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Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and microcystins (MC) are cyanotoxins that can occur simultaneously in contaminated water and food. CYN/MC-LR mixtures previously investigated in vitro showed an induction of micronucleus (MN) formation only in the presence of the metabolic fraction S9. When this is the case, the European Food Safety Authority recommends a follow up to in vivo testing. Thus, rats were orally exposed to 7.5 + 75, 23.7 + 237, and 75 + 750 μg CYN/MC-LR/kg body weight (b.w.). The MN test in bone marrow was performed, and the standard and modified comet assays were carried out to measure DNA strand breaks or oxidative DNA damage in stomach, liver, and blood cells. The results revealed an increase in MN formation in bone marrow, at all the assayed doses. However, no DNA strand breaks nor oxidative DNA damage were induced, as shown in the comet assays. The histopathological study indicated alterations only in the highest dose group. Liver was the target organ showing fatty degeneration and necrotic hepatocytes in centrilobular areas, as well as a light mononuclear inflammatory periportal infiltrate. Additionally, the stomach had flaking epithelium and mild necrosis of epithelial cells. Therefore, the combined exposure to cyanotoxins may induce genotoxic and histopathological damage in vivo.
Leticia Díez-Quijada; Concepción Medrano-Padial; María Llana-Ruiz-Cabello; Giorgiana M. Cătunescu; Rosario Moyano; Maria A. Risalde; Ana M. Cameán; Ángeles Jos. Cylindrospermopsin-Microcystin-LR Combinations May Induce Genotoxic and Histopathological Damage in Rats. Toxins 2020, 12, 348 .
AMA StyleLeticia Díez-Quijada, Concepción Medrano-Padial, María Llana-Ruiz-Cabello, Giorgiana M. Cătunescu, Rosario Moyano, Maria A. Risalde, Ana M. Cameán, Ángeles Jos. Cylindrospermopsin-Microcystin-LR Combinations May Induce Genotoxic and Histopathological Damage in Rats. Toxins. 2020; 12 (6):348.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeticia Díez-Quijada; Concepción Medrano-Padial; María Llana-Ruiz-Cabello; Giorgiana M. Cătunescu; Rosario Moyano; Maria A. Risalde; Ana M. Cameán; Ángeles Jos. 2020. "Cylindrospermopsin-Microcystin-LR Combinations May Induce Genotoxic and Histopathological Damage in Rats." Toxins 12, no. 6: 348.
Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins constitute a serious environmental and human health problem. Moreover, concerns are raised with the use of contaminated water in agriculture and vegetable production as this can lead to food contamination and human exposure to toxins as well as impairment in crop development and productivity. The objective of this work was to assess the susceptibility of two green vegetables, spinach and lettuce, to the cyanotoxins microcystin (MC) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN), individually and in mixture. The study consisted of growing both vegetables in hydroponics, under controlled conditions, for 21 days in nutrient medium doped with MC or CYN at 10 μg/L and 50 μg/L, or CYN/MC mixture at 5 + 5 μg/L and 25 + 25 μg/L. Extracts from M. aeruginosa and C. ovalisporum were used as sources of toxins. The study revealed growth inhibition of the aerial part (Leaves) in both species when treated with 50µg/L of MC, CYN and CYN/MC mixture. MC showed to be more harmful to plant growth than CYN. Moreover spinach leaves growth was inhibited by both 5 + 5 and 25 + 25 µg/L CYN/MC mixtures, whereas lettuce leaves growth was inhibited only by 25 + 25 µg/L CYN/MC mixture. Overall, growth data evidence increased sensitivity of spinach to cyanotoxins in comparison to lettuce. On the other hand, plants exposed to CYN/MC mixture showed differential accumulation of CYN and MC. In addition, CYN, but not MC, was translocated from the roots to the leaves. CYN and MC affected the levels of minerals particularly in plant roots. The elements most affected were Ca, K and Mg. However, in leaves K was the mineral that was affected by exposure to cyanotoxins.
Maria Llana-Ruiz-Cabello; Angeles Jos; Ana Cameán; Flavio Oliveira; Aldo Barreiro; Joana Machado; Joana Azevedo; Edgar Pinto; Agostinho Almeida; Alexandre Campos; Vitor Vasconcelos; Marisa Freitas. Analysis of the Use of Cylindrospermopsin and/or Microcystin-Contaminated Water in the Growth, Mineral Content, and Contamination of Spinacia oleracea and Lactuca sativa. Toxins 2019, 11, 624 .
AMA StyleMaria Llana-Ruiz-Cabello, Angeles Jos, Ana Cameán, Flavio Oliveira, Aldo Barreiro, Joana Machado, Joana Azevedo, Edgar Pinto, Agostinho Almeida, Alexandre Campos, Vitor Vasconcelos, Marisa Freitas. Analysis of the Use of Cylindrospermopsin and/or Microcystin-Contaminated Water in the Growth, Mineral Content, and Contamination of Spinacia oleracea and Lactuca sativa. Toxins. 2019; 11 (11):624.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Llana-Ruiz-Cabello; Angeles Jos; Ana Cameán; Flavio Oliveira; Aldo Barreiro; Joana Machado; Joana Azevedo; Edgar Pinto; Agostinho Almeida; Alexandre Campos; Vitor Vasconcelos; Marisa Freitas. 2019. "Analysis of the Use of Cylindrospermopsin and/or Microcystin-Contaminated Water in the Growth, Mineral Content, and Contamination of Spinacia oleracea and Lactuca sativa." Toxins 11, no. 11: 624.
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a potent cyanotoxin recognized as an emerging human threat due to its cytotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity. Although the genotoxicity of CYN has been extensively studied in vitro, limited data are available on its in vivo genotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo genotoxicity of pure CYN (7.5–75 μg/kg body weight) after oral exposure of rats through a combined assay of the micronucleus test (MN) in bone marrow, and the standard and modified comet assay in stomach, liver and blood. Also, histopathological changes in stomach and liver were evaluated. Positive results in the MN test were observed in bone marrow in the exposed rats at all the tested concentrations. However, the comet assay revealed that CYN did not induce DNA strand breaks nor oxidative DNA damage in any of the tissues investigated. Finally, histopathological changes were observed in stomach and liver (7.5–75 μg/kg) in intoxicated rats. These results could indicate that CYN is able to induce irritation in stomach before its biotransformation in rats orally exposed, and genotoxicity in bone marrow.
Leticia Díez-Quijada; Maria Llana-Ruiz-Cabello; Giorgiana M. Cătunescu; María Puerto; Rosario Moyano; Angeles Jos; Ana M. Cameán. In vivo genotoxicity evaluation of cylindrospermopsin in rats using a combined micronucleus and comet assay. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2019, 132, 110664 .
AMA StyleLeticia Díez-Quijada, Maria Llana-Ruiz-Cabello, Giorgiana M. Cătunescu, María Puerto, Rosario Moyano, Angeles Jos, Ana M. Cameán. In vivo genotoxicity evaluation of cylindrospermopsin in rats using a combined micronucleus and comet assay. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2019; 132 ():110664.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeticia Díez-Quijada; Maria Llana-Ruiz-Cabello; Giorgiana M. Cătunescu; María Puerto; Rosario Moyano; Angeles Jos; Ana M. Cameán. 2019. "In vivo genotoxicity evaluation of cylindrospermopsin in rats using a combined micronucleus and comet assay." Food and Chemical Toxicology 132, no. : 110664.
Cyanotoxins are a large group of noxious metabolites with different chemical structure and mechanisms of action, with a worldwide distribution, producing effects in animals, humans, and crop plants. When cyanotoxin-contaminated waters are used for the irrigation of edible vegetables, humans can be in contact with these toxins through the food chain. In this work, a method for the simultaneous detection of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), Microcystin-RR (MC-RR), Microcystin-YR (MC-YR), and Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in lettuce has been optimized and validated, using a dual solid phase extraction (SPE) system for toxin extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for analysis. Results showed linear ranges (5–50 ng g−1 f.w.), low values for limit of detection (LOD) (0.06–0.42 ng g−1 f.w.), and limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.16–0.91 ng g−1 f.w.), acceptable recoveries (41–93%), and %RSDIP values for the four toxins. The method proved to be robust for the three variables tested. Finally, it was successfully applied to detect these cyanotoxins in edible vegetables exposed to cyanobacterial extracts under laboratory conditions, and it could be useful for monitoring these toxins in edible vegetables for better exposure estimation in terms of risk assessment.
Leticia Díez-Quijada; Remedios Guzmán-Guillén; Ana Prieto Ortega; María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Alexandre Campos; Vítor Vasconcelos; Ángeles Jos; Ana Cameán. New Method for Simultaneous Determination of Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin in Vegetable Matrices by SPE-UPLC-MS/MS. Toxins 2018, 10, 406 .
AMA StyleLeticia Díez-Quijada, Remedios Guzmán-Guillén, Ana Prieto Ortega, María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello, Alexandre Campos, Vítor Vasconcelos, Ángeles Jos, Ana Cameán. New Method for Simultaneous Determination of Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin in Vegetable Matrices by SPE-UPLC-MS/MS. Toxins. 2018; 10 (10):406.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeticia Díez-Quijada; Remedios Guzmán-Guillén; Ana Prieto Ortega; María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Alexandre Campos; Vítor Vasconcelos; Ángeles Jos; Ana Cameán. 2018. "New Method for Simultaneous Determination of Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin in Vegetable Matrices by SPE-UPLC-MS/MS." Toxins 10, no. 10: 406.
Sara Maisanaba; María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Silvia Pichardo; Ana Isabel Prieto; Ana M. Cameán; María Jordá-Beneyto; Ángeles Jos. Toxicological assessment of two silane-modified clay minerals with potential use as food contact materials in human hepatoma cells and Salmonella typhimurium strains. Applied Clay Science 2017, 150, 98 -105.
AMA StyleSara Maisanaba, María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello, Silvia Pichardo, Ana Isabel Prieto, Ana M. Cameán, María Jordá-Beneyto, Ángeles Jos. Toxicological assessment of two silane-modified clay minerals with potential use as food contact materials in human hepatoma cells and Salmonella typhimurium strains. Applied Clay Science. 2017; 150 ():98-105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Maisanaba; María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Silvia Pichardo; Ana Isabel Prieto; Ana M. Cameán; María Jordá-Beneyto; Ángeles Jos. 2017. "Toxicological assessment of two silane-modified clay minerals with potential use as food contact materials in human hepatoma cells and Salmonella typhimurium strains." Applied Clay Science 150, no. : 98-105.
Genotoxic data of substances which could be incorporated into food packaging are required by the European Food Safety Authority. Due to its antioxidant and antibacterial properties carvacrol is one of these compounds. This work aims to study for the first time the in vivo genotoxic effects produced in rats orally exposed to 81, 256 or 810 mg cavacrol/kg body weight (bw) at 0, 24 and 45 h. A combination of the micronucleus assay (OECD 474) in bone marrow and the standard (OECD 489) and enzyme-modified comet assay was used to determine the genotoxicity on cells isolated from stomach and liver of exposed animals. In addition, a histopathological study was performed on the assayed tissues, and also in the lungs due to the volatility of carvacrol. Direct analytical pyrolysis was used to search for carvacrol in viscera and to ensure that the compound reaches stomach and liver cells. Results from MN-comet assay revealed that carvacrol (81–810 mg/kg bw) did not induce in vivo genotoxicity or oxidative DNA damage in any of the tissues investigated. Moreover, no histopathological changes were observed. Altogether, these results suggest lack of genotoxicity of carvacrol and therefore its good profile for its potential application as food preservative.
María Llana-Ruiz-Cabello; Sara Maisanaba; María Puerto; Ana I. Prieto; Silvia Pichardo; Rosario Moyano; José A. González-Pérez; Ana M. Cameán. Genotoxicity evaluation of carvacrol in rats using a combined micronucleus and comet assay. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2016, 98, 240 -250.
AMA StyleMaría Llana-Ruiz-Cabello, Sara Maisanaba, María Puerto, Ana I. Prieto, Silvia Pichardo, Rosario Moyano, José A. González-Pérez, Ana M. Cameán. Genotoxicity evaluation of carvacrol in rats using a combined micronucleus and comet assay. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2016; 98 ():240-250.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Llana-Ruiz-Cabello; Sara Maisanaba; María Puerto; Ana I. Prieto; Silvia Pichardo; Rosario Moyano; José A. González-Pérez; Ana M. Cameán. 2016. "Genotoxicity evaluation of carvacrol in rats using a combined micronucleus and comet assay." Food and Chemical Toxicology 98, no. : 240-250.
7 páginas.-- 4 figuras.-- 45 referenciasAnalytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) was used to fingerprint a polylactic acid (PLA) with polybutylene succinate (PBS) (950 g Kg:50 g Kg) film extruded with variable quantities (0, 20, 50 and 65 g Kg) of a commercial additive (Proallium) prepared from Allium spp. extracts. The carbon isotopic signature(δC) was used to estimate the amount of additive to be incorporated into the casting of the active biopolymer. The main PLA:PBS pyrolysis products were lactide enantiomers and monomer units, in addition to structures from the PBS fraction. The pyrolysis of the plant extract additive, apart from a number of organosulphur compounds derived from the active ingredients, released oligomers of polyethylene glycol, alkyl ethers and a conspicuous peak of oleic acid, 3-hydroxypropyl ester compatible with a polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate surfactant. The sulphur compound, propyl sulphide, was a diagnostic peak with which to trace the additive in the polymer. In fact, a correlation coefficient of value 0.997R (p < 0.001) was found between the chromatographic area of this peak and the amount of additive in the bioplastic. The real amount of additive incorporated in the bioplastic was estimated through a mass-balance equation, taking advantage of the differential δC signatures between the polymeric base and the additive.This work has been partly funded by the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad’ through projects CGL2012-38655-C04-01 and AGL2012-38357-C02-01 co-financed by FEDER Funds, and Junta de Andalucía (AGR-7252). N.T Jiménez-Morillo is funded by a FPI research grant (BES-2013-062573). Alba Carmona Navarro is acknowledged for her technical assistance.). Alba Carmona Navarro is acknowledged for her technical assistance.Peer Reviewe
María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Silvia Pichardo; Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo; Paloma Abad; Enrique Guillamón; Francisco J. González-Vila; Ana M. Cameán; José A. González-Pérez. Characterisation of a bio-based packaging containing a natural additive from Allium spp. using analytical pyrolysis and carbon stable isotopes. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 2016, 120, 334 -340.
AMA StyleMaría Llana-Ruíz-Cabello, Silvia Pichardo, Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo, Paloma Abad, Enrique Guillamón, Francisco J. González-Vila, Ana M. Cameán, José A. González-Pérez. Characterisation of a bio-based packaging containing a natural additive from Allium spp. using analytical pyrolysis and carbon stable isotopes. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2016; 120 ():334-340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Silvia Pichardo; Nicasio T. Jiménez-Morillo; Paloma Abad; Enrique Guillamón; Francisco J. González-Vila; Ana M. Cameán; José A. González-Pérez. 2016. "Characterisation of a bio-based packaging containing a natural additive from Allium spp. using analytical pyrolysis and carbon stable isotopes." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 120, no. : 334-340.
María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; Maria Puerto; Silvia Pichardo; Francisco Javier Moreno; Alberto Baños; Cristina Núñez; Enrique Guillamón; Ana M. Cameán. Cytotoxicity and morphological study of an extract from the allium essential oil potentially used in active packaging. Toxicology Letters 2014, 229, S172 -S173.
AMA StyleMaría Llana-Ruíz-Cabello, Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena, Maria Puerto, Silvia Pichardo, Francisco Javier Moreno, Alberto Baños, Cristina Núñez, Enrique Guillamón, Ana M. Cameán. Cytotoxicity and morphological study of an extract from the allium essential oil potentially used in active packaging. Toxicology Letters. 2014; 229 ():S172-S173.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; Maria Puerto; Silvia Pichardo; Francisco Javier Moreno; Alberto Baños; Cristina Núñez; Enrique Guillamón; Ana M. Cameán. 2014. "Cytotoxicity and morphological study of an extract from the allium essential oil potentially used in active packaging." Toxicology Letters 229, no. : S172-S173.
Sara Maisanaba; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; Maria Puerto; María Llana Ruiz-Cabello; Silvia Pichardo; María Jordá-Beneyto; Angeles Jos. Evaluation of the oxidative response in Wistar rats exposed for 90 days to an extract of a nanocomposite material. Toxicology Letters 2014, 229, S175 -S176.
AMA StyleSara Maisanaba, Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena, Maria Puerto, María Llana Ruiz-Cabello, Silvia Pichardo, María Jordá-Beneyto, Angeles Jos. Evaluation of the oxidative response in Wistar rats exposed for 90 days to an extract of a nanocomposite material. Toxicology Letters. 2014; 229 ():S175-S176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Maisanaba; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; Maria Puerto; María Llana Ruiz-Cabello; Silvia Pichardo; María Jordá-Beneyto; Angeles Jos. 2014. "Evaluation of the oxidative response in Wistar rats exposed for 90 days to an extract of a nanocomposite material." Toxicology Letters 229, no. : S175-S176.
María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; Silvia Pichardo; Paloma Abad; J. David García López; Enrique Guillamón; Ana M. Cameán. In vitro pro-oxidant/antioxidant role of an extract from Allium essential oil in the intestinal Caco-2 cell line. Toxicology Letters 2014, 229, S173 .
AMA StyleMaría Llana-Ruíz-Cabello, Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena, Silvia Pichardo, Paloma Abad, J. David García López, Enrique Guillamón, Ana M. Cameán. In vitro pro-oxidant/antioxidant role of an extract from Allium essential oil in the intestinal Caco-2 cell line. Toxicology Letters. 2014; 229 ():S173.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena; Silvia Pichardo; Paloma Abad; J. David García López; Enrique Guillamón; Ana M. Cameán. 2014. "In vitro pro-oxidant/antioxidant role of an extract from Allium essential oil in the intestinal Caco-2 cell line." Toxicology Letters 229, no. : S173.
María Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Sara Maisanaba; Ana I. Prieto; Maria Puerto; Silvia Pichardo; Ana M. Cameán. Genotoxicity evaluation of a major compound of oregano essential oil by the in vitro micronucleus assay. Toxicology Letters 2014, 229, S171 .
AMA StyleMaría Llana-Ruíz-Cabello, Sara Maisanaba, Ana I. Prieto, Maria Puerto, Silvia Pichardo, Ana M. Cameán. Genotoxicity evaluation of a major compound of oregano essential oil by the in vitro micronucleus assay. Toxicology Letters. 2014; 229 ():S171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Llana-Ruíz-Cabello; Sara Maisanaba; Ana I. Prieto; Maria Puerto; Silvia Pichardo; Ana M. Cameán. 2014. "Genotoxicity evaluation of a major compound of oregano essential oil by the in vitro micronucleus assay." Toxicology Letters 229, no. : S171.