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D. Hippolyte Affognon
West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF), Dakar B.P.48, Senegal

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Journal article
Published: 27 October 2020 in Sustainability
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Poverty among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa has been associated with low agricultural productivity emanating from gender yield gaps among other factors. Using data collected from smallholder groundnut producers in Nigeria, we analyzed the gender yield gap by applying the exogenous switching regression (ESR) model and Oaxaca–Blinder (OB) decomposition framework. Results from the two complementary approaches showed a significant gender yield gap in favor of male headed households (MHHs). The main and significant source of the gap was differences in resources/endowments. We found that involving female headed households (FHHs) in prerequisite yield augmenting activities like technology validation trials, testing, and demonstrations is critical in closing the existing yield gap.

ACS Style

Geoffrey Muricho; Jourdain Lokossou; Hippolyte Affognon; Benjamin Ahmed; Haile Desmae; Hakeem Ajeigbe; Michael Vabi; Jummai Yila; Essegbemon Akpo; Christopher Ojiewo. Estimating and Decomposing Groundnut Gender Yield Gap: Evidence from Rural Farming Households in Northern Nigeria. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8923 .

AMA Style

Geoffrey Muricho, Jourdain Lokossou, Hippolyte Affognon, Benjamin Ahmed, Haile Desmae, Hakeem Ajeigbe, Michael Vabi, Jummai Yila, Essegbemon Akpo, Christopher Ojiewo. Estimating and Decomposing Groundnut Gender Yield Gap: Evidence from Rural Farming Households in Northern Nigeria. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8923.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Geoffrey Muricho; Jourdain Lokossou; Hippolyte Affognon; Benjamin Ahmed; Haile Desmae; Hakeem Ajeigbe; Michael Vabi; Jummai Yila; Essegbemon Akpo; Christopher Ojiewo. 2020. "Estimating and Decomposing Groundnut Gender Yield Gap: Evidence from Rural Farming Households in Northern Nigeria." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8923.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2020 in Foods
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Edible insects are increasingly being considered as food and feed ingredients because of their rich nutrient content. Already, edible insect farming has taken-off in Africa, but quality and safety concerns call for simple, actionable hazard control mechanisms. We examined the effects of traditional processing techniques—boiling, toasting, solar-drying, oven-drying, boiling + oven-drying, boiling + solar-drying, toasting + oven-drying, toasting + solar-drying—on the proximate composition and microbiological quality of adult Acheta domesticus and Ruspolia differens, the prepupae of Hermetia illucens and 5th instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. Boiling, toasting, and drying decreased the dry matter crude fat by 0.8–51% in the order: toasting > boiling > oven-drying > solar-drying, whereas the protein contents increased by 1.2–22% following the same order. Boiling and toasting decreased aerobic mesophilic bacterial populations, lowered Staphylococcus aureus, and eliminated the yeasts and moulds, Lac+ enteric bacteria, and Salmonella. Oven-drying alone marginally lowered bacterial populations as well as yeast and moulds, whereas solar-drying alone had no effect on these parameters. Oven-drying of the boiled or toasted products increased the aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts but the products remained negative on Lac+ enteric bacteria and Salmonella. Traditional processing improves microbial safety but alters the nutritional value. Species- and treatment-specific patterns exist.

ACS Style

Dorothy N. Nyangena; Christopher Mutungi; Samuel Imathiu; John Kinyuru; Hippolyte Affognon; Sunday Ekesi; Dorothy Nakimbugwe; Komi K. M. Fiaboe. Effects of Traditional Processing Techniques on the Nutritional and Microbiological Quality of Four Edible Insect Species Used for Food and Feed in East Africa. Foods 2020, 9, 574 .

AMA Style

Dorothy N. Nyangena, Christopher Mutungi, Samuel Imathiu, John Kinyuru, Hippolyte Affognon, Sunday Ekesi, Dorothy Nakimbugwe, Komi K. M. Fiaboe. Effects of Traditional Processing Techniques on the Nutritional and Microbiological Quality of Four Edible Insect Species Used for Food and Feed in East Africa. Foods. 2020; 9 (5):574.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dorothy N. Nyangena; Christopher Mutungi; Samuel Imathiu; John Kinyuru; Hippolyte Affognon; Sunday Ekesi; Dorothy Nakimbugwe; Komi K. M. Fiaboe. 2020. "Effects of Traditional Processing Techniques on the Nutritional and Microbiological Quality of Four Edible Insect Species Used for Food and Feed in East Africa." Foods 9, no. 5: 574.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2019 in NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences
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This qualitative study on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among poultry and pond fish farmers from Kisii, Nakuru and Kirinyaga counties in Kenya was conducted to establish insect for feed interventions likely to reduce the cost of feeds in these enterprises and benefit women and men equitably. Data were collected through sex and enterprise type disaggregated focus group discussions with farmers. Poultry farming was more established than fish farming in all three counties. Women were more involved than men in poultry, and men more than women in fish, farming. For both enterprises, women did same number of chores as men except for fish in the dry season when women did more chores. For most chores, women worked longer than men. Men and women knew of many insects fed raw to chicken and fish. Men stated that insect fed chickens are bigger and women affirmed that they are tastier. For both enterprises, men mainly decided on allocation of money jointly with women, or alone. Women mainly decided on allocation of feeding resources. Because gender roles were more clearly defined in poultry enterprises, it would be more useful to start conducting gender targeted interventions with poultry farmers. Among the interventions recommended include insect farming technologies at the homestead for women and wild insect catching technologies for women and men. Surplus insects farmed / harvested can be sold to commercial feed processors through contractual arrangements between them and the producers. Advocacy interventions to prevent economically dormant men taking over insect rearing enterprises from women once they become profitable, and time saving technologies for use by time-poor women are also recommended.

ACS Style

Elizabeth Waithanji; D. Hippolyte Affognon; Sarah King’Ori; Gracious Diiro; Dorothy Nakimbugwe; Komi K.M. Fiaboe. Insects as feed: Gendered knowledge attitudes and practices among poultry and Pond Fish farmers in Kenya. NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 2019, 92, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Elizabeth Waithanji, D. Hippolyte Affognon, Sarah King’Ori, Gracious Diiro, Dorothy Nakimbugwe, Komi K.M. Fiaboe. Insects as feed: Gendered knowledge attitudes and practices among poultry and Pond Fish farmers in Kenya. NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences. 2019; 92 (1):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elizabeth Waithanji; D. Hippolyte Affognon; Sarah King’Ori; Gracious Diiro; Dorothy Nakimbugwe; Komi K.M. Fiaboe. 2019. "Insects as feed: Gendered knowledge attitudes and practices among poultry and Pond Fish farmers in Kenya." NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 92, no. 1: 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 12 July 2019 in Insects
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Hermetic technologies are being promoted in Africa as safer and more effective methods of grain storage on smallholder farms. However, farmers and policy makers lack knowledge of their efficacy in controlling major stored grain pests. An on-station study was conducted to evaluate the triple layer Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) airtight bags against two major storage insect pests. Two sets each of PICS, jute and polypropylene bags were filled with 50 kg maize grain per bag. Each set was replicated four times. One set of PICS bags was each infested with 50 insects each of the larger grain borer P. truncatus and the maize weevil S. zeamais; while the other set was not. One set of jute and polypropylene woven bags was treated with a cocktail of 1.6% Pirimiphos methyl and 0.3% Permethrin, serving as positive controls; while the remaining sets with untreated maize grain formed negative controls. Gas analysis in the PICS bags followed the expected trend with oxygen levels falling sharply below 10% and carbon dioxide increasing to almost 10% after 12 weeks hence resulting in insect death. After 16 weeks, increase in oxygen levels may be attributed to perforation of the bags from outside by the P. truncatus. Results showed that PICS bags were significantly (P < 0.05) superior to treated and untreated controls of polypropylene and jute bags in suppressing insect development, maize grain damage and weight loss during storage. Weight loss in polypropylene and jute bags reached 40% and 41%, respectively, at 24 weeks after storage compared to PICS (2.4–2.9%). These results demonstrate that PICS bags can be used to store maize against P. truncatus and S. zeamais attack.

ACS Style

Kimondo Mutambuki; Hippolyte Affognon; Paddy Likhayo; Dieudonne Baributsa. Evaluation of Purdue Improved Crop Storage Triple Layer Hermetic Storage Bag against Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Insects 2019, 10, 204 .

AMA Style

Kimondo Mutambuki, Hippolyte Affognon, Paddy Likhayo, Dieudonne Baributsa. Evaluation of Purdue Improved Crop Storage Triple Layer Hermetic Storage Bag against Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Insects. 2019; 10 (7):204.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kimondo Mutambuki; Hippolyte Affognon; Paddy Likhayo; Dieudonne Baributsa. 2019. "Evaluation of Purdue Improved Crop Storage Triple Layer Hermetic Storage Bag against Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Insects 10, no. 7: 204.

Journal article
Published: 12 April 2019 in Insects
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Grain production is an important component of food security in Kenya but due to environmental conditions that favor rapid growth of insect populations, farmers and other agricultural stakeholders face ongoing and novel challenges from crop and stored product pest insects. To assist development of methods to reduce economic losses from stored product insect pests in Kenya, acoustic, visual, and pitfall trap surveys were conducted in five grain storage warehouses. Two commercially available acoustic systems successfully detected the pests of greatest economic importance, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) and Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). Other insects of lesser economic importance also were observed in the visual surveys, including Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). This study demonstrated that the use of acoustic technology with visual surveys and pitfall traps can help managers to identify and target infestations within their warehouses, enabling them to reduce postharvest losses. With most warehouses being located in relatively noisy urban or peri-urban areas, background noise considerations are being incorporated into the design of future acoustic detectors for stored pest infestations. Kenya must import grain yearly to meet consumption needs; however, if the current yearly postharvest losses of 20–30% in warehouses decreased, import costs could be reduced considerably.

ACS Style

Anastasia Njoroge; Hippolyte Affognon; Uwe Richter; Oliver Hensel; Barukh Rohde; Davie Chen; Richard Mankin. Acoustic, Pitfall Trap, and Visual Surveys of Stored Product Insect Pests in Kenyan Warehouses. Insects 2019, 10, 105 .

AMA Style

Anastasia Njoroge, Hippolyte Affognon, Uwe Richter, Oliver Hensel, Barukh Rohde, Davie Chen, Richard Mankin. Acoustic, Pitfall Trap, and Visual Surveys of Stored Product Insect Pests in Kenyan Warehouses. Insects. 2019; 10 (4):105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anastasia Njoroge; Hippolyte Affognon; Uwe Richter; Oliver Hensel; Barukh Rohde; Davie Chen; Richard Mankin. 2019. "Acoustic, Pitfall Trap, and Visual Surveys of Stored Product Insect Pests in Kenyan Warehouses." Insects 10, no. 4: 105.