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Mónica A. Altamirano
Policy Analysis Unit, DELTARES, 2629 HV Delft, The Netherlands

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Journal article
Published: 02 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Nature-based solutions (NBS) offer multiple solutions to urban challenges simultaneously, but realising funding for NBS remains a challenge. When the concept of NBS for societal challenges was first defined by the EC in 2017, financing was recognised as one of the major challenges to its mainstreaming. The complexity of NBS finance has its origin in the multiple benefits/stakeholders involved, which obscures the argument for both public and private sector investment. Since 2017, subsequent waves of EU research- and innovation-funded projects have substantially contributed to the knowledge base of funding and business models for NBS, particularly in the urban context. Collaborating and sharing knowledge through an EU Task Force, this first set of EU projects laid important knowledge foundations, reviewing existing literature, and compiling empirical evidence of different financing approaches and the business models that underpinned them. The second set of EU innovation actions advanced this knowledge base, developing and testing new implementation models, business model tools, and approaches. This paper presents the findings of these projects from a business model perspective to improve our understanding of the value propositions of NBS to support their mainstreaming.

ACS Style

Beatriz Mayor; Helen Toxopeus; Siobhan McQuaid; Edoardo Croci; Benedetta Lucchitta; Suhana Reddy; Aitziber Egusquiza; Monica Altamirano; Tamara Trumbic; Andreas Tuerk; Gemma García; Efrén Feliu; Cosima Malandrino; Joanne Schante; Anne Jensen; Elena López Gunn. State of the Art and Latest Advances in Exploring Business Models for Nature-Based Solutions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7413 .

AMA Style

Beatriz Mayor, Helen Toxopeus, Siobhan McQuaid, Edoardo Croci, Benedetta Lucchitta, Suhana Reddy, Aitziber Egusquiza, Monica Altamirano, Tamara Trumbic, Andreas Tuerk, Gemma García, Efrén Feliu, Cosima Malandrino, Joanne Schante, Anne Jensen, Elena López Gunn. State of the Art and Latest Advances in Exploring Business Models for Nature-Based Solutions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7413.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatriz Mayor; Helen Toxopeus; Siobhan McQuaid; Edoardo Croci; Benedetta Lucchitta; Suhana Reddy; Aitziber Egusquiza; Monica Altamirano; Tamara Trumbic; Andreas Tuerk; Gemma García; Efrén Feliu; Cosima Malandrino; Joanne Schante; Anne Jensen; Elena López Gunn. 2021. "State of the Art and Latest Advances in Exploring Business Models for Nature-Based Solutions." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7413.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2019 in Sustainability
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Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly being considered as an option to reduce societies’ vulnerability to natural hazards, creating co-benefits while protecting ecosystem services in a context of changing climate patterns with more frequent and extreme weather events. The reinsurance and insurance industries are increasingly cited as sectors that can play a role to help manage risks, by improving disaster risk reduction (DRR) and loss prevention. This paper investigates how the (re)insurance industry could support the transition from a paradigm focused on ex-post responses to ex-ante risk reduction measures including NBS, in line with the Sendai Framework. This paper presents the results of a series of 61 interviews undertaken with the (re)insurance sector and related actors under the EU H2020 Nature Insurance Value Assessment and Demonstration (NAIAD) project. Methods based on a Grounded Theory approach indicate how this sector can play different roles in loss prevention, including ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (eco-DRR). Results illustrate how the (re)insurance industry, under these roles, is gradually innovating by having a better understanding of hazards and mitigation. The findings of the study contribute to wider discussions such as the possibility of new arrangements like natural insurance schemes and evidence-based assessment of avoided damage costs from green protective measures, in Europe and beyond.

ACS Style

Roxane Marchal; Guillaume Piton; Elena Lopez-Gunn; Pedro Zorrilla-Miras; Peter Van Der Keur; Kieran W. J. Dartée; Polona Pengal; John H. Matthews; Jean-Marc Tacnet; Nina Graveline; Monica A. Altamirano; John Joyce; Florentina Nanu; Ioana Groza; Karina Peña; Blaz Cokan; Sophia Burke; David Moncoulon. The (Re)Insurance Industry’s Roles in the Integration of Nature-based Solutions for Prevention in Disaster Risk Reduction—Insights from a European Survey. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6212 .

AMA Style

Roxane Marchal, Guillaume Piton, Elena Lopez-Gunn, Pedro Zorrilla-Miras, Peter Van Der Keur, Kieran W. J. Dartée, Polona Pengal, John H. Matthews, Jean-Marc Tacnet, Nina Graveline, Monica A. Altamirano, John Joyce, Florentina Nanu, Ioana Groza, Karina Peña, Blaz Cokan, Sophia Burke, David Moncoulon. The (Re)Insurance Industry’s Roles in the Integration of Nature-based Solutions for Prevention in Disaster Risk Reduction—Insights from a European Survey. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roxane Marchal; Guillaume Piton; Elena Lopez-Gunn; Pedro Zorrilla-Miras; Peter Van Der Keur; Kieran W. J. Dartée; Polona Pengal; John H. Matthews; Jean-Marc Tacnet; Nina Graveline; Monica A. Altamirano; John Joyce; Florentina Nanu; Ioana Groza; Karina Peña; Blaz Cokan; Sophia Burke; David Moncoulon. 2019. "The (Re)Insurance Industry’s Roles in the Integration of Nature-based Solutions for Prevention in Disaster Risk Reduction—Insights from a European Survey." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6212.

Special issue article
Published: 06 November 2017 in The European Journal of Development Research
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This paper examines frugal innovations as processes, products and systems that affect the resource constraints that are typical for many developing countries. The focus is on the impacts of mobile phone technology-induced frugal innovations’ on the resource constraints and how these influence productivity, public services provision and inclusiveness. The effects are illustrated with the help of the case of the M-Pesa payment system and more specifically two particular services that use M-Pesa, i.e. Kilimo-Salama, an agricultural microinsurance through mobile phones and M-Farm, market access services for small farmers. The results reveal positive impacts on private sector productivity and public services provisions due to, among others, reduction of transaction length and hence costs. With regard to inclusiveness it is likely that in the short term the application of IT-induced frugal innovations will not be inclusive. In the longer term the inclusiveness of these innovations can be expected to increase. Cet article examine les innovations frugales en tant que processus, produits et systèmes qui affectent les contraintes de ressources typiques de nombreux pays en développement. L’accent est mis sur l’impact des innovations frugales issues des technologies de l’information (TI) sur les contraintes de ressources et sur la manière dont ces effets influencent la productivité, la fourniture de services publics et l’intégration. Ces effets sont illustrés à l’aide du cas du système de paiement M-Pesa et plus particulièrement de deux services particuliers qui utilisent M-Pesa, à savoir Kilimo-Salama, une micro-assurance agricole par téléphone portable et M-Farm, des services d’accès au marché pour les petits agriculteurs. Les résultats révèlent des effets positifs sur la productivité du secteur privé et sur la prestation de services publics en raison notamment de la réduction de la durée de la transaction et donc des coûts. En ce qui concerne l’intégration, il est probable qu’à court terme, l’application des innovations frugales issues de l’informatique ne sera pas inclusive. À plus long terme, on peut s’attendre à ce que l’inclusion de ces innovations augmente.

ACS Style

Monica A. Altamirano; Cees P. Van Beers. Frugal Innovations in Technological and Institutional Infrastructure: Impact of Mobile Phone Technology on Productivity, Public Service Provision and Inclusiveness. The European Journal of Development Research 2017, 30, 84 -107.

AMA Style

Monica A. Altamirano, Cees P. Van Beers. Frugal Innovations in Technological and Institutional Infrastructure: Impact of Mobile Phone Technology on Productivity, Public Service Provision and Inclusiveness. The European Journal of Development Research. 2017; 30 (1):84-107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monica A. Altamirano; Cees P. Van Beers. 2017. "Frugal Innovations in Technological and Institutional Infrastructure: Impact of Mobile Phone Technology on Productivity, Public Service Provision and Inclusiveness." The European Journal of Development Research 30, no. 1: 84-107.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Environmental Research
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This paper proposes a conceptual framework to systematize the use of Nature-based solutions (NBS) by integrating their resilience potential into Natural Assurance Scheme (NAS), focusing on insurance value as corner stone for both awareness-raising and valuation. As such one of its core goal is to align research and pilot projects with infrastructure development constraints and priorities. Under NAS, the integrated contribution of natural infrastructure to Disaster Risk Reduction is valued in the context of an identified growing need for climate robust infrastructure. The potential of NAS benefits and trade-off are explored by through the alternative lens of Disaster Resilience Enhancement (DRE). Such a system requires a joint effort of specific knowledge transfer from research groups and stakeholders to potential future NAS developers and investors. We therefore match the knowledge gaps with operational stages of the development of NAS from a project designer perspective. We start by highlighting the key role of the insurance industry in incentivizing and assessing disaster and slow onset resilience enhancement strategies. In parallel we place the public sector as potential kick-starters in DRE initiatives through the existing initiatives and constraints of infrastructure procurement. Under this perspective the paper explores the required alignment of Integrated Water resources planning and Public investment systems. Ultimately this will provide the possibility for both planners and investors to design no regret NBS and mixed Grey-Green infrastructures systems. As resources and constraints are widely different between infrastructure development contexts, the framework does not provide explicit methodological choices but presents current limits of knowledge and know-how. In conclusion the paper underlines the potential of NAS to ease the infrastructure gap in water globally by stressing the advantages of investment in the protection, enhancement and restoration of natural capital as an effective climate change adaptation investment.

ACS Style

Benjamin Denjean; Mónica A. Altamirano; Nina Graveline; Raffaele Giordano; Peter van der Keur; David Moncoulon; Josh Weinberg; María Máñez Costa; Zdravko Kozinc; Mark Mulligan; Polona Pengal; John Matthews; Nora van Cauwenbergh; Elena López Gunn; David N. Bresch. Natural Assurance Scheme: A level playing field framework for Green-Grey infrastructure development. Environmental Research 2017, 159, 24 -38.

AMA Style

Benjamin Denjean, Mónica A. Altamirano, Nina Graveline, Raffaele Giordano, Peter van der Keur, David Moncoulon, Josh Weinberg, María Máñez Costa, Zdravko Kozinc, Mark Mulligan, Polona Pengal, John Matthews, Nora van Cauwenbergh, Elena López Gunn, David N. Bresch. Natural Assurance Scheme: A level playing field framework for Green-Grey infrastructure development. Environmental Research. 2017; 159 ():24-38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benjamin Denjean; Mónica A. Altamirano; Nina Graveline; Raffaele Giordano; Peter van der Keur; David Moncoulon; Josh Weinberg; María Máñez Costa; Zdravko Kozinc; Mark Mulligan; Polona Pengal; John Matthews; Nora van Cauwenbergh; Elena López Gunn; David N. Bresch. 2017. "Natural Assurance Scheme: A level playing field framework for Green-Grey infrastructure development." Environmental Research 159, no. : 24-38.