 , no. : 439-444.
Data on atmospheric pollutant emissions from tourism activities was identified as a critical knowledge gap. Building an emissions inventory is a standard procedure that most countries perform for regulatory or research purposes. At a European level, these inventories are developed using the standard Nomenclature for Reporting (NFR sectors). However, none of the NFR are exclusively for tourism or explicitly include it. This paper presents a methodology to estimate the emissions from main touristic activities, focusing on Portugal as a case study. The emissions were distributed using tourism data as a proxy, namely the contribution of tourism to characteristic industries, as well as the nights spent in tourism establishments by non-residents. The proxy data was used to distribute emissions throughout the municipalities, using the national reported emissions data as a starting point. An analysis of the spatial distribution of tourism emissions was performed, highlighting that tourism has a significant impact on atmospheric emissions over specific areas (up to 40.1%), and contributing to areas where air pollution is already an environmental stress factor (urban centres of Porto and Lisbon). While this methodological framework was developed specifically for Portugal, it may be adapted to assess atmospheric pollutant emissions from tourism activities in other regions. Beyond the methodology proposed and the analysis of the results, other alternative methods to estimate emissions from the tourism sector are discussed and suggested.
M.A. Russo; H. Relvas; Carla Gama; Myriam Lopes; C. Borrego; V. Rodrigues; Margarita Robaina; M. Madaleno; M.J. Carneiro; C. Eusébio; A. Monteiro. Estimating emissions from tourism activities. Atmospheric Environment 2019, 220, 117048 .
AMA StyleM.A. Russo, H. Relvas, Carla Gama, Myriam Lopes, C. Borrego, V. Rodrigues, Margarita Robaina, M. Madaleno, M.J. Carneiro, C. Eusébio, A. Monteiro. Estimating emissions from tourism activities. Atmospheric Environment. 2019; 220 ():117048.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.A. Russo; H. Relvas; Carla Gama; Myriam Lopes; C. Borrego; V. Rodrigues; Margarita Robaina; M. Madaleno; M.J. Carneiro; C. Eusébio; A. Monteiro. 2019. "Estimating emissions from tourism activities." Atmospheric Environment 220, no. : 117048.
Alexandra Monteiro; Michael Russo; Carla Gama; Carlos Borrego. SHIPPING EMISSIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY IN URBAN COASTAL AREAS: PRESENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS. Urban Transport XXV 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleAlexandra Monteiro, Michael Russo, Carla Gama, Carlos Borrego. SHIPPING EMISSIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY IN URBAN COASTAL AREAS: PRESENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS. Urban Transport XXV. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandra Monteiro; Michael Russo; Carla Gama; Carlos Borrego. 2019. "SHIPPING EMISSIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY IN URBAN COASTAL AREAS: PRESENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS." Urban Transport XXV , no. : 1.
C. Gama; I. Ribeiro; Anne Caroline Lange; Annika Vogel; A. Ascenso; V. Seixas; H. Elbern; C. Borrego; E. Friese; A. Monteiro. Performance assessment of CHIMERE and EURAD-IM’ dust modules. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2019, 10, 1336 -1346.
AMA StyleC. Gama, I. Ribeiro, Anne Caroline Lange, Annika Vogel, A. Ascenso, V. Seixas, H. Elbern, C. Borrego, E. Friese, A. Monteiro. Performance assessment of CHIMERE and EURAD-IM’ dust modules. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2019; 10 (4):1336-1346.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Gama; I. Ribeiro; Anne Caroline Lange; Annika Vogel; A. Ascenso; V. Seixas; H. Elbern; C. Borrego; E. Friese; A. Monteiro. 2019. "Performance assessment of CHIMERE and EURAD-IM’ dust modules." Atmospheric Pollution Research 10, no. 4: 1336-1346.
Each year, all Member States (MS) have to deliver their national emissions inventory to the European Union for all activity sectors, following the requirements of the CLRTAP programme. Recently, the specifications of this emissions report changed, MS emissions data had to be reported in grid cells with a resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°, and now, from 2015 forward, they must use a higher resolution grid (0.1° × 0.1°). The purpose of this study is to investigate the main differences found between these two emissions inventories for Europe, focusing on Portugal as a case study, using their available common year (2015). Differences on emissions values and their spatial distribution were analysed per sector and pollutant. Additionally, to evaluate and compare the accuracy of both datasets, air quality modelling simulations were performed, and the resulting pollutant concentrations were validated using data from observations. The results found indicated major differences in several MS (e.g. France, Italy, Germany and Spain). Portugal was not one of the delta hotspots but significant differences were still found, mainly for NOx emissions for the transport sectors, both emissions and concentrations in urban areas, as well as NO2 concentrations throughout the study domain. The analysis of the air quality modelling outputs indicates that the EMEP0.1 inventory does not improve model performance, which suggests that the methodology to build EMEP0.1 was not adequate. This work highlights the importance of accurately estimating emissions data and confirms what other studies already indicated regarding uncertainties: solely improving the emissions inventory resolution does not necessarily imply higher accuracy in the results.
M. A. Russo; Carla Gama; A. Monteiro. How does upgrading an emissions inventory affect air quality simulations? Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2019, 12, 731 -741.
AMA StyleM. A. Russo, Carla Gama, A. Monteiro. How does upgrading an emissions inventory affect air quality simulations? Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health. 2019; 12 (6):731-741.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. A. Russo; Carla Gama; A. Monteiro. 2019. "How does upgrading an emissions inventory affect air quality simulations?" Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 12, no. 6: 731-741.
Due to its dependence on fossil fuel combustion, emissions from the marine transport sector can significantly contribute to air pollution. This work aims to evaluate the impact of maritime transport emissions on air quality in Portugal using a numerical air quality modelling approach, with high-resolution emission data. Emissions from the European TNO inventory were compiled and pre-processed at hourly and high spatial (∼3 × 3 km2) resolutions. Scenarios with and without these maritime emissions were then simulated with the WRF-CHIMERE modelling system, extensively tested and validated for Portugal domain, in order to evaluate their impact on air quality. A simulation was performed for one year (2016) and the resulting differences were analysed in terms of spatial distribution, time series and deltas. The main deltas for NO2 and PM10 are located over international shipping routes and major ports, while O3 concentrations are impacted in a larger area. The modelling results also indicate that shipping emissions are responsible for deltas in the concentration of NO2 higher than 20% over specific urban areas located in the west coast of Portugal, and less than 5% for PM10. For O3 the relative contribution is low (around 2%) but this contribution is also observed at locations more than 50 km from the coast.
A. Monteiro; M. Russo; C. Gama; C. Borrego. How important are maritime emissions for the air quality: At European and national scale. Environmental Pollution 2018, 242, 565 -575.
AMA StyleA. Monteiro, M. Russo, C. Gama, C. Borrego. How important are maritime emissions for the air quality: At European and national scale. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 242 ():565-575.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Monteiro; M. Russo; C. Gama; C. Borrego. 2018. "How important are maritime emissions for the air quality: At European and national scale." Environmental Pollution 242, no. : 565-575.
Alexandra Monteiro; Michael Russo; Carla Gama; Carlos Borrego. IMPACT OF SO2 SHIPPING EMISSIONS ON AIR QUALITY: THE AIRSHIP PROJECT. Air Pollution XXVI 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleAlexandra Monteiro, Michael Russo, Carla Gama, Carlos Borrego. IMPACT OF SO2 SHIPPING EMISSIONS ON AIR QUALITY: THE AIRSHIP PROJECT. Air Pollution XXVI. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandra Monteiro; Michael Russo; Carla Gama; Carlos Borrego. 2018. "IMPACT OF SO2 SHIPPING EMISSIONS ON AIR QUALITY: THE AIRSHIP PROJECT." Air Pollution XXVI , no. : 1.
A. Monteiro; Michael Russo; Carla Gama; M. Lopes; C. Borrego. How economic crisis influence air quality over Portugal (Lisbon and Porto)? Atmospheric Pollution Research 2018, 9, 439 -445.
AMA StyleA. Monteiro, Michael Russo, Carla Gama, M. Lopes, C. Borrego. How economic crisis influence air quality over Portugal (Lisbon and Porto)? Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2018; 9 (3):439-445.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Monteiro; Michael Russo; Carla Gama; M. Lopes; C. Borrego. 2018. "How economic crisis influence air quality over Portugal (Lisbon and Porto)?" Atmospheric Pollution Research 9, no. 3: 439-445.