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Dr. Kashif Irshad
Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy (CoRE-RE), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

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0 phase change material
0 Thermal engineering
0 Heat transfer analysis
0 Thermoelectric Coolers and Generators
0 Thermal Adaptation in the Built Environment

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phase change material
Thermoelectric Coolers and Generators

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Journal article
Published: 28 August 2021 in Sustainability
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The thermoelectric air conditioning system (TE-AC) is a small, noiseless alternative to standard vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) systems. The cooling characteristics of a TE-AC system operating under two conditions, i.e., steady current and current pulses, are investigated in this study. This system consists of three thermoelectric modules, a heat sink, and an air circulation fan. The result shows that maximum temperature reduction in cooling side of TE-AC system was achieved at 6 A input current under steady state operation. The optimum performance of the TE-AC system under steady state operation depends upon the combined effect of the cooling load, Joule, Fourier, and Peltier heat. In TE-AC pulse operation, both current width and cooling load applied on the cold side of the thermoelectric module (TEMs) play an important role in achieving optimum cooling performance of the system. When normal input current operation (i.e., no current pulse) was compared to pulse-operated TE-AC system operation, it was found that pulse operation provides an additional average temperature reduction of 3–4 °C on the cold side of TEMs. Although on the hot side, it maintains a temperature in the range of 18 °C to 24 °C to reduce overshoot heat flux. The duration of operation is also important in determining pulse width and pulse amplitude. Minimum and overshoot peak temperature rises during each cycle for longer run operation. In the TE-AC system, the accumulated Joule heat during a current pulse frequently causes a temperature overshoot, which lasts much longer. As a result, the next current pulse was not released until the temperature of TE was restored to its initial value.

ACS Style

Kashif Irshad. Performance Improvement of Thermoelectric Air Cooler System by Using Variable-Pulse Current for Building Applications. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9682 .

AMA Style

Kashif Irshad. Performance Improvement of Thermoelectric Air Cooler System by Using Variable-Pulse Current for Building Applications. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9682.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kashif Irshad. 2021. "Performance Improvement of Thermoelectric Air Cooler System by Using Variable-Pulse Current for Building Applications." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9682.

Article
Published: 30 July 2021 in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
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This paper has focused on investigating the structure, dielectric, and magnetic characteristic of Sn-ZnO nanopowder with Sn (x = 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) synthesized by the co-precipitation technique. Our objective was to obtain the material of low dielectric constant, high electrical conductivity, and magnetism. X-ray diffraction confirmed the Sn-ZnO nanoparticles have a ZnO-like hexagonal structure. It is found that the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and a.c conductivity of doped nanoparticles were frequency-dependent. The dielectric constant of all the doped samples were increased by the increase in the Sn-doped concentration, while the decrease in frequency increased the dielectric constant and loss. Moreover, the a.c conductivity was increased by the increase in Sn concentration and frequency. Ferromagnetism was observed in ZnO doped with 4% and 6% Sn at room temperature. In addition, a robust magnetic hysteresis loop was observed for doped with 4% Sn to ZnO nanopowder at 300 K with coercive field (Hc) ~ 49 Oe and remnant magnetization (Mr) ~ 0.189 emu/g. The loss of magnetism at higher Sn- ZnO nanopowder was assigned to the suppression of ferromagnetism through paramagnetic interactions. The experimental results showed that 4% Sn- ZnO became ferromagnetic, its lattice shrink and size decreased, which is important for excellent magnetic properties and electrical conductivity. These types of materials have a large number of applications in high-frequency devices, ultrahigh dielectric material gas sensors, spintronics, and optoelectronics.

ACS Style

Rajwali Khan; Vineet Tirth; Amjad Ali; Kashif Irshad; Nasir Rahman; Ali Algahtani; Mohammad Sohail; Saiful Isalm. Effect of Sn-doping on the structural, optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles for spintronics applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 2021, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Rajwali Khan, Vineet Tirth, Amjad Ali, Kashif Irshad, Nasir Rahman, Ali Algahtani, Mohammad Sohail, Saiful Isalm. Effect of Sn-doping on the structural, optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles for spintronics applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 2021; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rajwali Khan; Vineet Tirth; Amjad Ali; Kashif Irshad; Nasir Rahman; Ali Algahtani; Mohammad Sohail; Saiful Isalm. 2021. "Effect of Sn-doping on the structural, optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles for spintronics applications." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics , no. : 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Cu- and Sm-doped ZnO nanorod arrays were grown with 1 wt% of Sm and different weight percents (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt%) of Cu by two-step hydrothermal method. The influence of Cu concentration and precursor of Sm on the structural, optical and photovoltaic properties of ZnO nanorod arrays was investigated. An X-ray diffraction study showed that the nanorod arrays grown along the (002) plane, i.e., c-axis, had hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. The lattice strain is present in all samples and shows an increasing trend with Cu/Sm concentration. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphology and the nanorod arrays grown vertically on the FTO substrates. The diameter of nanorod arrays ranged from 68 nm to 137 nm and was found highly dependent on Cu concentration and Sm precursor while the density of nanorod arrays almost remains the same. The grown nanorod arrays served as photoelectrodes for fabricating dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The overall light to electricity conversion efficiency ranged from 1.74% (sample S1, doped with 1 wt% of Sm and 0.0 wt% of Cu) to more than 4.14% (sample S4, doped with 1 wt% of Sm and 1.5 wt% of Cu), which is 60% higher than former sample S1. The increment in DSSCs efficiency is attributed either because of the doping of Sm3+ ions which increase the absorption region of light spectrum by up/down conversion or the doping of Cu ions which decrease the recombination and backward transfer of photo-generated electrons and increase the electron transport mobility. This work indicates that the coupled use of Cu and Sm in ZnO nanorod array films have the potential to enhance the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells.

ACS Style

Muhammad Saleem; Ali Algahtani; Saif Rehman; Muhammad Javed; Kashif Irshad; Hafiz Ali; Muhammad Malik; Amjad Ali; Vineet Tirth; Saiful Islam. Solution Processed Zn1−xySmxCuyO Nanorod Arrays for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1710 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Saleem, Ali Algahtani, Saif Rehman, Muhammad Javed, Kashif Irshad, Hafiz Ali, Muhammad Malik, Amjad Ali, Vineet Tirth, Saiful Islam. Solution Processed Zn1−xySmxCuyO Nanorod Arrays for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (7):1710.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Saleem; Ali Algahtani; Saif Rehman; Muhammad Javed; Kashif Irshad; Hafiz Ali; Muhammad Malik; Amjad Ali; Vineet Tirth; Saiful Islam. 2021. "Solution Processed Zn1−xySmxCuyO Nanorod Arrays for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7: 1710.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2021 in Processes
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Electricity generation from renewable energy (RE) sources has not been well utilized in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). KSA has publicized its Vision 2030 renewable energy target to deploy 58.7 gigawatts of RE, paving the way for a low-carbon economy in the country. Renewable portfolio standard (RPS) may play an influential role as a policy instrument to stimulate the RE development and consumption on a large scale and pursue the Vision 2030 objectives. In this study, the renewable portfolio standards policy assessment was carried out to investigate the issues impelling the employment of or plan to adopt RPS. To elucidate the collaborating interaction amongst the multiple stakeholders at different levels in the formulation of renewable portfolio standard, in this assessment study, we used a multi-theoretical approach for examining the policy networks theory (PNT) to inspect the communication links and strategies of different actors who are responsible and involved in KSA policy formulation and enactment. It will help overcome the interaction limitations amongst the actors, contribute to understanding various actors’ behaviors and facilitate RPS development and implementation. In this paper, PNT’s four strategy phases (interaction, agenda-setting, action plan and legislative) are used for RPS development assessment. In this paper, we presented KSA’s overall systematic picture for RPS formulation to adopt and implement it practically for a collaborative relationship between five actors—policy and regulatory bodies, professional bodies, inter-governmental bodies, power producers and social networks—at different levels by using PNT to analyze the interactive relationship amongst actors. This detailed analysis will help KSA overcome the institutional relationship and interaction limitations of the actors in RPS formulation and thereby offer significant success for RE deployment in KSA, while providing viable ideas, procedures and bases for government departments to formulate applicable policies for the renewable energy system efficiently. The evaluation of the communications among major partakers in the policy network field helps to efficiently explicate the hindrances in policy formulation and enactment to make the RPS more effective.

ACS Style

Amjad Ali; Fahad Al-Sulaiman; Ibrahim Al-Duais; Kashif Irshad; Muhammad Malik; Shafiullah; Hasan Zahir; Hafiz Ali; Sheraz Malik. Renewable Portfolio Standard Development Assessment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the Perspective of Policy Networks Theory. Processes 2021, 9, 1123 .

AMA Style

Amjad Ali, Fahad Al-Sulaiman, Ibrahim Al-Duais, Kashif Irshad, Muhammad Malik, Shafiullah, Hasan Zahir, Hafiz Ali, Sheraz Malik. Renewable Portfolio Standard Development Assessment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the Perspective of Policy Networks Theory. Processes. 2021; 9 (7):1123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amjad Ali; Fahad Al-Sulaiman; Ibrahim Al-Duais; Kashif Irshad; Muhammad Malik; Shafiullah; Hasan Zahir; Hafiz Ali; Sheraz Malik. 2021. "Renewable Portfolio Standard Development Assessment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the Perspective of Policy Networks Theory." Processes 9, no. 7: 1123.

Journal article
Published: 22 June 2021 in Nanomaterials
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The properties of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG)/MgCaCO3, a low-cost shape-selective phase change material (ss-PCM), make it highly suitable for solar thermal applications. Nanosized porous MgO-doped CaCO3 with Mg molar concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% were synthesized using a hydrothermal technique. The prepared MgO-CaCO3 matrices were then impregnated with PEG to obtain PEG/MgCaCO3 as an ss-PCM. Samples identified as PEG-5MgCaCO3 (P-5-MCC), PEG-10MgCaCO3 (P-10-MCC), and PEG-15MgCaCO3 (P-15-MCC) were prepared and studied. Interestingly, P-10-MCC has the smallest particle size together with a good porous structure compared to the other two materials. The results of thermogravimetric analyses and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that the small particle size and porous structure facilitate the impregnation of approximately 69% of the PEG into the 10-MCC matrix. The latent heat and energy storage efficiency of PEG in the P-10-MCC sample are 152.5 J/g and 96.48%, respectively, which are significantly higher than those of comparable materials. Furthermore, in addition to the improvement of the thermal conductivity of the P-10-MCC, its supercooling is also reduced to some extent. The combined mesoporous and macro-porous structure of P-10-MCC is critical to retaining a large amount of PEG within the matrix, resulting in a high latent heat in the operating temperature range of 35–57 °C. The P-10MCC sample also demonstrates a high energy storage capacity (98.59%), high thermal energy storage/release rates, and exceptional shape-stabilized PCM properties.

ACS Style

Hasan Zahir; Mohammad Rahman; Salem Basamad; Khaled Mohaisen; Kashif Irshad; Mohammad Rahman; Abdul Aziz; Amjad Ali; Mohammad Hossain. Preparation of a Sustainable Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage Based on Mg2+-Doped CaCO3/PEG Composites. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1639 .

AMA Style

Hasan Zahir, Mohammad Rahman, Salem Basamad, Khaled Mohaisen, Kashif Irshad, Mohammad Rahman, Abdul Aziz, Amjad Ali, Mohammad Hossain. Preparation of a Sustainable Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage Based on Mg2+-Doped CaCO3/PEG Composites. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (7):1639.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hasan Zahir; Mohammad Rahman; Salem Basamad; Khaled Mohaisen; Kashif Irshad; Mohammad Rahman; Abdul Aziz; Amjad Ali; Mohammad Hossain. 2021. "Preparation of a Sustainable Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage Based on Mg2+-Doped CaCO3/PEG Composites." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7: 1639.

Review
Published: 02 April 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Nanotechnology has emerged as a field with promising applications in building materials. Nanotechnology-based mortars are examples of such building materials that have widespread applications in the construction industry. The main nanomaterials used in mortars include nano-silica, nano-magnesium oxide, nano-alumina, nano-titanium oxide, nano-zinc oxide, nano-clay, and nano-carbon. This review paper presents a summary of the properties and effects of these nanomaterials on cement mortar in terms of its fresh-state and hard-state properties. The fresh-state properties include the setting time, consistency, and workability, while the hard-state properties include mechanical properties such as compressive, flexural, tensile strengths, as well as the elasticity modulus, in addition to durability properties such as water absorption, shrinkage strain, strength loss due to freeze–thaw cycles, and chloride penetration, among others. Different nanomaterials cause different physical and chemical alterations within the microstructures of cement mortar. Therefore, the microstructural characterization and densification of mortar are discussed in detail at varying temperatures. In general, the involvement of nanomaterials in cement mortar influences the fresh-state properties, enhances the mechanical properties, and impacts the durability properties, while reducing the porosity present in the mortar matrix. Cementitious nanomaterials can create a pathway for the easy injection of binding materials into the internal microstructures of a hydration gel to impact the hydration process at different rates, whereas their non-cementitious counterparts can act as fillers. Furthermore, the research gaps and future outlook regarding the application of nanomaterials in mortar are discussed.

ACS Style

M. Khan; M. Imam; Kashif Irshad; Hafiz Ali; Mohd Hasan; Saiful Islam. Comparative Overview of the Performance of Cementitious and Non-Cementitious Nanomaterials in Mortar at Normal and Elevated Temperatures. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 911 .

AMA Style

M. Khan, M. Imam, Kashif Irshad, Hafiz Ali, Mohd Hasan, Saiful Islam. Comparative Overview of the Performance of Cementitious and Non-Cementitious Nanomaterials in Mortar at Normal and Elevated Temperatures. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (4):911.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Khan; M. Imam; Kashif Irshad; Hafiz Ali; Mohd Hasan; Saiful Islam. 2021. "Comparative Overview of the Performance of Cementitious and Non-Cementitious Nanomaterials in Mortar at Normal and Elevated Temperatures." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4: 911.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Au-doped ZnO–samarium nitrate (Sm) nanoparticles with fixed concentrations of Sm (1 wt %) and various concentrations of Au (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt %) were prepared and used as photoelectrodes to enhance the photovoltaic efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The cell fabricated with 1.5 wt % of Au-doped ZnO–Sm nanoparticles film achieved an optimal efficiency of 4.35%, which is about 76% higher than that of 0.0 wt % of Au-doped ZnO–Sm-based cell (2.47%). This increase might be due to the formation of a blocking layer at the ZnO–Sm/Au interface, which inhibits the recombination of electrons. This increase may also be attributed to the addition of rare-earth ions in ZnO to enhance the non-absorbable wavelength region of light via up/down-conversion of near-infrared and ultraviolet radiations to visible emission and reduce the recombination loss of electron in the cell. The efficiency of cells may be increased by the blocking layer and up/down-conversion process and thus promote the overall performance of the cells. This work indicates that Au-doped ZnO–Sm nanoparticle films have the potential to increase the performance of DSSCs.

ACS Style

Muhammad Saleem; Kashif Irshad; Saif Ur Rehman; M. Javed; Mohd Hasan; Hafiz Ali; Amjad Ali; Muhammad Malik; Saiful Islam. Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 702 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Saleem, Kashif Irshad, Saif Ur Rehman, M. Javed, Mohd Hasan, Hafiz Ali, Amjad Ali, Muhammad Malik, Saiful Islam. Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (3):702.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Saleem; Kashif Irshad; Saif Ur Rehman; M. Javed; Mohd Hasan; Hafiz Ali; Amjad Ali; Muhammad Malik; Saiful Islam. 2021. "Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3: 702.

Research article
Published: 15 February 2021 in International Journal of Photoenergy
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In an attempt to meet the global demand, renewable energy systems (RES) have gained an interest in it due to the availability of the resources, especially solar photovoltaic system that has been an importance since many years because of per watt cost reduction, improvement in efficiency, and abundant availability. Photovoltaic system in remote and rural areas is very useful where a grid supply is unavailable. In this scenario, power electronic converters are an integral part of the renewable energy systems particularly for electronic devices which are operated from renewable energy sources and energy storage system (fuel cell and batteries). In this article, a new topology of charge pump capacitor (CPC) which is based on high voltage gain technique DC-DC boost converter (DCBC) with dynamic modeling is proposed. To testify the efficacy of the introduced topology, a prototype has been developed in a laboratory, where input was given 10VDC and 80VDC output voltage achieved at the load side. Furthermore, the experimental result shows that the voltage stress of MOSFET switches is very less in comparison with the conventional boost converter with the same parameters as the proposed converter.

ACS Style

Muhammad Zeeshan Malik; Vineet Tirth; Amjad Ali; Ajmal Farooq; Ali Algahtani; Rajesh Verma; Saiful Islam; Kashif Irshad; Ahmed N. Abdalla. Efficient Topology for DC-DC Boost Converter Based on Charge Pump Capacitor for Renewable Energy System. International Journal of Photoenergy 2021, 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Muhammad Zeeshan Malik, Vineet Tirth, Amjad Ali, Ajmal Farooq, Ali Algahtani, Rajesh Verma, Saiful Islam, Kashif Irshad, Ahmed N. Abdalla. Efficient Topology for DC-DC Boost Converter Based on Charge Pump Capacitor for Renewable Energy System. International Journal of Photoenergy. 2021; 2021 ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Zeeshan Malik; Vineet Tirth; Amjad Ali; Ajmal Farooq; Ali Algahtani; Rajesh Verma; Saiful Islam; Kashif Irshad; Ahmed N. Abdalla. 2021. "Efficient Topology for DC-DC Boost Converter Based on Charge Pump Capacitor for Renewable Energy System." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021, no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2020 in Energy
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The integration of a photovoltaic system with the Trombe wall system (PVTW) is effective in thermal load regulation of buildings and electrical energy production. The modification of the PVTW system by adding a Venetian blind can regulate the airflow and provide shading. In this study, the experimental and numerical simulation results for the novel Photovoltaic Trombe wall system with a Venetian blind (PVTW_Ven) and the conventional Trombe wall system with a Venetian blind (TW_Ven) are compared. The experiments were conducted in a test room equipped with the PVTW_Ven and TW_Ven systems located in Abha, Asir Province of Saudi Arabia, with semiarid climatic conditions. The results obtained by numerical simulation were validated by comparing with experimental results. The results indicate that the average heat gain of the TW_Ven configuration is 1.33 times more than that of the PVTW_Ven configuration, with a 5.2 °C higher outer wall surface temperature. The temperature can be systematically regulated inside the test room by installing a Venetian blind with the slats at optimal 60º in the air gap of both configurations. The maximum temperature of the Venetian blind in the PVTW_Ven configuration is 4.7 °C lower than that in TW_Ven.

ACS Style

Nazrul Islam; Kashif Irshad; Hasan Zahir; Saiful Islam. Numerical and experimental study on the performance of a Photovoltaic Trombe wall system with Venetian blinds. Energy 2020, 218, 119542 .

AMA Style

Nazrul Islam, Kashif Irshad, Hasan Zahir, Saiful Islam. Numerical and experimental study on the performance of a Photovoltaic Trombe wall system with Venetian blinds. Energy. 2020; 218 ():119542.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nazrul Islam; Kashif Irshad; Hasan Zahir; Saiful Islam. 2020. "Numerical and experimental study on the performance of a Photovoltaic Trombe wall system with Venetian blinds." Energy 218, no. : 119542.

Journal article
Published: 09 November 2020 in Agriculture
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Recent developments in the controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) have led to the new modern agriculture industry, also known as precision farming. Biopolymers as encapsulating agents for the production of controlled-release fertilizers have helped to overcome many challenging problems such as nutrients’ leaching, soil degradation, soil debris, and hefty production cost. Mechanistic modeling of biopolymers coated CRF makes it challenging due to the complicated phenomenon of biodegradation. In this study, a machine learning model is developed utilizing Gaussian process regression to predict the nutrient release time from biopolymer coated CRF with the input parameters consisting of diffusion coefficient, coefficient of-variance of coating thickness, coating mass thickness, coefficient of variance of size distribution and surface hardness from biopolymer coated controlled-release fertilizer. The developed model has shown greater prediction capabilities measured with R2 equalling 1 and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) equalling 0.003. The developed model can be utilized to study the nutrient release profile of different biopolymers’-coated controlled-release fertilizers.

ACS Style

Sayed Irfan; Babar Azeem; Kashif Irshad; Salem Algarni; KuZilati KuShaari; Saiful Islam; Mostafa Abdelmohimen. Machine Learning Model for Nutrient Release from Biopolymers Coated Controlled-Release Fertilizer. Agriculture 2020, 10, 538 .

AMA Style

Sayed Irfan, Babar Azeem, Kashif Irshad, Salem Algarni, KuZilati KuShaari, Saiful Islam, Mostafa Abdelmohimen. Machine Learning Model for Nutrient Release from Biopolymers Coated Controlled-Release Fertilizer. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (11):538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sayed Irfan; Babar Azeem; Kashif Irshad; Salem Algarni; KuZilati KuShaari; Saiful Islam; Mostafa Abdelmohimen. 2020. "Machine Learning Model for Nutrient Release from Biopolymers Coated Controlled-Release Fertilizer." Agriculture 10, no. 11: 538.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2020 in IEEE Access
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A significant growth in solar photovoltaic (PV) installation has observed during the last decade in standalone and grid-connected power generation systems. The solar PV system has a non-linear output characteristic because of weather intermittency, which tends to have a substantial effect on overall PV system output. Hence, to optimize the output of a PV system, different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques have been used. But, the confusion lies while selecting an appropriate MPPT, as every method has its own merits and demerits. Therefore, a proper review of these techniques is essential. A “ Google Scholar ” survey of the last five years (2015-2020) was conducted. It has found that overall seventy-one review articles are published on different MPPT techniques; out of those seventy-one, only four are on uniform solar irradiance, seven on non-uniform and none on hybrid optimization MPPT techniques. Most of them have discussed the limited number of MPPT techniques, and none of them has discussed the online and offline under uniform and hybrid MPPT techniques under non-uniform solar irradiance conditions all together in one. Unfortunately, very few attempts have made in this regard. Therefore, a comprehensive review paper on this topic is need of time, in which almost all the well-known MPPT techniques should be encapsulated in one paper. This article focuses on classifications of online, offline, and hybrid optimization MPPT algorithms, under the uniform and non-uniform irradiance conditions. It summarizes various MPPT methods along with their mathematical expression, operating principle, and block diagram/flow charts. This research will provide a valuable pathway to researchers, energy engineers, and strategists for future research and implementation in the field of maximum power point tracking optimization.

ACS Style

Amjad Ali; Khalid Almutairi; Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban; Vineet Tirth; Salem Algarni; Kashif Irshad; Saiful Islam; Hasan Zahir; Shafiullah; Muhammad Zeeshan Malik. Investigation of MPPT Techniques Under Uniform and Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation Condition–A Retrospection. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 127368 -127392.

AMA Style

Amjad Ali, Khalid Almutairi, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Vineet Tirth, Salem Algarni, Kashif Irshad, Saiful Islam, Hasan Zahir, Shafiullah, Muhammad Zeeshan Malik. Investigation of MPPT Techniques Under Uniform and Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation Condition–A Retrospection. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():127368-127392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amjad Ali; Khalid Almutairi; Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban; Vineet Tirth; Salem Algarni; Kashif Irshad; Saiful Islam; Hasan Zahir; Shafiullah; Muhammad Zeeshan Malik. 2020. "Investigation of MPPT Techniques Under Uniform and Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation Condition–A Retrospection." IEEE Access 8, no. : 127368-127392.

Articles
Published: 26 June 2020 in Heat Transfer Engineering
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Water scarcity is the biggest survival challenge for the current generation, and atmospheric water condensation can be a solution. This paper presents the results of a numerical and experimental evaluation of a novel thermoelectric air duct dehumidifier system (TE-ADD) installed on a test chamber. The subject system, made of twenty-four thermoelectric modules along with heat sinks and fans, was used to produce freshwater by extracting moisture from ambient air. The performance of the system was evaluated as a function of the input power and the airflow rate. The results show that the water condensate production increases and the optimal value is achieved for an input power to the TE-ADD system of 6 A at 5 V. A further increase of the input power adversely affects the performance of the system. The condensate production also depends on the flow rate of the air. The optimal flow rate of air at an input current of 5 A and 6 A is 0.011 kg/s. Thus, this system solves two critical environmental issues, i.e., decrease of the thermal load and freshwater production, simultaneously.

ACS Style

Kashif Irshad; Abdulmohsen Almalawi; Khairul Habib; Hasan Zahir; Amjad Ali; Saiful Islam; Bidyut Baran Saha. Experimental Study of a Thermoelectric Air Duct Dehumidification System for Tropical Climate. Heat Transfer Engineering 2020, 42, 1159 -1171.

AMA Style

Kashif Irshad, Abdulmohsen Almalawi, Khairul Habib, Hasan Zahir, Amjad Ali, Saiful Islam, Bidyut Baran Saha. Experimental Study of a Thermoelectric Air Duct Dehumidification System for Tropical Climate. Heat Transfer Engineering. 2020; 42 (13-14):1159-1171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kashif Irshad; Abdulmohsen Almalawi; Khairul Habib; Hasan Zahir; Amjad Ali; Saiful Islam; Bidyut Baran Saha. 2020. "Experimental Study of a Thermoelectric Air Duct Dehumidification System for Tropical Climate." Heat Transfer Engineering 42, no. 13-14: 1159-1171.

Review
Published: 23 June 2020 in Energies
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Significant growth in solar photovoltaic (PV) installation has been observed during the last decade in standalone and grid-connected power generation systems. However, the PV system has a non-linear output characteristic because of weather intermittency, which tends to a substantial loss in overall system output. Thus, to optimize the output of the PV system, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used to track the global maximum power point (GMPP) and extract the maximum power from the PV system under different weather conditions with better precision. Since MPPT is an essential part of the PV system, to date, many MPPT methods have been developed by various researchers, each with unique features. A Google Scholar survey of the last five years (2015–2020) was performed to investigate the number of review articles published. It was found that overall, seventy-one review articles were published on different MPPT techniques; out of those, only four were on non-uniform solar irradiance, and seven review articles included shading conditions. Unfortunately, very few attempts were made in this regard. Therefore, a comprehensive review paper on this topic is needed, in which almost all the well-known MPPT techniques should be encapsulated in one document. This article focuses on online and soft-computing MPPT algorithm classifications under non-uniform irradiance conditions along with their mathematical expression, operating principles, and block diagram/flow charts. It will provide a direction for future research and development in the field of maximum power point tracking optimization.

ACS Style

Amjad Ali; K. Almutairi; Muhammad Zeeshan Malik; Kashif Irshad; Vineet Tirth; Salem Algarni; Hasan Zahir; Saiful Islam; Shafiullah; Neeraj Kumar Shukla. Review of Online and Soft Computing Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques under Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation Conditions. Energies 2020, 13, 3256 .

AMA Style

Amjad Ali, K. Almutairi, Muhammad Zeeshan Malik, Kashif Irshad, Vineet Tirth, Salem Algarni, Hasan Zahir, Saiful Islam, Shafiullah, Neeraj Kumar Shukla. Review of Online and Soft Computing Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques under Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation Conditions. Energies. 2020; 13 (12):3256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amjad Ali; K. Almutairi; Muhammad Zeeshan Malik; Kashif Irshad; Vineet Tirth; Salem Algarni; Hasan Zahir; Saiful Islam; Shafiullah; Neeraj Kumar Shukla. 2020. "Review of Online and Soft Computing Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques under Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation Conditions." Energies 13, no. 12: 3256.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2020 in Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications
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The performance of the heat sink has been investigated as using rods through its fins. The shear-stress transport k–ω model is selected to carry out this study. Two different flow directions have been studied. Four cases are represented, including the baseline case which has no rods through the fins. Two, four, and six rods are used through the fins. Thermal resistance, pumping power, and Nusselt number have been represented and discussed through this study. The results show that as the number of rods increases, the thermal resistance decreases while the required pumping power increases. The impinging flow direction shows higher performance as compared with the suction flow direction. As the Reynolds number increases, the Nusselt number increases for all studied cases. The optimum case along with the studied range of Reynolds number and number of rods is case-2 (has four rods through fins).

ACS Style

Mostafa A. H. Abdelmohimen; Salem Algarni; Khalid Almutairi; Gulam M. S. Ahmed; Kashif Irshad; Sayed Ameenudin Irfan. Improving Heat Transfer of Plate-Fin Heat Sinks Using Through Rod Configurations. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 2020, 13, 1 .

AMA Style

Mostafa A. H. Abdelmohimen, Salem Algarni, Khalid Almutairi, Gulam M. S. Ahmed, Kashif Irshad, Sayed Ameenudin Irfan. Improving Heat Transfer of Plate-Fin Heat Sinks Using Through Rod Configurations. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications. 2020; 13 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mostafa A. H. Abdelmohimen; Salem Algarni; Khalid Almutairi; Gulam M. S. Ahmed; Kashif Irshad; Sayed Ameenudin Irfan. 2020. "Improving Heat Transfer of Plate-Fin Heat Sinks Using Through Rod Configurations." Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 13, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2020 in Sensors
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This paper develops an islanding classification mechanism to overcome the problems of non-detection zones in conventional islanding detection mechanisms. This process is achieved by adapting the support vector-based data description technique with Gaussian radial basis function kernels for islanding and non-islanding events in single phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. To overcome the non-detection zone, excess and deficit power imbalance conditions are considered for different loading conditions. These imbalances are characterized by the voltage dip scenario and were subjected to feature extraction for training with the machine learning technique. This is experimentally realized by training the machine learning classifier with different events on a 5 kW grid-connected system. Using the concept of detection and false alarm rates, the performance of the trained classifier is tested for multiple faults and power imbalance conditions. The results showed the effective operation of the classifier with a detection rate of 99.2% and a false alarm rate of 0.2%.

ACS Style

Ahteshamul Haque; Abdulaziz Alshareef; Asif Irshad Khan; Mottahir Alam; Varaha Satya Bharath Kurukuru; Kashif Irshad. Data Description Technique-Based Islanding Classification for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System. Sensors 2020, 20, 3320 .

AMA Style

Ahteshamul Haque, Abdulaziz Alshareef, Asif Irshad Khan, Mottahir Alam, Varaha Satya Bharath Kurukuru, Kashif Irshad. Data Description Technique-Based Islanding Classification for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System. Sensors. 2020; 20 (11):3320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahteshamul Haque; Abdulaziz Alshareef; Asif Irshad Khan; Mottahir Alam; Varaha Satya Bharath Kurukuru; Kashif Irshad. 2020. "Data Description Technique-Based Islanding Classification for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System." Sensors 20, no. 11: 3320.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2020 in IEEE Access
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Subjective analysis of thermal comfort of occupants relates to the recording of the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of occupants with regard to indoor environmental conditions on a scale which ranges from -5 to +5. This requires recruitment of subjects and matching for gender, age etc. In this study, we have tried to predict the thermal comfort of occupants by observing their real behavior inside the test room fitted with a novel thermoelectric air duct (TE-AD) cooling system rather than a conventional air conditioning system. Firstly, real experimental data were collected for more than two months from the test room equipped with the TE-AD cooling system operated at an input power supply of 6 A and 5 V. After that, the ANN model was developed based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm by taking experimental parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature, wind speed, metabolic rate, and clothing value as model input. The ANN model is optimized by developing different models with different data points as a starting input in the training and validation process. The neuron optimization has been carried out in these models to minimize the mean square error (MSE) for the ANN model. The result shows that among the three models M1, M2, and M3, the optimum predictive mean value (PMV) was obtained from M1 at 10 neurons with MSE of 0.07956, while for predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD), M3 gives optimum accuracy at 10 neurons with MSE value of 5.1789. The ANN model is then generalized to predict thermal comfort for one week and then for one month. Finally, all the model results were validated with the experimental data.

ACS Style

Kashif Irshad; Asif Irshad Khan; Sayed Ameenuddin Irfan; Mottahir Alam; Abdulmohsen Almalawi; Hasan Zahir. Utilizing Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Occupants Thermal Comfort: A Case Study of a Test Room Fitted With a Thermoelectric Air-Conditioning System. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 99709 -99728.

AMA Style

Kashif Irshad, Asif Irshad Khan, Sayed Ameenuddin Irfan, Mottahir Alam, Abdulmohsen Almalawi, Hasan Zahir. Utilizing Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Occupants Thermal Comfort: A Case Study of a Test Room Fitted With a Thermoelectric Air-Conditioning System. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):99709-99728.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kashif Irshad; Asif Irshad Khan; Sayed Ameenuddin Irfan; Mottahir Alam; Abdulmohsen Almalawi; Hasan Zahir. 2020. "Utilizing Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Occupants Thermal Comfort: A Case Study of a Test Room Fitted With a Thermoelectric Air-Conditioning System." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 99709-99728.

Review
Published: 02 March 2020 in Journal of Molecular Liquids
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Researches on the improvement of heat transfer using nanofluids, ionanofluids, and nanofluid assisted devices have gained significant attention worldwide since the previous decade due to their remarkable properties. However, there are many difficulties in preparing a stable nanofluid and integrating it for practical applications to increase the dissipation of heat from any thermal systems. Even though there are some reviews on nanofluids and nanofluid assisted heat transfer devices separately, an attempt has been made to analyze the latest researches on nanofluids and ionanofluids that lead to an important discussion to enhance the thermal performance of a system. In this paper, we summarized the preparation, thermophysical and hydrothermal properties, mechanisms, factors responsible for obtaining stable and enhanced thermophysical properties furthermore and its benefits on integration with heat transfer applications. The present study compiles theoretical and experimental studies from researchers investigating on stable nanofluids and ionanofluids, incorporating their effects on heat transfer applications.

ACS Style

Balaji Bakthavatchalam; Khairul Habib; R. Saidur; Bidyut Baran Saha; Kashif Irshad. Comprehensive study on nanofluid and ionanofluid for heat transfer enhancement: A review on current and future perspective. Journal of Molecular Liquids 2020, 305, 112787 .

AMA Style

Balaji Bakthavatchalam, Khairul Habib, R. Saidur, Bidyut Baran Saha, Kashif Irshad. Comprehensive study on nanofluid and ionanofluid for heat transfer enhancement: A review on current and future perspective. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2020; 305 ():112787.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Balaji Bakthavatchalam; Khairul Habib; R. Saidur; Bidyut Baran Saha; Kashif Irshad. 2020. "Comprehensive study on nanofluid and ionanofluid for heat transfer enhancement: A review on current and future perspective." Journal of Molecular Liquids 305, no. : 112787.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2020 in Sustainability
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This study investigates the performance of the thermoelectric air conditioning (TE-AC) system smartly controlled by the Internet of Things (IoT)-based configuration for real tropical climatic application. Air cooling management was done through thermoelectric coolers, and an Arduino microcontroller with various sensors such as a temperature sensor, simple RF modules, and actuators was used to control the indoor climatic conditions based on outdoor conditions. The result shows that when the input power supply to the IoT-based TE-AC system is increased, the cooling capacity of the framework is also enhanced. Significant power and carbon emission reduction was observed for the IoT-based TE-AC system as compared to the TE-AC system without IoT. The IoT-incorporated system also ensures better microclimatic temperature control. Additionally, the system cooling capacity improves by 14.0%, and the coefficient of performance is increased by 46.3%. Thus, this study provides a smart solution to the two major energy harvesting issues of traditional air conditioners—an increase in energy efficiency by employing a TE-AC system and a further improvement in efficiency by using an IoT-based thermal management system.

ACS Style

Kashif Irshad; Abdulmohsen Almalawi; Asif Irshad Khan; Mottahir Alam; Hasan Zahir; Amjad Ali. An IoT-Based Thermoelectric Air Management Framework for Smart Building Applications: A Case Study for Tropical Climate. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1564 .

AMA Style

Kashif Irshad, Abdulmohsen Almalawi, Asif Irshad Khan, Mottahir Alam, Hasan Zahir, Amjad Ali. An IoT-Based Thermoelectric Air Management Framework for Smart Building Applications: A Case Study for Tropical Climate. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1564.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kashif Irshad; Abdulmohsen Almalawi; Asif Irshad Khan; Mottahir Alam; Hasan Zahir; Amjad Ali. 2020. "An IoT-Based Thermoelectric Air Management Framework for Smart Building Applications: A Case Study for Tropical Climate." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1564.

Journal article
Published: 12 December 2019 in Nanomaterials
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Heat energy storage systems were fabricated with the impregnation method using MgO and Mg(OH)2 as supporting materials and polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) as the functional phase. MgO and Mg(OH)2 were synthesized from the salt Mg(NO3)·6H2O by performing hydrothermal reactions with various precipitating agents. The precipitating agents were NaOH, KOH, NH3, NH3 with pamoic acid (PA), or (NH4)2CO3. The result shows that the selection of the precipitating agent has a significant impact on the crystallite structure, size, and shape of the final products. Of the precipitating agents tested, only NaOH and NH3 with PA produce single-phase Mg(OH)2 as the as-synthesized product. Pore size distribution analyses revealed that the surfaces of the as-synthesized MgO have a slit-like pore structure with a broad-type pore size distribution, whereas the as-synthesized Mg(OH)2 has a mesoporous structure with a narrow pore size distribution. This structure enhances the latent heat of the phase change material (PCM) as well as super cooling mitigation. The PEG/Mg(OH)2 PCM also exhibits reproducible behavior over a large number of thermal cycles. Both MgO and Mg(OH)2 matrices prevent the leakage of liquid PEG during the phase transition in phase change materials (PCMs). However, MgO/PEG has a low impregnation ratio and efficiency, with a low thermal storage capability. This is due to the large pore diameter, which does not allow MgO to retain a larger amount of PEG. The latent heat values of PEG-1000/PEG-6000 blends with MgO and Mg(OH)2 were also determined with a view to extending the application of the PCMs to energy storage over wider temperature ranges.

ACS Style

Hasan Zahir; Mohammad Mizanur Rahman; Kashif Irshad; Mohammad Mominur Rahman; Mohammad Rahman; Mohammad Rahman. Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Materials for Solar Energy Storage: MgO and Mg(OH)2 Mixed with Polyethylene Glycol. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1773 .

AMA Style

Hasan Zahir, Mohammad Mizanur Rahman, Kashif Irshad, Mohammad Mominur Rahman, Mohammad Rahman, Mohammad Rahman. Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Materials for Solar Energy Storage: MgO and Mg(OH)2 Mixed with Polyethylene Glycol. Nanomaterials. 2019; 9 (12):1773.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hasan Zahir; Mohammad Mizanur Rahman; Kashif Irshad; Mohammad Mominur Rahman; Mohammad Rahman; Mohammad Rahman. 2019. "Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Materials for Solar Energy Storage: MgO and Mg(OH)2 Mixed with Polyethylene Glycol." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12: 1773.

Research article
Published: 11 November 2019 in Energy & Fuels
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Ca2+-doped MgCO3 forms a porous matrix that can encapsulate polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) using a simple impregnation method to form a shape-stabilized functional phase change composite for use in thermal energy storage. A facile hydrothermal route was developed to prepare unique rhombohedral anhydrous MgCO3. The rhombohedral building blocks disintegrated during a hydrothermal reaction in the presence of 15 mol % Ca2+ (15CaMgCO3) to produce very small particles with a porous structure. The hydrothermally synthesized 15CaMgCO3 powders were used to encapsulate PEG and form a phase change material that did not leak liquid PEG during phase transitions. This PEG/15CaMgCO3 shape-stabilized composite phase change material displayed reproducible behavior over a large number of thermal cycles. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results indicate that the melting temperature of the PEG/15CaMgCO3 material is 61.59 °C, and the latent heat is 193 J/g. The composites have significantly higher thermal enthalpies, high thermal conductivities, and less supercooling than those of long-established shape-stabilized phase change materials (PCMs). The presence of OH– on the surface of the PCM probably mitigates the supercooling effect. These results were confirmed with DSC and thermogravimetric analysis, and the characteristics of the PCMs were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pore size distribution data.

ACS Style

Hasan Zahir; Kashif Irshad; Abdul Aziz; Shafiullah; Mohammad Mizanur Rahman; Mohammad M. Hossain. Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material for Solar Thermal Energy Storage: CaO Containing MgCO3 Mixed with Polyethylene Glycol. Energy & Fuels 2019, 33, 12041 -12051.

AMA Style

Hasan Zahir, Kashif Irshad, Abdul Aziz, Shafiullah, Mohammad Mizanur Rahman, Mohammad M. Hossain. Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material for Solar Thermal Energy Storage: CaO Containing MgCO3 Mixed with Polyethylene Glycol. Energy & Fuels. 2019; 33 (11):12041-12051.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hasan Zahir; Kashif Irshad; Abdul Aziz; Shafiullah; Mohammad Mizanur Rahman; Mohammad M. Hossain. 2019. "Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material for Solar Thermal Energy Storage: CaO Containing MgCO3 Mixed with Polyethylene Glycol." Energy & Fuels 33, no. 11: 12041-12051.