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Marcin Steczek
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland

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Journal article
Published: 18 December 2020 in Energies
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The regenerative braking of railway vehicles is widely used in DC railway systems all over the world. This mode of operation provides an opportunity to reuse part of the energy consumed by vehicles, and makes the railway system more energy efficient. During regenerative braking, not only energy management is an issue, but also Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC issues, such as interference of generated current harmonics with a railway signaling system. In this paper, the selective harmonic elimination modulation technique (SHE-PWM) was introduced to the traction drive with a three-level inverter to reduce specific catenary current harmonics generated during regenerative braking. The simulation model of a traction drive appropriate for harmonics analysis was proposed and verified by the measurements in the low-power laboratory drive system. The model was re-scaled to the 3 kV DC system for further study. The model of an induction motor with electromotive force and the method of its calculation was proposed. Furthermore, an analysis of the braking chopper operation was carried out. The asymmetric control of braking chopper was proposed to reduce the current harmonics below limits during chopper operation.

ACS Style

Marcin Steczek; Piotr Chudzik; Adam Szeląg. Application of a Non-carrier-Based Modulation for Current Harmonics Spectrum Control during Regenerative Braking of the Electric Vehicle. Energies 2020, 13, 6686 .

AMA Style

Marcin Steczek, Piotr Chudzik, Adam Szeląg. Application of a Non-carrier-Based Modulation for Current Harmonics Spectrum Control during Regenerative Braking of the Electric Vehicle. Energies. 2020; 13 (24):6686.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcin Steczek; Piotr Chudzik; Adam Szeląg. 2020. "Application of a Non-carrier-Based Modulation for Current Harmonics Spectrum Control during Regenerative Braking of the Electric Vehicle." Energies 13, no. 24: 6686.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2020 in Energies
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In this paper, an application of the recently developed Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) for calculation of switching angles for Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) PWM in low-frequency voltage source inverter is proposed. The algorithm is based on insect behavior in the food foraging swarm of grasshoppers. The characteristic feature of GOA is the movement of agents is based on the position of all agents in the swarm. This method represents a higher probability of convergence than Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Modifications of GOA have been examined regarding their effect on the algorithm’s convergence. The proposed modifications were based on the following techniques: Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Natural Selection (NS), Adaptive Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (AGOA), and Opposite Based Learning (OBL). The performance of GOA and its modifications were compared with well-known PSO. Areas, where GOA is superior to PSO in terms of probability of convergence, have been shown. The efficiency of the GOA algorithm applied for solving the SHE problem was confirmed by measurements in the laboratory.

ACS Style

Marcin Steczek; Włodzimierz Jefimowski; Adam Szeląg. Application of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for Selective Harmonics Elimination in Low-Frequency Voltage Source Inverter. Energies 2020, 13, 6426 .

AMA Style

Marcin Steczek, Włodzimierz Jefimowski, Adam Szeląg. Application of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for Selective Harmonics Elimination in Low-Frequency Voltage Source Inverter. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6426.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcin Steczek; Włodzimierz Jefimowski; Adam Szeląg. 2020. "Application of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for Selective Harmonics Elimination in Low-Frequency Voltage Source Inverter." Energies 13, no. 23: 6426.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2020 in Energy
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This paper addresses the concept of vanadium redox flow batteries as stationary energy storage for achieving optimum parameters of energy and cost-effectiveness in transportation microgrids. Such energy storage has two main purposes: to utilize the energy recovered from braking trains, and shave power peaks. With abovementioned purposes, economic feasibility is the main driver of measures to optimize the battery parameters, including joint energy and power capacity, as well as and energy management strategy parameters. The optimization results obtained from the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm were compared, and the comparison demonstrates that the second method operates more sufficiently. The case study shows that the implementation of the proposed battery system in a traction substation allows one to achieve approximately 7 year payback period and decrease peak power and daily consumption by 581 kW and 1.77 MWh, respectively. In addition, sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the impact of certain factors and battery parameters on the resulting payback period. The results show that the effect of deviation of energy management strategy parameters from optimum values on payback period is four times more profound than deviation of battery parameters, which demonstrates how important energy management strategy is.

ACS Style

Włodzimierz Jefimowski; Adam Szeląg; Marcin Steczek; Anatolii Nikitenko. Vanadium redox flow battery parameters optimization in a transportation microgrid: A case study. Energy 2020, 195, 116943 .

AMA Style

Włodzimierz Jefimowski, Adam Szeląg, Marcin Steczek, Anatolii Nikitenko. Vanadium redox flow battery parameters optimization in a transportation microgrid: A case study. Energy. 2020; 195 ():116943.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Włodzimierz Jefimowski; Adam Szeląg; Marcin Steczek; Anatolii Nikitenko. 2020. "Vanadium redox flow battery parameters optimization in a transportation microgrid: A case study." Energy 195, no. : 116943.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2019 in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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ACS Style

Marcin Steczek; Piotr Chudzik; Miroslaw Lewandowski; Adam Szelag. PSO-Based Optimization of DC-Link Current Harmonics in Traction VSI for an Electric Vehicle. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2019, 67, 8197 -8208.

AMA Style

Marcin Steczek, Piotr Chudzik, Miroslaw Lewandowski, Adam Szelag. PSO-Based Optimization of DC-Link Current Harmonics in Traction VSI for an Electric Vehicle. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2019; 67 (10):8197-8208.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcin Steczek; Piotr Chudzik; Miroslaw Lewandowski; Adam Szelag. 2019. "PSO-Based Optimization of DC-Link Current Harmonics in Traction VSI for an Electric Vehicle." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 67, no. 10: 8197-8208.

Journal article
Published: 04 April 2019 in Energies
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This paper presents an analysis on using an on-board energy storage device (ESD) for enhancing braking energy re-use in electrified railway transportation. A simulation model was developed in the programming language C++ to help with the sizing of the ESD. The simulation model based on the mathematical description has been proposed for a train equipped with on-board ESD for analysis of effectiveness of its application. A case study was carried out for a metro line taking into consideration train characteristics, track alignment, line velocity limits and a running time table. This case study was used to assess the energy savings and perform a cost-benefit analysis for different sizes of the on-board ESD by applying the proposed approach. It was shown that when additional environmental benefits (reduction of CO2 emissions) are considered, this may significantly improve effectiveness of the investments due to CO2 European Emission allowances.

ACS Style

Petru Valentin Radu; Adam Szelag; Marcin Steczek. On-Board Energy Storage Devices with Supercapacitors for Metro Trains—Case Study Analysis of Application Effectiveness. Energies 2019, 12, 1291 .

AMA Style

Petru Valentin Radu, Adam Szelag, Marcin Steczek. On-Board Energy Storage Devices with Supercapacitors for Metro Trains—Case Study Analysis of Application Effectiveness. Energies. 2019; 12 (7):1291.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petru Valentin Radu; Adam Szelag; Marcin Steczek. 2019. "On-Board Energy Storage Devices with Supercapacitors for Metro Trains—Case Study Analysis of Application Effectiveness." Energies 12, no. 7: 1291.

Conference paper
Published: 27 July 2018 in MATEC Web of Conferences
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The issue of interfering influence of traction vehicles on railway traffic control systems is a serious problem posing a threat to railway traffic safety. This issue is gaining in importance as more and more vehicles equipped with traction inverters are put into service. Current harmonics generated by traction vehicles equipped with voltage source inverters can be controlled in such a way that they do not exceed the limits imposed by railway operators. One of the current harmonic control techniques, proposed by the authors, is the use of a combination of SHE (Selective Harmonic Elimination) and SHM (Selective Harmonic Mitigation) techniques to control the traction voltage source inverter. In this article, the author present the results of investigations on the influence of supply voltage fluctuations on the efficiency of shaping techniques of the current harmonic spectra taken from the DC network by VSI traction drive system, using the SHE and SHM modulation techniques. Regarding the fact that in 3 kV DC electric traction systems, fluctuations of the vehicle's supplying voltage are accepted in a wide range, it is necessary to determine the influence of voltage changes on the proposed modulation techniques. The research object is a simulation model of traction drive which consisting of an asynchronous motor fed by a voltage source inverter. The simulation model was verified by the means of measurements performed at a low scale laboratory stand. Analysis of the tested techniques when supplying voltage is fluctuating, allows to evaluate their usefulness in real operating conditions. The results obtained for SHE and SHM techniques were compared with SPWM modulation.

ACS Style

Marcin Steczek. Effect of the supply voltage fluctuations on the efficiency of the technique of shaping the current spectrum generated by VSI traction drive. MATEC Web of Conferences 2018, 180, 1 .

AMA Style

Marcin Steczek. Effect of the supply voltage fluctuations on the efficiency of the technique of shaping the current spectrum generated by VSI traction drive. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018; 180 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcin Steczek. 2018. "Effect of the supply voltage fluctuations on the efficiency of the technique of shaping the current spectrum generated by VSI traction drive." MATEC Web of Conferences 180, no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 27 July 2018 in MATEC Web of Conferences
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The latest technical solutions provide new opportunities for reducing energy consumption in electrified transport systems. The basic solution is to eliminate vehicles based on resistor start-up system and replace them with vehicles equipped with semiconductor based converter propulsion system (choppers and voltage source inverters). This type of drive also allows to recover energy (recuperation) from train braking, which is repeated very often case of metro lines. The problem is to find the receiver for this energy while the vehicle is braking. Large opportunities are also available when using various types of energy storage devices: stationary installed on the side of traction line and mobile ones used on-board the traction vehicles. Choosing the type of energy storage device for operating conditions, their capacity and the location of installation are complex optimization processes. This type of solution involves significant financial input, which reimbursement is spread over a long period of time. Therefore, it seems rational to seek solutions with limited financial outlay. This paper presents a solution analysis of adjusting the timetable and timeshifts between vehicle streams on the metro line to increase the efficiency of energy recovery of regenerative braking vehicles. This operation will reduce the amount of energy consumption by vehicles from the traction substations. The results presented in the paper were obtained by computer simulation of operation on the first line of the Warsaw subway, assuming that there was no energy storage devices and traction substations were operating without recuperation of the energy to the power system.

ACS Style

Sławomir Barański; Marcin Steczek. Analysis of the influence of train timetable on energy consumption on the metro line. MATEC Web of Conferences 2018, 180, 1 .

AMA Style

Sławomir Barański, Marcin Steczek. Analysis of the influence of train timetable on energy consumption on the metro line. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018; 180 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sławomir Barański; Marcin Steczek. 2018. "Analysis of the influence of train timetable on energy consumption on the metro line." MATEC Web of Conferences 180, no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 12 June 2018 in IET Power Electronics
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A method for minimisation of current harmonics spectrum for asynchronous traction motor fed from three-level neutral point clamped voltage-source inverter is described in this study. A selective harmonic elimination and mitigation-based algorithm using particle swarm optimisation has been utilised. Since the load is an induction motor suitable for traction application, a modified objective function with constraint of individual current harmonics has been proposed in this study to obtain improved harmonic elimination and control with low switching frequency. The proposed method has been compared with conventional technique considering only torque spectrum as objective function. Moreover, a suitable formulation for loss calculation has been proposed to optimise both the motor losses and torque harmonics. Suitable simulations along with experiments are performed with a practical induction motor of cage type to justify the proposed method.

ACS Style

Marcin Steczek; Arunava Chatterjee; Debashis Chatterjee. Optimisation of current harmonics for three‐level VSI based induction motor drive suitable for traction application. IET Power Electronics 2018, 11, 1529 -1536.

AMA Style

Marcin Steczek, Arunava Chatterjee, Debashis Chatterjee. Optimisation of current harmonics for three‐level VSI based induction motor drive suitable for traction application. IET Power Electronics. 2018; 11 (9):1529-1536.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcin Steczek; Arunava Chatterjee; Debashis Chatterjee. 2018. "Optimisation of current harmonics for three‐level VSI based induction motor drive suitable for traction application." IET Power Electronics 11, no. 9: 1529-1536.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Technical Transactions
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Energy efficiency of a railway line supplied by 3 kv supply system – a case study of the application of an inverter in a traction substation

ACS Style

Zbigniew Drążek; Tadeusz Maciołek; Adam Szeląg; Marcin Steczek. Energy efficiency of a railway line supplied by 3 kv supply system – a case study of the application of an inverter in a traction substation. Technical Transactions 2018, 10, 99110 .

AMA Style

Zbigniew Drążek, Tadeusz Maciołek, Adam Szeląg, Marcin Steczek. Energy efficiency of a railway line supplied by 3 kv supply system – a case study of the application of an inverter in a traction substation. Technical Transactions. 2018; 10 ():99110.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zbigniew Drążek; Tadeusz Maciołek; Adam Szeląg; Marcin Steczek. 2018. "Energy efficiency of a railway line supplied by 3 kv supply system – a case study of the application of an inverter in a traction substation." Technical Transactions 10, no. : 99110.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences
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Electric traction vehicles cooperating with a 3kV DC traction system and equipped with drive systems based on voltage source inverters are the most significant sources of disturbances for a railway signalling system. Every traction vehicle to be authorised for operation on railway lines must fulfil the limits imposed on current harmonics magnitudes and those provided by railway operators. The solution introduced for prototypes of most modern traction drives is to replace the two-level inverters with three-level topology. Therefore, it is essential to establish the influence of the new solution on the railway signalling system. This paper presents a comparative analysis between simulation results delivered for two and three-level traction drive system regarding generation of disturbing current harmonics. Two types of VSI modulation techniques were taken under consideration: sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) and a new one, proposed by the authors, based on selective harmonic elimination (SHE). Furthermore, the authors presented application of one of the SHE based optimization techniques for shaping the EMU’s (electric multiple unit) DC side input current harmonics spectrum in order to meet the required limits. The described technique is based on off-line generation of a set of solutions for each of the VSI operating points and selection of the best solution for the assumed criteria. The applied simulation models and the concept of SHE control were verified in a laboratory by means of a low-power drive stand. Using the three-level inverter in traction drives system results in less current harmonics than using two-level topology without modification of the modulation technique. Thus, it does not guarantee fulfilling all limits assumed in this paper. The proposed modulation technique allows for fulfilling the limits, and the technical implementation of the proposed technique in a traction drive system will be considered in future studies.

ACS Style

M. Steczek; A. Szelag; D. Chatterjee. Analysis of disturbing effect of 3 kV DC supplied traction vehicles equipped with two-level and three-level VSI on railway signalling track circuits. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 2017, 65, 663 -674.

AMA Style

M. Steczek, A. Szelag, D. Chatterjee. Analysis of disturbing effect of 3 kV DC supplied traction vehicles equipped with two-level and three-level VSI on railway signalling track circuits. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences. 2017; 65 (5):663-674.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Steczek; A. Szelag; D. Chatterjee. 2017. "Analysis of disturbing effect of 3 kV DC supplied traction vehicles equipped with two-level and three-level VSI on railway signalling track circuits." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, no. 5: 663-674.

Journal article
Published: 02 June 2017 in PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY
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Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informuj

ACS Style

Marcin Steczek. Input impedance of multi-drive traction vehicle. PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 2017, 1, 87 -90.

AMA Style

Marcin Steczek. Input impedance of multi-drive traction vehicle. PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY. 2017; 1 (6):87-90.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcin Steczek. 2017. "Input impedance of multi-drive traction vehicle." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 6: 87-90.

Journal article
Published: 14 April 2017 in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
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The paper presents an innovative concept of applying a combination of well-known selective harmonic elimination (SHE) and selective harmonics mitigation (SHM) methods to shape a spectrum of catenary current harmonics, generated by a traction drive system equipped with a voltage source inverter. Application of this method allows for reducing distorting influence of a modern rolling stock supplied by a 3 kV dc catenary on the railway signaling, command, and control systems. The efficiency of the proposed method is independent of synchronization of a vehicle's inverters and of load balance of traction motors, which makes it more reliable than as it is proposed in the literature. Results of computer simulations were presented and compared with laboratory measurements. The obtained dc-link current spectrum using the proposed SHE/SHM method was compared with spectra received using synchronized and unsynchronized sinusoidal pulse-width modulations (SPWMs). Based on the conducted tests, it was shown that the proposed method of control, which was implemented in a laboratory drive system, is effective in reducing dc side current harmonics in a frequency range of 1300-3100 Hz, which is used by track circuits on railway lines, e.g., in Poland. The technique proposed by the authors allows taking into account any restrictions arising from the technical nature of low-frequency traction drives.

ACS Style

Marcin Steczek; Piotr Chudzik; Adam Szelag. Combination of SHE- and SHM-PWM Techniques for VSI DC-Link Current Harmonics Control in Railway Applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2017, 64, 7666 -7678.

AMA Style

Marcin Steczek, Piotr Chudzik, Adam Szelag. Combination of SHE- and SHM-PWM Techniques for VSI DC-Link Current Harmonics Control in Railway Applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2017; 64 (10):7666-7678.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcin Steczek; Piotr Chudzik; Adam Szelag. 2017. "Combination of SHE- and SHM-PWM Techniques for VSI DC-Link Current Harmonics Control in Railway Applications." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 64, no. 10: 7666-7678.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2015 in 2015 International Conference on Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (EDPE)
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The paper proposes an application of a well-known method of Selective Harmonic Elimination in inverter's output voltage to influence an input traction current spectrum in a DC supplied traction vehicle with asynchronous motors. The aim is to reduce the values of current harmonics in frequency bands that are subject to limitations applicable on Polish railways. This paper introduces the possibility of modifying the method (Selective Harmonics Elimination - SHE) in such a way as to replace elimination of selective harmonics with their reduction (Selective Harmonics Reduction - SHR). Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of both these methods was based on computer simulation results. The important advantage of the SHR method, in comparison with the SHE methods, is the reduction of the required switching angles number with obtaining the aim of the application, i.e. current harmonics amplitudes below the defined limits. Some exemplary results of effectiveness of the proposed method are as well presented and discussed.

ACS Style

Marcin Steczek; Adam Szelag. Modification of the selective harmonic elimination method for effective catenary current harmonics reduction. 2015 International Conference on Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (EDPE) 2015, 394 -401.

AMA Style

Marcin Steczek, Adam Szelag. Modification of the selective harmonic elimination method for effective catenary current harmonics reduction. 2015 International Conference on Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (EDPE). 2015; ():394-401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcin Steczek; Adam Szelag. 2015. "Modification of the selective harmonic elimination method for effective catenary current harmonics reduction." 2015 International Conference on Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (EDPE) , no. : 394-401.