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Humulus lupulus L. is a long-lived, perennial, herbaceous, and dioecious climbing plant. The foremost producers in the European Union are Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovenia, and Spain. The Spanish cultivated area is concentrated in the province of León. Powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera macularis, menaces hop production and quality in all hop growing regions located in the Northern hemisphere, colonizing leaves, petioles, inflorescences, and finally cones. In this work, powdery mildew control was monitored, comparing nine fungicide strategies: five organics, two integrated disease management (IDM)-based, with and without Nutragreen® nanoscale carrier, and two conventional treatments (CON) with and without Nutragreen® nanoscale carrier. The organic treatments were able to diminish P. macularis on leaves, but no effect was observed in cones. CON treatments reduced the infection on leaves and cones and increased the cone quantity and quality. Likewise, IDM-based treatments provided satisfactory results as they diminished powdery mildew on leaves and cones. Finally, dose reduction using a Nutragreen® nanoscale carrier showed beneficial effects in the control of powdery mildew compared to the commercial dose. Hence, the use of nanoscale carries permits a 30% reduction in pesticide dose, which optimizes yield and hop quality, reduces risks linked to pesticides, and aids in compliance with public and international policy demands.
Alejandra Porteous-Álvarez; M. Maldonado-González; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Alicia Lorenzana; Ana Paniagua-García; Pedro Casquero. Green Strategies of Powdery Mildew Control in Hop: From Organic Products to Nanoscale Carriers. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 490 .
AMA StyleAlejandra Porteous-Álvarez, M. Maldonado-González, Sara Mayo-Prieto, Alicia Lorenzana, Ana Paniagua-García, Pedro Casquero. Green Strategies of Powdery Mildew Control in Hop: From Organic Products to Nanoscale Carriers. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (6):490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlejandra Porteous-Álvarez; M. Maldonado-González; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Alicia Lorenzana; Ana Paniagua-García; Pedro Casquero. 2021. "Green Strategies of Powdery Mildew Control in Hop: From Organic Products to Nanoscale Carriers." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6: 490.
Guzmán Carro-Huerga; Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Samuel Álvarez-García; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro Antonio Casquero Luelmo. USO DE NUTRAGREEN® COMO TRANSPORTADOR COLOIDAL PARA REDUCIR EL USO DE FERTILIZANTES Y PESTICIDAS EN PERAL. Agrárias: Pesquisa e Inovação nas Ciências que Alimentam o Mundo V 2021, 220 -227.
AMA StyleGuzmán Carro-Huerga, Álvaro Rodríguez-González, Sara Mayo-Prieto, Samuel Álvarez-García, Santiago Gutiérrez, Pedro Antonio Casquero Luelmo. USO DE NUTRAGREEN® COMO TRANSPORTADOR COLOIDAL PARA REDUCIR EL USO DE FERTILIZANTES Y PESTICIDAS EN PERAL. Agrárias: Pesquisa e Inovação nas Ciências que Alimentam o Mundo V. 2021; ():220-227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuzmán Carro-Huerga; Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Samuel Álvarez-García; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro Antonio Casquero Luelmo. 2021. "USO DE NUTRAGREEN® COMO TRANSPORTADOR COLOIDAL PARA REDUCIR EL USO DE FERTILIZANTES Y PESTICIDAS EN PERAL." Agrárias: Pesquisa e Inovação nas Ciências que Alimentam o Mundo V , no. : 220-227.
The interest in the study of microbiological interactions mediated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has steadily increased in the last few years. Nevertheless, most assays still rely on the use of non-specific materials. We present a new tool, the volatile organic compound chamber (VOC chamber), specifically designed to perform these experiments. The novel devices were tested using four Trichoderma strains against Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. We demonstrate that VOC chambers provide higher sensitivity and selectivity between treatments and higher homogeneity of results than the traditional method. VOC chambers are also able to test both vented and non-vented conditions. We prove that ventilation plays a very important role regarding volatile interactions, up to the point that some growth-inhibitory effects observed in closed environments switch to promoting ones when tested in vented conditions. This promoting activity seems to be related to the accumulation of squalene by T. harzianum. The VOC chambers proved to be an easy, homogeneous, flexible, and repeatable method, able to better select microorganisms with high biocontrol activity and to guide the future identification of new bioactive VOCs and their role in microbial interactions.
Samuel Álvarez-García; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Guzmán Carro-Huerga; Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Óscar González-López; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro Casquero. Volatile Organic Compound Chamber: A Novel Technology for Microbiological Volatile Interaction Assays. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 248 .
AMA StyleSamuel Álvarez-García, Sara Mayo-Prieto, Guzmán Carro-Huerga, Álvaro Rodríguez-González, Óscar González-López, Santiago Gutiérrez, Pedro Casquero. Volatile Organic Compound Chamber: A Novel Technology for Microbiological Volatile Interaction Assays. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (4):248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuel Álvarez-García; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Guzmán Carro-Huerga; Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Óscar González-López; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro Casquero. 2021. "Volatile Organic Compound Chamber: A Novel Technology for Microbiological Volatile Interaction Assays." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 4: 248.
Fungi from the genus Trichoderma have a worldwide distribution and are commonly found in agricultural lands. Further, it has been described as a non-virulent and symbiont microorganism that can contribute to minimize the pernicious effects of pathogens. In the present work we have isolated Trichoderma spp. from bark of grapevine in different orchards in order to determine the influence of fungicide application and vine age on Trichoderma diversity in plant. An opposite correlation between the number of fungicides sprayed per campaign and the diversity of Trichoderma spp. isolates was found. Moreover, the older are grapevine plants the higher is the diversity of Trichoderma spp. isolates. The different Trichoderma strains isolated were tested against Phaeoacremonium minimum, a grapevine trunk pathogen, to evaluate their biocontrol capacity. Three Trichoderma strains shown a significant capacity to control P. minimum and were selected as candidates to be used as biological control agents. In addition, a rapid and easy method for isolating Trichoderma spp. from grapevine plants has been developed, which allowed to determine that the reduction in the amount of pesticide use, together with the preservation of old vineyards, lead to healthier agroecosystems containing higher levels of beneficial microorganisms.
Guzmán Carro-Huerga; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Óscar González-López; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro Casquero. Influence of Fungicide Application and Vine Age on Trichoderma Diversity as Source of Biological Control Agents. Agronomy 2021, 11, 446 .
AMA StyleGuzmán Carro-Huerga, Sara Mayo-Prieto, Álvaro Rodríguez-González, Óscar González-López, Santiago Gutiérrez, Pedro Casquero. Influence of Fungicide Application and Vine Age on Trichoderma Diversity as Source of Biological Control Agents. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):446.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuzmán Carro-Huerga; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Óscar González-López; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro Casquero. 2021. "Influence of Fungicide Application and Vine Age on Trichoderma Diversity as Source of Biological Control Agents." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 446.
Spain has ranked 6th on the harvested bean area and 8th in bean production in the European Union (EU). The soils of this area have mixed silt loam and sandy loam texture, with moderate clay content, neutral or acidic pH, rich in organic matter and low carbonate levels, providing beans with high water absorption capacity and better organoleptic qualities after cooking. Similar to other crops, it is attacked by some phytopathogens. Hitherto, chemical methods have been used to control these organisms. However, with the Reform of the Community Agrarian Policy in the EU, the number of authorized plant protection products has been reduced to prevail food security, as well as to be sustainable in the long term, giving priority to the non-chemical methods that use biological agents, such as Trichoderma. This study aimed to investigate the relative importance of various crop soil parameters in the adaptation of Trichoderma spp. autoclaved soils (AS) and natural soils (NS) from the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) “Alubia La Bañeza—León” that were inoculated with Trichoderma velutinum T029 and T. harzianum T059 and incubated in a culture chamber at 25 °C for 15 days. Their development was determined by quantitative PCR. Twelve soil samples were selected and analyzed from the productive zones of Astorga, La Bañeza, La Cabrera, Esla-Campos and Páramo. Their physicochemical characteristics were different by zone, as the texture of soils ranged between sandy loam and silt loam and the pH between strongly acid and slightly alkaline, as well as the organic matter (OM) concentration between low and remarkably high. Total C and N concentrations and their ratio were between medium and high in most of the soils and the rest of the micronutrients had an acceptable concentration except for Paramo’s soil. Both Trichoderma species developed better in AS than in NS, T. velutinum T029 grew better with high levels of OM, total C, ratio C:N, P, K, Fe, and Zn than T. harzianum T059 in clay soils, with the highest values of cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, Ca, Mg and Mn. These effects were validated by Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), texture, particularly clay concentration, OM, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH (physical parameters) and B and Cu (soil elements) are the main factors explaining the influence in the Trichoderma development. OM, EC, C:N ratio and Cu are the main soil characteristics that influence in T. velutinum T029 development and pH in the development of T. harzianum T059.
Sara Mayo-Prieto; Alejandra Porteous-Álvarez; Sergio Mezquita-García; Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Guzmán Carro-Huerga; Sara del Ser-Herrero; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro Casquero. Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of Bean Crop Soil in Trichoderma spp. Development. Agronomy 2021, 11, 274 .
AMA StyleSara Mayo-Prieto, Alejandra Porteous-Álvarez, Sergio Mezquita-García, Álvaro Rodríguez-González, Guzmán Carro-Huerga, Sara del Ser-Herrero, Santiago Gutiérrez, Pedro Casquero. Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of Bean Crop Soil in Trichoderma spp. Development. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Mayo-Prieto; Alejandra Porteous-Álvarez; Sergio Mezquita-García; Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Guzmán Carro-Huerga; Sara del Ser-Herrero; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro Casquero. 2021. "Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of Bean Crop Soil in Trichoderma spp. Development." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 274.
Fungal species from the genus Fusarium are important soil-borne pathogens worldwide, causing significant economic losses in diverse crops. The need to find sustainable solutions against this disease has led to the development of new strategies—for instance, the use of biocontrol agents. In this regard, non-pathogenic Fusarium isolates have demonstrated their ability to help other plants withstand subsequent pathogen attacks. In the present work, several Fusarium isolates were evaluated in climatic chambers to identify those presenting low or non-pathogenic behavior. The inoculation with a low-pathogenic isolate of the fungus did not affect the development of the plant, contrary to the results observed in plants inoculated with pathogenic isolates. The expression of defense-related genes was evaluated and compared between plants inoculated with pathogenic and low-pathogenic Fusarium isolates. Low-pathogenic isolates caused a general downregulation of several plant defense-related genes, while pathogenic ones produced an upregulation of these genes. This kind of response to low-pathogenic fungal isolates has been already described for other plant species and fungal pathogens, being related to enhanced tolerance to later pathogen attacks. The results here presented suggest that low-pathogenic F. oxysporum and F. solani isolates may have potential biocontrol activity against bean pathogens via induced and systemic responses in the plant.
Alejandra J. Porteous-Álvarez; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Samuel Álvarez-García; Bonifacio Reinoso; Pedro A. Casquero. Genetic Response of Common Bean to the Inoculation with Indigenous Fusarium Isolates. Journal of Fungi 2020, 6, 228 .
AMA StyleAlejandra J. Porteous-Álvarez, Sara Mayo-Prieto, Samuel Álvarez-García, Bonifacio Reinoso, Pedro A. Casquero. Genetic Response of Common Bean to the Inoculation with Indigenous Fusarium Isolates. Journal of Fungi. 2020; 6 (4):228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlejandra J. Porteous-Álvarez; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Samuel Álvarez-García; Bonifacio Reinoso; Pedro A. Casquero. 2020. "Genetic Response of Common Bean to the Inoculation with Indigenous Fusarium Isolates." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4: 228.
Self-inhibitory processes are a common feature shared by different organisms. One of the main mechanisms involved in these interactions regarding microorganisms is the release of toxic diffusible substances into the environment. These metabolites can exert both antimicrobial effects against other organisms as well as self-inhibitory ones. The in vitro evaluation of these effects against other organisms has been widely used to identify potential biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, we performed membrane assays to compare the self-inhibitory effects of soluble metabolites produced by several Trichoderma isolates and their antifungal activity against a phytopathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum. The results demonstrated that Trichoderma spp. present a high self-inhibitory activity in vitro, being affected in both their growth rate and the macroscopic structure of their colonies. These effects were highly similar to those exerted against F. oxysporum in the same conditions, showing no significant differences in most cases. Consequently, membrane assays may not be very informative by themselves to assess putative biocontrol capabilities. Therefore, different methods, or a combination of antifungal and self-inhibitory experiments, could be a better approach to evaluate the potential biocontrol activity of microbial strains in order to pre-select them for further in vivo trials.
Samuel Álvarez-García; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro Antonio Casquero. Self-Inhibitory Activity of Trichoderma Soluble Metabolites and Their Antifungal Effects on Fusarium oxysporum. Journal of Fungi 2020, 6, 176 .
AMA StyleSamuel Álvarez-García, Sara Mayo-Prieto, Santiago Gutiérrez, Pedro Antonio Casquero. Self-Inhibitory Activity of Trichoderma Soluble Metabolites and Their Antifungal Effects on Fusarium oxysporum. Journal of Fungi. 2020; 6 (3):176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuel Álvarez-García; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro Antonio Casquero. 2020. "Self-Inhibitory Activity of Trichoderma Soluble Metabolites and Their Antifungal Effects on Fusarium oxysporum." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 3: 176.
Trichoderma strains used in biological control products usually exhibit high efficiency in the control of plant diseases. However, their behavior under field conditions is difficult to predict. In addition, the potential of indigenous strains has been poorly assayed as well as their possible behavior as endophytes. Hence, niche colonization is a key feature for an effective protection. In this study, we aimed to: (i) explore the possibility of using a new Trichoderma strain isolated from vine to control pathogens, (ii) study the in planta interaction with the pathogen Phaeoacremonium minimum W. Gams, Crous, M.J. Wingf. & L. Mugnai (formerly Phaeoacremonium aleophilum), a pioneer fungus involved in Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) such as esca. For this purpose, fluorescently tagged Trichoderma sp. T154 and a P. minimum strain were used for scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy analyses. Data showed that the Trichoderma strain is able to colonize plants up to 12 weeks post inoculation and is located in xylem, fibers, as well as in parenchymatic tissues inside the wood. The beneficial fungus reduced colonization of the esca-related pathogen colonizing the same niches. The main observed mechanism involved in biocontrol of Trichoderma against the esca pathogen was spore adhesion, niche exclusion and only few typical hypha coiling was found between Trichoderma and the pathogen. These results suggest that the Trichoderma strain has potential for reducing the colonization of Phaeoacremonium minimum and thus, an inoculation of this biological control agent can protect the plant by limiting the development of GTD, and the strain can behave as an endophyte.
Guzmán Carro-Huerga; Stéphane Compant; Markus Gorfer; Rosa E. Cardoza; Monika Schmoll; Santiago Gutierrez; Pedro A. Casquero. Colonization of Vitis vinifera L. by the Endophyte Trichoderma sp. Strain T154: Biocontrol Activity Against Phaeoacremonium minimum. Frontiers in Plant Science 2020, 11, 1170 .
AMA StyleGuzmán Carro-Huerga, Stéphane Compant, Markus Gorfer, Rosa E. Cardoza, Monika Schmoll, Santiago Gutierrez, Pedro A. Casquero. Colonization of Vitis vinifera L. by the Endophyte Trichoderma sp. Strain T154: Biocontrol Activity Against Phaeoacremonium minimum. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020; 11 ():1170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuzmán Carro-Huerga; Stéphane Compant; Markus Gorfer; Rosa E. Cardoza; Monika Schmoll; Santiago Gutierrez; Pedro A. Casquero. 2020. "Colonization of Vitis vinifera L. by the Endophyte Trichoderma sp. Strain T154: Biocontrol Activity Against Phaeoacremonium minimum." Frontiers in Plant Science 11, no. : 1170.
The number of plants produced in horticultural substrates has increased over the last decade. These substrates are to have some physicochemical and phytosanitary characteristics that allow for optimal growth. Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn is one of the root and hypocotyl diseases that frequently develops in seedbeds causing severe economic losses worldwide. The aim of this work was to evaluate the substrates and additives used in bean plantlets and the R. solani disease severity. The use of vermiculite or peat did not affect bean germination percentage, but peat promoted the development of the aerial part and vermiculite improved the growth of the root system. R. solani reduced bean germination percentage and bean growth in both peat and vermiculite. The presence of additives (bentonite and/or cornmeal) in the substrates (vermiculite or peat) reduced bean germination and development, favouring the severity of R. solani. However, the addition of cornmeal improves bean dry weight of the aerial part. So, whenever it is necessary to add additives to the substrates to improve the installation and development of a biocontrol agent, such as Trichoderma harzianum, the mix of peat and cornmeal would improve the development of both bean and biocontrol agent.
Sara Mayo-Prieto; Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Alicia Lorenzana; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro A. Casquero. Influence of Substrates in the Development of Bean and in Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn. Agronomy 2020, 10, 707 .
AMA StyleSara Mayo-Prieto, Álvaro Rodríguez-González, Alicia Lorenzana, Santiago Gutiérrez, Pedro A. Casquero. Influence of Substrates in the Development of Bean and in Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (5):707.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Mayo-Prieto; Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Alicia Lorenzana; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro A. Casquero. 2020. "Influence of Substrates in the Development of Bean and in Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn." Agronomy 10, no. 5: 707.
Rationale Biocontrol strains are able to activate defense genes and to promote plant growth. Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the development of Trichoderma sp. in substrates with additives by qPCR quantification. Methods T. harzianum, T019 isolated from the Protected Geographical Indication “Alubia La Bañeza – León” was tested in peat and vermiculite with and without additives. The development was evaluated by qPCR with α‐actin gene and a standard curve. Statistical analysis was performed using an analysis of variance and mean completely randomized. Results The qPCR technique has served to quantify precisely the growth of Trichoderma in the different substrates. T. harzianum develops better in the peat substrates supplemented with cornmeal and with a mixture of cornmeal and bentonite than in any of the vermiculate‐based substrates. Conclusions T. harzianum development was improved by growing in peat substrates supplemented with cornmeal. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Sara Mayo‐Prieto; Alejandra J. Porteous‐Álvarez; Álvaro Rodríguez‐González; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro A. Casquero. Evaluation of substrates and additives to Trichoderma harzianum development by qPCR. Agronomy Journal 2020, 112, 3188 -3194.
AMA StyleSara Mayo‐Prieto, Alejandra J. Porteous‐Álvarez, Álvaro Rodríguez‐González, Santiago Gutiérrez, Pedro A. Casquero. Evaluation of substrates and additives to Trichoderma harzianum development by qPCR. Agronomy Journal. 2020; 112 (4):3188-3194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Mayo‐Prieto; Alejandra J. Porteous‐Álvarez; Álvaro Rodríguez‐González; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro A. Casquero. 2020. "Evaluation of substrates and additives to Trichoderma harzianum development by qPCR." Agronomy Journal 112, no. 4: 3188-3194.
The bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), causes severe post-harvest losses in the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. The control of this insect is still poor and involves the use of conventional insecticides. There is an increasing demand in the search for new active substances and products for pest control towards reduction of adverse effects on human health and the environment. The protection of grains with alternative products, such as essential oils, is a possible alternative to meet the needs described above. Therefore, this investigation evaluated the applications of basil, Ocimum basilicum, and citronella, Cymbopogon winterianus, essential oils for A. obtectus control. These essential oils significantly reduced the bean weight losses and the number of beans damaged by A. obtectus at higher doses than 60 or 120 μL/sample. The number of holes per bean did not differ between the doses of basil essential oil, not even at the dose of 60 μL, while it was higher at 120 μL, probably due to a lower capacity of movement of the insects treated with this dose and/or the oil’s direct or indirect effects on the insects. Basil and citronella oils exhibited similar patterns of insecticidal activity over the insect, both directly in adult insects or indirectly over bean seeds. These essential oils affected the development of A. obtectus since the greatest doses applied on beans decreased the emergence of the bean weevil. The results prove the insecticidal capacity of the tested essential oils and hence their potential as active substances against A. obtectus in environmentally low risk pest control strategies. Supplementary trials should be conducted under real storage conditions.
Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Samuel Álvarez-García; Óscar González-López; Franceli Da Silva; Pedro A. Casquero. Insecticidal Properties of Ocimum basilicum and Cymbopogon winterianus against Acanthoscelides obtectus, Insect Pest of the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). Insects 2019, 10, 151 .
AMA StyleÁlvaro Rodríguez-González, Samuel Álvarez-García, Óscar González-López, Franceli Da Silva, Pedro A. Casquero. Insecticidal Properties of Ocimum basilicum and Cymbopogon winterianus against Acanthoscelides obtectus, Insect Pest of the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). Insects. 2019; 10 (5):151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvaro Rodríguez-González; Samuel Álvarez-García; Óscar González-López; Franceli Da Silva; Pedro A. Casquero. 2019. "Insecticidal Properties of Ocimum basilicum and Cymbopogon winterianus against Acanthoscelides obtectus, Insect Pest of the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.)." Insects 10, no. 5: 151.
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important food legume crops worldwide that is affected by phytopathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia solani. Biological control represents an effective alternative method for the use of conventional synthetic chemical pesticides for crop protection. Trichoderma spp. have been successfully used in agriculture both to control fungal diseases and to promote plant growth. The response of the plant to the invasion of fungi activates defensive resistance responses by inducing the expression of genes and producing secondary metabolites. The purpose of this work was to analyze the changes in the bean metabolome that occur during its interaction with pathogenic (R. solani) and antagonistic (T. velutinum) fungi. In this work, 216 compounds were characterized by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis but only 36 were noted as significantly different in the interaction in comparison to control plants and they were tentatively characterized. These compounds were classified as: two amino acids, three peptides, one carbohydrate, one glycoside, one fatty acid, two lipids, 17 flavonoids, four phenols and four terpenes. This work is the first attempt to determine how the presence of T. velutinum and/or R. solani affect the defense response of bean plants using untargeted metabolomics analysis.
Sara Mayo-Prieto; Roberta Marra; Francesco Vinale; Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Sheridan L. Woo; Matteo Lorito; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro A. Casquero. Effect of Trichoderma velutinum and Rhizoctonia solani on the Metabolome of Bean Plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 549 .
AMA StyleSara Mayo-Prieto, Roberta Marra, Francesco Vinale, Álvaro Rodríguez-González, Sheridan L. Woo, Matteo Lorito, Santiago Gutiérrez, Pedro A. Casquero. Effect of Trichoderma velutinum and Rhizoctonia solani on the Metabolome of Bean Plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (3):549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Mayo-Prieto; Roberta Marra; Francesco Vinale; Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Sheridan L. Woo; Matteo Lorito; Santiago Gutiérrez; Pedro A. Casquero. 2019. "Effect of Trichoderma velutinum and Rhizoctonia solani on the Metabolome of Bean Plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3: 549.
The outcome of direct seeding is influenced by sowing technology and residue management, and by water disposal in semiarid conditions. Most studies regarding direct seeding include little information about the amount of residue at sowing time. This paper shows the results of a no-till seeding of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with different levels of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw. Experiments were carried out from 2012 to 2015, and treatments consisted of three different wheat straw levels to represent three common scenarios depending on the way farmers manage straw. Bulk density and soil moisture content were measured at three different stages: germination, anthesis, and tillering. Measurements included sowing depth, emergence rate, yield, and harvest index. Soil moisture was related to residue level, with higher soil moisture in plots with higher amounts of straw, reaching a maximum increase of 39% in 2015 at the stage of tillering, when minimum water content was present. Similarly, the lower significant differences in soil water content between residue levels were found when soil had higher water content values. Emergence rate was affected by residue level in all years, and rates had a maximum variation in 2013 when they ranged between 31.7% in the highest level of residues and 81.8% in residue removed plots. Yield was affected by residue level, mainly in years 2013 and 2014 when the lowest production of grain took place, with a minimum of 35% decrease in plots with highest amount of straw. No effect on harvest index was observed in this experiment. A higher amount of residues positively affected soil water content, but it decreased plant emergence rate. Consequently, yield was negatively affected by the level of residue cover. Therefore, removing excessive crop residues in spring barley can be a good practice in rainfed conditions and warm Mediterranean climates.
F.J. López; P. Pastrana; Pedro Casquero. Soil physical properties and crop response in direct seeding of spring barley as affected by wheat straw level. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 2018, 74, 51 -58.
AMA StyleF.J. López, P. Pastrana, Pedro Casquero. Soil physical properties and crop response in direct seeding of spring barley as affected by wheat straw level. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 2018; 74 (1):51-58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF.J. López; P. Pastrana; Pedro Casquero. 2018. "Soil physical properties and crop response in direct seeding of spring barley as affected by wheat straw level." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 74, no. 1: 51-58.
The cultivation of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) has extended worldwide, with great economic importance. From this crop, we can obtain grapes for fresh consumption, raisins, juices, wine, and other derived products. The cultivation of grapevines also generates some byproducts, such as seeds, skins, wood and leaves. The leaves can be removed from the plant, as is common agricultural practice, to improve the production and quality of the grapes at certain periods in the crop cycle. In the present work, the phytochemical composition (total phenols content, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives and flavonols) and antioxidant potential (reducing power, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging capacity) of grapevine leaves from cv. Touriga Nacional were evaluated. The studied cultivar was under three severities of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI60, RDI40, and RDI20; providing 60, 40 and 20% of reference evapotranspiration, respectively) and non-irrigation (NI; exclusively rain-fed), in a vineyard located in the Demarcated Douro Region (Portugal). The leaves were collected at three different phenological stages: veraison, maturation, and grape harvest. For the first time, the interactions between different irrigation regimes and the collection period were evaluated on grapevine leaves. The results obtained for the phytochemical composition revealed that increasing irrigation reduced total phenols content, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives, and flavonols in all of the phenological stages studied. For instance, compared to that of the control treatment (NI), the total phenols content reduced 19% in RDI20 (from 189 mg GAE g−1 to 153 mg GAE g−1), 28% in RDI40 (136 mg GAE g−1), and 33% in RDI60 (127 mg GAE g−1). The antioxidant activity suffered a reduction when the irrigation amount was increased for all assays. Additionally, the antioxidant activity suffered a reduction over time, presenting higher values in veraison. For harvest sampling, the loss of antioxidant activity was more notable, with EC50 values varying between 0.092 mg mL−1 (NI) and 0.187 mg mL−1 (RDI60). Altogether, the results suggest that grapevine leaves are a potential source of natural compounds with valuable antioxidant properties that could be explored by the pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries.
David Barreales; Ricardo Malheiro; José Alberto Pereira; João Verdial; Albino António Bento; Pedro Casquero; António Castro Ribeiro. Effects of irrigation and collection period on grapevine leaf (Vitis vinifera L. var. Touriga Nacional): Evaluation of the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties. Scientia Horticulturae 2018, 245, 74 -81.
AMA StyleDavid Barreales, Ricardo Malheiro, José Alberto Pereira, João Verdial, Albino António Bento, Pedro Casquero, António Castro Ribeiro. Effects of irrigation and collection period on grapevine leaf (Vitis vinifera L. var. Touriga Nacional): Evaluation of the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties. Scientia Horticulturae. 2018; 245 ():74-81.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Barreales; Ricardo Malheiro; José Alberto Pereira; João Verdial; Albino António Bento; Pedro Casquero; António Castro Ribeiro. 2018. "Effects of irrigation and collection period on grapevine leaf (Vitis vinifera L. var. Touriga Nacional): Evaluation of the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties." Scientia Horticulturae 245, no. : 74-81.
Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an important pest in vineyards (Vitis vinifera) in the main wine-producing regions of Spain. Effective control of this pest is difficult due to the biology of this pest. Biological control agents (BCAs) have proven to be an effective tool in controlling and preventing the spread of a variety of plant pests and diseases. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to assess the capacity of different Trichodema spp., isolated from various vineyards and one commercial isolate of Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), as BCAs of X. arvicola. Isolates of Trichoderma spp. and one isolate of B. bassiana were evaluated against X. arvicola eggs, larvae and adults. Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma gamsii demonstrated a good ovicidal control, 100.0% with T. harzianum and over 92.0% with T. gamsii. These Trichoderma strains achieved an over 65.0% larval mortality and 87.5% adult mortality. B. bassiana was the most effective treatment against X. arvicola larvae. These results confirm that Trichoderma spp. can be used to inhibit egg development. In addition, Trichoderma spp. and B. bassiana can help to prevent larvae boring into vines and to kill adults. Therefore, Trichoderma spp., especially T. harzianum and T. gamsii, and B. bassiana can be considered as highly effective BCAs of X. arvicola in vineyards.
Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Guzmán Carro-Huerga; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Alicia Lorenzana; Santiago Gutiérrez; Horacio J Peláez; Pedro Casquero. Investigations of Trichoderma spp. and Beauveria bassiana as biological control agent for Xylotrechus arvicola, a major insect pest in Spanish vineyards. Journal of Economic Entomology 2018, 111, 2585 -2591.
AMA StyleÁlvaro Rodríguez-González, Guzmán Carro-Huerga, Sara Mayo-Prieto, Alicia Lorenzana, Santiago Gutiérrez, Horacio J Peláez, Pedro Casquero. Investigations of Trichoderma spp. and Beauveria bassiana as biological control agent for Xylotrechus arvicola, a major insect pest in Spanish vineyards. Journal of Economic Entomology. 2018; 111 (6):2585-2591.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvaro Rodríguez-González; Guzmán Carro-Huerga; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Alicia Lorenzana; Santiago Gutiérrez; Horacio J Peláez; Pedro Casquero. 2018. "Investigations of Trichoderma spp. and Beauveria bassiana as biological control agent for Xylotrechus arvicola, a major insect pest in Spanish vineyards." Journal of Economic Entomology 111, no. 6: 2585-2591.
Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Pedro Casquero; Víctor Suárez-Villanueva; Guzmán Carro-Huerga; Samuel Álvarez-García; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Alicia Lorenzana; Rosa Elena Cardoza; Santiago Gutierrez. Effect of trichodiene production by Trichoderma harzianum on Acanthoscelides obtectus. Journal of Stored Products Research 2018, 77, 231 -239.
AMA StyleÁlvaro Rodríguez-González, Pedro Casquero, Víctor Suárez-Villanueva, Guzmán Carro-Huerga, Samuel Álvarez-García, Sara Mayo-Prieto, Alicia Lorenzana, Rosa Elena Cardoza, Santiago Gutierrez. Effect of trichodiene production by Trichoderma harzianum on Acanthoscelides obtectus. Journal of Stored Products Research. 2018; 77 ():231-239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvaro Rodríguez-González; Pedro Casquero; Víctor Suárez-Villanueva; Guzmán Carro-Huerga; Samuel Álvarez-García; Sara Mayo-Prieto; Alicia Lorenzana; Rosa Elena Cardoza; Santiago Gutierrez. 2018. "Effect of trichodiene production by Trichoderma harzianum on Acanthoscelides obtectus." Journal of Stored Products Research 77, no. : 231-239.
Background and Aims An important factor for the success of a mass capture strategy to control cerambycids involves the selection of an effective trap–lure combination. Therefore, the aim was the evaluation of traps with lures and their efficacy for monitoring and mass trapping of Xylotrechus arvicola. Methods and Results Three trap types, Crosstrap, Delta and Screen‐adhesive, with lures baited with ethanol, were evaluated during 4 years in vineyards of two cultivars. The Crosstrap obtained the greatest catches during 2013 in Tempranillo (29.6 adults/trap) and Prieto Picudo (12.9 adults/trap). All trap types showed similar periods of greatest catches in both cultivars. Conclusions The Crosstrap achieved the greatest number of adults captured in both cultivars. The Delta and Screen‐adhesive had few catches. The Tempranillo has proved to be more susceptible to attack by this insect than Prieto Picudo. The capture period varies from 30 to 50 days in the same cultivar in different years. Low temperature during spring delays the appearance of adults. Significance of the Study The Crosstrap baited with ethanol captured the greatest number of X. arvicola adults. This trap can be used to improve monitoring of adult emergence and for controlling this pest by mass trapping.
A. Rodríguez-González; E. Sánchez-Maíllo; H.J. Peláez; S. Mayo; O. González-López; Guzmán Carro-Huerga; Pedro Casquero. Evaluation of commercial and prototype traps forXylotrechus arvicola(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an insect pest in Spanish vineyards. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 2017, 24, 190 -196.
AMA StyleA. Rodríguez-González, E. Sánchez-Maíllo, H.J. Peláez, S. Mayo, O. González-López, Guzmán Carro-Huerga, Pedro Casquero. Evaluation of commercial and prototype traps forXylotrechus arvicola(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an insect pest in Spanish vineyards. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research. 2017; 24 (2):190-196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Rodríguez-González; E. Sánchez-Maíllo; H.J. Peláez; S. Mayo; O. González-López; Guzmán Carro-Huerga; Pedro Casquero. 2017. "Evaluation of commercial and prototype traps forXylotrechus arvicola(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an insect pest in Spanish vineyards." Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 24, no. 2: 190-196.
Aims: Xylotrechus arvicola is an important pest in vineyards of the Iberian Peninsula. The action of X. arvicola larvae, associated to the spread of fungi, causes direct and indirect damage in the vineyard. Biological parameters from wild (captured in the field) and laboratory females (reared in the laboratory) were investigated to provide more information about the pest-control measures.Methods and results: The pre-laying period, post-laying period, longevity and egg laying parameters (fecundity, viability and number) were evaluated in wild and laboratory females. Both female groups (wild and laboratory) needed a short pre-laying period, which was longer in wild females. Laboratory females, whose larvae were reared on artificial diet, had the greatest fecundity during the 1st two egg layings. Wild females showed the greatest fecundity and viability of eggs during the 1st egg laying; these fecundity and viability rates decreased over time with the next egg layings, whereas in laboratory females, fecundity and viability decreased faster. Wild females had the greatest percentage of viable eggs in the 1st six egg layings (44.11% in the 1st and 11.15% in the 6th), reaching a maximum number of 18 egg layings in laboratory.Conclusions: These results suggest that the diet satisfies larval nutritional requirements, increasing production of laboratory females´ eggs (greatest fecundity in the 1st two egg layings). Nevertheless, this artificial diet may lack certain essential nutrients that would increase the viability of eggs.Significance and impact of the study: The host, a woody plant, would provide these essential nutrients when the larvae of wild females are developing in the field, these wild females being able to perform successive egg layings in laboratory with a high viability of eggs.
Alvaro Rodríguez-González; Sara Mayo; Óscar González-López; Horacio José Peláez; Pedro Casquero. Biological parameters of Xylotrechus arvicola females, an insect pest in Iberian Peninsula vineyards. OENO One 2017, 51, 373 .
AMA StyleAlvaro Rodríguez-González, Sara Mayo, Óscar González-López, Horacio José Peláez, Pedro Casquero. Biological parameters of Xylotrechus arvicola females, an insect pest in Iberian Peninsula vineyards. OENO One. 2017; 51 (4):373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlvaro Rodríguez-González; Sara Mayo; Óscar González-López; Horacio José Peláez; Pedro Casquero. 2017. "Biological parameters of Xylotrechus arvicola females, an insect pest in Iberian Peninsula vineyards." OENO One 51, no. 4: 373.
Xylotrechus arvicola is a pest of grape in some vine-producing regions of the Iberian Peninsula. Biological parameters and relationships (fecundity and percent fertility of eggs in relationship to body size) of females obtained in the laboratory and captured in vineyards were studied. In laboratory conditions, the mean developmental time of larvae ranged from 384 to 392 days and pupal stage varied between 12 to 14 days. Body size (BS) of X. arvicola females was significantly bigger than males. Fecundity was greater in the laboratory (147 eggs) than in the field (50 eggs) females, but the percent fertility of the laboratory eggs was lower (16 eggs). Laboratory females showed a bigger relationship between the production of eggs and BS than females captured in vineyards. Wild females (PDO Ribera del Duero and Tierra de León) had a positive relationship between the percent fertility of eggs and the BS. No correlation between the percent fertility of eggs and the BS was displayed by females captured in PDO Toro, but these females had a higher percent fertility (53 eggs) than the others PDO's. These biological parameters and relationships studied suggest that the artificial diet may lack certain essential nutrients that vine varieties can provide that favor the fertility of eggs. This explains why wild females have the potential to become a problem pest in the Tempranillo grape variety, with bilateral cordon and bush vines training systems that have the highest incidence of this cerambycid.
Álvaro Rodríguez-González; Horacio J. Peláez; Óscar González-López; Sara Mayo; Pedro A. Casquero. Effects of adults body size and larvae diet on the fecundity and percent fertility of eggs laid byXylotrechus arvicola(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) females, insect pest in Spanish vineyards. Entomological Research 2017, 48, 83 -91.
AMA StyleÁlvaro Rodríguez-González, Horacio J. Peláez, Óscar González-López, Sara Mayo, Pedro A. Casquero. Effects of adults body size and larvae diet on the fecundity and percent fertility of eggs laid byXylotrechus arvicola(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) females, insect pest in Spanish vineyards. Entomological Research. 2017; 48 (2):83-91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvaro Rodríguez-González; Horacio J. Peláez; Óscar González-López; Sara Mayo; Pedro A. Casquero. 2017. "Effects of adults body size and larvae diet on the fecundity and percent fertility of eggs laid byXylotrechus arvicola(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) females, insect pest in Spanish vineyards." Entomological Research 48, no. 2: 83-91.
A field trial was performed in a hop yard throughout 2002, 2003 and 2004 in order to determine the within-field distribution of Phorodon humuli (Schrank) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemies. The distribution of P. humuli was directly affected by the position of the hop plants in the garden, with significantly higher concentrations of aphids (p=0.0122 in 2002 and p=0.0006 in 2003) observed along the edge. However, in 2004 the plants located on the marginal plots had similar populations to those on the more inner plots. This can be explained by a higher wind speed which made it more difficult to land on edge plants first. The hop aphid’s main natural enemy was Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), whose population was greatest where the aphids were most abundant with a significantly greater number of eggs (p=0.0230) and adults (p=0.0245) in 2003. Lacewing eggs were also frequently observed, with a significantly higher population (p=0.0221 in 2003 and p=0.0046 in 2004) where the aphid numbers were high. The number of winged aphids was greatest towards the margins of the garden in 2003. It is argued that the spatial distribution of the hop aphid and its natural enemies could be used to plan a sampling program and to estimate the population densities of these insects for use in integrated pest management programs.
Alicia Lorenzana; Alfonso Hermoso De Mendoza; Victoria Seco; María Piedad Campelo-Rodríguez; Pedro A. Casquero. Within-field distribution of the damson-hop aphid Phorodon humuli (Schrank) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and natural enemies on hops in Spain. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2017, 15, e1006 .
AMA StyleAlicia Lorenzana, Alfonso Hermoso De Mendoza, Victoria Seco, María Piedad Campelo-Rodríguez, Pedro A. Casquero. Within-field distribution of the damson-hop aphid Phorodon humuli (Schrank) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and natural enemies on hops in Spain. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research. 2017; 15 (2):e1006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlicia Lorenzana; Alfonso Hermoso De Mendoza; Victoria Seco; María Piedad Campelo-Rodríguez; Pedro A. Casquero. 2017. "Within-field distribution of the damson-hop aphid Phorodon humuli (Schrank) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and natural enemies on hops in Spain." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 2: e1006.