This article proposes a comprehensive framework for enhancing information exchange in ship maintenance through the integration of Digital Twins (DTs) and the Internet of Things (IoT). The maritime industry faces significant challenges in maintaining ships due to issues like data silos, delayed information flow, and insufficient real-time updates. By leveraging advanced technologies such as DTs and IoT, this framework aims to optimize maintenance processes, improve decision-making, and increase the operational efficiency of maritime vessels. Digital Twins create virtual replicas of physical assets, allowing for continuous monitoring, simulation, and prediction of ship conditions. Meanwhile, IoT devices enable real-time data collection and transmission from various ship components, facilitating a seamless flow of information. This integrated approach enhances predictive maintenance capabilities, reduces downtime, and improves resource allocation. The article will delve into the architecture of the proposed framework, implementation steps, and potential challenges, supported by case studies that demonstrate its practical application and benefits. By addressing these aspects, the framework aims to provide a robust solution for modernizing ship maintenance operations and ensuring the longevity and reliability of maritime assets.

The article discusses the features of designing a diagnostic system in which harmonic analysis is used to improve the quality of diagnostic information processing. The cyclic analog signal coming from the sensor and containing the diagnostic information is converted into a discrete signal. Accumulation of diagnostic information processed by equipment is carried out in the form of discrete signals. The processing and analysis of the obtained diagnostic information is carried out by applying harmonic analysis. Periodic processes of operation of vehicle units are associated with the occurrence of noise and vibration having a different frequency but related to the same node. A feature of the presented system is that it uses a contactless method of obtaining diagnostic information about the operation of vehicle units. The system calculates the speed of the node, measures the noise level and calculates the level of vibration that occurs during its operation. The article shows the results of experimental studies on the determination of vibration in vehicle nodes. Found relationship between the occurrence of noise and increasing the level of vibration of the node. The algorithm for the refinement of the harmonic analysis result is formalized, which makes it possible to eliminate the crude unpredictable error caused by the sampling of the analog signal. The application of pre-filtering algorithms analog signal from the sensor used to reduce the overall level of noise spectrum is substantiated. The article describes the structure of the diagnostic system allowing to determine the vibration level of rotating nodes. The use of harmonic analysis in the diagnostic system, in the conditions of a limited amount of diagnostic information, reduces the error in determining the amplitude of the vibration signal by 15-50%.

The paper describes the process of modeling and optimizing the operating conditions of vehicles for a section of the transport network using simulation tools. The cyphergrams of the transport flow intensities in the transportation hub were built, a graphic model of vehicle traffic in the transportation hub was built, and a transition probability matrix was compiled, which was used to simulate modeling and optimize vehicle operating conditions for the considered transport hub. It is necessary to use simulation modeling software that supports all simulation methods and a powerful built-in library for traffic modeling. The corresponding simulation model was created. With the help of it, modeling in the transport hub selected for research has been carried out and the optimum values of the duration of the phases of traffic light objects have been obtained. It has reduced the average travel time through the site, which is considered in the work, and the number of cars in traffic jams. In the process of modeling, the objective function is formed with the corresponding restrictions. Also, the task of optimizing operating conditions in the transport hub under study is formulated. Different process diagrams of the simulation model were created for different input parameters. Relevant agents and their populations were created too. The simulation error was 4%, which confirms the feasibility of using selected simulation modeling software to simulate and optimize the operating conditions of vehicles. In the future, modeling of a set of network sections can be used to select the optimal route for a vehicle, based on the optimization problem. The model can be used to solve problems of optimizing the movement of vehicles, and can also be used in the simulation and operation of intelligent transport systems in operating conditions.

This paper describes research focused upon improved the quality of automobile engine quality. Methods and models were developed for estimating and predicting the technical condition of internal combustion engine (ICE), which provides usage of the decision support making in the search for minimum fuel consumption regimes. We developed models of multi-criterion, multiparametric optimization of energy and material-material characteristics of ICE according to the system approach.The developed methods and models for estimating and predicting the technical state of the functionally interconnected and interacting ICE components are performed taking into account their hierarchy and topologies, energy resource used and the fuel. The cognitive methodology has been used to make engine models researches and analysis. The paper focuses on the fuzzy logic approach applying, considering the indeterminacy, incompleteness and unclear information in the engines operation processes. Cognitive, imitation and fuzzy models for estimating and predicting the technical state of ICE have been developed by the authors of this paper, which allowed to identify ICE’s most vulnerable components, set weight values, influence on fuel consumption according to the quantitative and qualitative energy interchange between ICE components.The received results provide quality enlargement of the ICE operation and their functional components, based on the developed estimation and prediction methods of their technical condition.The paper describes results the cross-platform software application which was implemented using the high-level Java programming language and XML markup language. Developed software allows us to provide user’s flexible interaction process with the module of the decision support system, which is based on implementation of the developed methods and models for the ICE technical condition estimating and predicting.Usage of the developed software helped to obtain optimization results of the energy and material characteristics of the explored ICE, which allows us to find several Pareto-optimal solutions for quality criteria that affect fuel consumption for each single model. This has led to a reduction of components wear, which leads to reducing fuel consumption during ICE operation.

The bulk of automobiles are equipped with ABS currently. Having of automatic devices that prevent vehicle wheels from locking and skidding does not require consideration of the normal reactions on the front and rear vehicle axles wheels’ changes dynamics. However, ABS malfunction is possible for various reasons, and in this case the braking system must provide the safety vehicle braking. To provide this, it is necessary to return to the problem of choosing the rational braking forces distribution between the wheels of the front and rear axles.Analysis of known methods for determining the rational choice of the braking forces distribution between the axes made it possible to reveal a number of inaccuracies and contradictions, to which the following notes can be attributed:traditionally it is determined the limiting forces distribution on the wheels’ adhesion with the road in case of emergency braking, and according to its braking moments distribution, which does not take into account the influence of inertial masses, which are applied to the wheels;when the normal reactions on wheels and their redistribution between the axles are determining, the changing in the point of application of the braking force, during the wheels' locking, is not taking into account (when the wheels are unblocked, the braking force is applied to the wheel axle, and when the wheels are locked, the braking force is applied to the contact spot of the wheels with the road).The article deals with analytical expressions which allow to make a rational choice of the brake moments distribution between the front and rear wheels, taking into account the inertial masses of a powertrain.It is shown that the known law of the ideal distribution of tangential reactions between the axes corresponds to the automobile braking with all blocked wheels. If it is necessary to bring simultaneously the front and rear wheels to the blocking limit, then it will be necessary to choose another law of braking forces distribution between the axles, at which the front brakes are weakened and the rear brakes are strengthened. Simultaneous bringing to the blocking limit the front and rear wheels does not prevent locking of the rear wheels first.It is determined that in case of the ABS failure on the rear wheels and the normal work of the ABS on the front wheels, makes it possible to improve the stability of the automobile (compared to the ABS failure on the all wheels) by increasing the normal load on the rear wheels.The recommendations, which are given, can be useful at the development of automobile braking systems. They will allow increasing safety of automobile braking not only at АВS malfunction, but also at service braking when АВS is not working.