The Orchidaceae family is of significant decorative, pharmaceutical, alimentary, and cultural importance worldwide. This family is very vulnerable due to illegal looting, habitat destruction, and climate change. The development of new hybrids helps meet the demand for specimens that possess outstanding appearance, fragrance, and resistance characteristics and may reduce illegal looting. The objective of this research was to investigate the in vitro propagation of the hybrid Rhyncattleanthe Queen Bee JLA 1 (Rth. Queen Bee JLA 1). Shoot induction was performed with germinated seedlings that were 1 cm in length on semi-solid MS medium with different 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA), and 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentrations. Micropropagation was conducted using a temporary immersion system (TIS), a liquid continuous immersion system (CIS), and a conventional semi-solid system (SSS). Afterwards, all regenerated seedlings underwent an acclimatization stage. The highest numbers of shoots (7.04) and leaves (14.28) were obtained with the combination of 1.5 mg L⁻¹ BAP and 0.4 mg L⁻¹ NAA, while the addition of 0.4 mg L⁻¹ IBA in combination with 1.5 mg L⁻¹ BAP enhanced the length of stems (2.12 cm) and leaves (1.88 cm). TIS produced the highest number of shoots (15.68), leaves (22.92), stem length (5.94 cm), and number of leaves (3.50) in seedlings analyzed. The combination of growth regulators BAP and NAA together with the temporary immersion system influenced both the development of the vitroplants and their vegetative development after acclimatization of the hybrid Rth. Queen Bee JLA1 orchid.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance, ruminal fermentation, in vivo digestibility, carcass yield, and physicochemical variables of meat when bovine rumen content (BRC) was included in the diet of lambs. Thirty-six Pelibuey-Dorper crossbred lambs of both sexes, with an average weight of 19.5 ± 1.5 kg, were used in a generalized randomized block design with the sex of the lambs as a blocking factor with four treatments: BRC₀, BRC₁₅, BRC₃₀, and BRC₄₅, corresponding to 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% BRC inclusion in the diet, respectively. The results indicate that the dietary effect was not significant for any of the evaluated variables, whereas sex showed significant differences in final body weight, average daily gain, dry matter intake, and hot and cold carcass yield. Although specific treatment-sex combinations significantly influenced productive performance variables such as average daily gain, dry matter intake and ruminal fermentation parameters, such as propionic acid, there is no consistent evidence that the inclusion of bovine rumen content promotes superior productive performance or carcass quality in fattening lambs.

The generation and deficient disposal of solid urban waste is an environmental and public health problem. Hence, it is necessary to develop energy recovery technologies of this kind of waste or implement existing ones. In this brief context, the objective of this work was to characterize a novel reactor for the anaerobic treatment of fruit and vegetable residues. The performance of the novel up-flow anaerobic sludge bed was first experimentally evaluated. The reactor exhibited 67% of solids removal, and the methane productivity was similar to that reported for two-stage systems treating fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) with organic load speeds greater than 5 g SV·L-¹·d-¹. Optimal reactor performance was achieved by operating at superficial velocities of 1.4 m·h-1 and a hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 10 d, with pH control and operation parameters of 6.5 – 8, temperature of 35 C and organic load velocity of 10 g SV·L-¹·d-¹. At these conditions, the methane productivity obtained was 3.6 LCH4·LR-¹·d-¹. Subsequently, the residence time distribution (RTD) in the reactor was experimentally determined in order to know its flow pattern. In all cases, the flow pattern was found in an intermediate behavior between plug flow and complete mixing. Thus, this information allows to confirm that there is a separation of sections in the reactor. It was found as the main source of back-mixing the biogas flow and solids concentration in the sludge bed and waste packing area, however, this effect is minimized by increasing the surface velocity of the liquid phase. The flow pattern was satisfactorily described through an axial dispersion mathematical model, also considering the presence of stagnation zones. Moreover, the superficial velocity of the liquid phase decreases the effect of biogas flow. The flow pattern was satisfactorily described through an axial dispersion model also considering the presence of stagnation zones. Finally, the kinetics of anaerobic degradation of FVW were analyzed, finding significant effect of particle size and substrate composition on methane production. Anaerobic digestion of FVW with a particle size < 500 μm and a readily biodegradable fraction of 0.73 showed inhibition phenomena. The information allowed to establish a mathematical model in which the main variables are the particle size and the proportion of the readily biodegradable fraction in the residue.

The objective of this study was to apply the Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) technique to the analysis of adulterated honey and to validate it by comparing its results with those obtained using the static sensory techniques Check All That Apply (CATA) and Rate All That Apply (RATA). Honey samples adulterated with 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) were evaluated and compared with the original honey sample by three consumer panels (n = 300) using TDS, CATA, and RATA. Discriminant analysis was performed to evaluate sample discrimination, classification accuracy, and correlations among sensory techniques. The TDS curves revealed that the dominant attributes were honey, sugar, syrup, and sweep. The original sample was characterized by the dominance of the honey flavor attribute, whereas the adulterated samples exhibited competition among the sugar, syrup, and sweet attributes as the level of adulteration increased. This finding was confirmed by the TDS parameters V_max and T_max, which showed that higher levels of adulteration facilitated consumer identification of these sensory attributes. According to the λ test, the TDS and CATA techniques showed significant differences in all attributes (100% discrimination effectiveness), whereas the RATA technique achieved only 62.5% discrimination. However, the confidence ellipses showed lower dispersion for the TDS data, indicating that all honey samples were differentiated, whereas the confidence ellipses generated using the CATA and RATA techniques indicated that at least one pair of samples was classified as similar. These results were confirmed by the percentages of correct classification, with the TDS technique achieving correct classification rates between 69.77% and 85.38%, whereas those obtained with CATA and RATA ranged from 39.18% to 69.09% and from 6.36% to 63.64%, respectively. The Rv coefficients indicated good agreement between TDS and the static sensory techniques (Rv _TDS-CATA = 0.70 and Rv _TDS-RATA = 0.82). The TDS technique, together with the V_max and T_max parameters, represents a viable approach for identifying adulterated honey and monitoring its dynamic sensory changes during real-time consumption.

El limón Persa (Citrus x latifolia) tiene gran relevancia ya que su comercio internacional ha crecido en los últimos años y la superficie cultivada está aumentando, lo que genera mayor demanda de plantas sanas y genéticamente puras. El limón Persa produce frutos con ausencia de semillas. La ausencia de semillas limita la reproducción sexual de este cultivo, la propagación asexual como el cultivo in vitro de tejidos ofrece una excelente alternativa reproductiva. El cultivo in vitro a través de los sistemas de inmersión temporal con biorreactores RITA® promueve la multiplicación de plantas con calidad fitosanitaria. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto de los biorreactores RITA®, medio semisólido e inmersión parcial en el cultivo in vitro de limón Persa determinar su desarrollo morfológico, concentración de las clorofilas a, b y total, fitohormonas AIB, BAP y KIN y de nutrimentos N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe y B en tejido vegetal. en Biorreactores RITA® se generó el mayor número de brotes, mayor concentración de BAP y KIN, macronutrimentos N, P y K y de los micronutrimentos Fe, Mn y B, la propagación in vitro de limón Persa en biorreactores RITA® es altamente eficiente.