Relevance. The domestic cat (Felis catus) and the eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) belong to the same family — feline, predatory order. The cat was domesticated more than 10 thousand years ago. Lynx is the most promising animal for domestication. It is successfully bred in fur farms and, which is no longer uncommon, is kept by private owners as a pet. At the same time, the anatomy of these animals has not been studied to date. This makes it much more difficult to provide medical care and does not allow us to trace changes in organs with intensive anthropogenic impact on the body during domestication. In this regard, the study of the morphology of the eurasian lynx is very relevant and timely. Material for research (11 eurasian lynx corpses) wasobtained in hunting farms of the North-Western region of the Russian Federation. Corpses of a domestic cat (mestizos) were obtained from veterinary clinics of St. Petersburg (15 animals studied).Methods. A complex of modern and traditional methods was used in the study: fine anatomical dissection, angiorentgenography, computed tomography; production of corrosive and enlightened vascular preparations, morphometry and photographing.Results. The domestic cat (Felis catus) and the eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) have significant differences in the topography and branching of the aortic arch and thoracic aorta, despite the close relationship in taxonomy. The eurasian lynx is characterized by the presence of a brachiocephalic trunk and a trunk of common carotid arteries. Similar vascular structures are absent in a domestic cat. For them, the presence of the brachiocephalic artery and the independent departure of the right and left common carotid arteries, without the formation of a common trunk, was established. At the same time, we state that some main arterial transport vessels and their branches in these animals have common principles of location. This pattern has been determined for the vertebral, internal and external thoracic arteries, including their branches of the first order.

The liver of animals and humans is characterized by polyfunctionality. All the variety of liver functions and the intensity of their course is determined by the peculiarities of its hemodynamics. According to the morphological anatomy of the pig liver, I distinguish six lobes: the right lateral and medial, the left lateral and medial, square and caudate. The functional anatomy of the liver is based on the division of the liver into segments. In this case, the division is based on the fact that each segment has its own double blood supply, bile and lymph outflow routes. The aim of the study is to study the architectonics of the hepatic veins of newborn piglets, to give a morphometric characteristic of the branches of the intraorgan venous bed, as well as the segmental structure of the liver of piglets. The corpses of newborn piglets of the Landrace breed served as the material for the study. Vasorentgenography, fine anatomical dissection, and morphometry were chosen as research methods. The study included 15 piglets of the newborn period. During the study, it was found that four hepatic veins (right accessory, right, left and middle) flow into the caudal genital vein. Hepatic veins have complex intra-organ architectonics and take branches of the first and second order along their course. The maximum diameter is the left hepatic vein, which carries out the outflow of blood from the left lateral and medial lobes of the liver. The right hepatic vein drains blood from the right lateral and medial lobes, the middle hepatic vein drains from the square lobe, gallbladder and part of the left medial lobe. The smallest diameter is characteristic of the right accessory hepatic vein, which drains the caudate lobe.Having studied the intra–organ architectonics of the branches of the hepatic veins, it can be concluded that the liver of piglets has eight segments - one segment each in the caudate, left medial, right medial and square lobes, two segments each in the left and right lateral lobes.

The study of the urinary organs of birds is of great practical importance when working in the field of poultry farming and makes it possible to improve the quality of the product obtained from poultry. Knowledge of the morphology of the urinary system in poultry is an important area for veterinary specialists. Kidney pathologies such as gout, nephritis, urolithiasis and neoplasia of various origins are a common problem in poultry farms. It is impossible to increase the productivity of poultry, as well as to carry out therapeutic and preventive measures without knowing its species and breed anatomical features. The work was performed at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. As the studied material, we used the corpses of Ross-308 cross broilers, aged 60 days in the amount of 10 pieces, 5 males and 5 females. The methods used for the study were fine anatomical dissection, morphometry and photographing. As a result of the study, we found that the length of the left kidney in males is 1.05 times greater than in females, and the length of the right kidney is 1.07 times. The width of the right kidney in males exceeds the females by 1.18 times, and the left – by 1.17 times. The girth of the right and left kidneys in males is 1.18 times greater than in females. We also found that in broilers of both sexes, the left kidney prevails over the right in size. On average, the left kidney is 1.02 times larger than the right one.

Ed in fur farming in the Russian Federation. In the literature, there are often materials on the anatomy of representatives of the mustelid family, such as the American mink, American polecat, American marten and others. Along with this, in modern morphology there is practically no information about the anatomy of sables, and in particular about the black Pushkin breed. The purpose of this study is to study the structural features of the liver in the Pushkin black sable breed, as well as to determine its morphometric characteristics in the studied animals. During the study, the corpses of the black sable Pushkin breed were used. In total, fifteen corpses of sables of the black Pushkin breed aged two to three years were examined. To study the structural features of the liver, traditional anatomical techniques were used. According to the results of the study, it was found that the sable of the black Pushkin breed has six lobes, since the average lobe has no independent significance in the anatomy of the liver; the most developed lobes of the liver are the right medial lobe and the left lateral, and the least developed square and caudate lobes.

Большой круг кровообращения у животных начинается в левом желудочке сердца самым крупным артериальным сосудом - аортой. Первоначально она направляется краниально, а затем меняет направление на каудодорсальное, формируя выпуклость - дугу аорты. Исследования дуги аорты и ее ветвей всегда интересовали морфологов, так как она отдает артериальные ветви для кровоснабжения органов головы, шеи и грудных конечностей. Целью настоящего исследования было - изучить морфологию ветвей дуги аорты у крыс, дать им морфометрическую характеристику. Материалом для исследования послужили трупы белых аутбредных лабораторных крыс, возрастом семь месяцев, в исследование были включены самцы. Ветви дуги аорты изучали методом тонкого анатомического препарирования, предварительно инъецировав сосудистое русло латексом. Исследования проводили сразу после комбинированной эвтаназии с помощью передозировки растворов общих анестетиков [растворы препарата «Ксила» (20 мг/мл) и «Золетил 100» (50 мг/мл) в соотношении 1:1 в объеме 1 мл на 1 кг массы тела внутримышечно]. Морфометрические измерения были осуществимы на сосудах диаметром более 0,40 мм. При указании анатомических терминов использовали Международную ветеринарную анатомическую номенклатуру пятой редакции. В ходе исследования было установлено, что дуга аорты у крыс дает начало ветвям: плечеголовной (1,05±0,07, здесь и далее в скобках указан диаметр сосуда в мм), левой общей сонной (0,84±0,06) и левой подключичной артериям (0,81±0,04). Правая подключичная артерия (0,83±0,05) ответвляется от плечеголовной артерии, ввиду этого она короче левой подключичной. Правая общая сонная артерия (0,84±0,06) ответвляется от правой подключичной артерии. По своему ходу правая и левая подключичные артерии симметрично отдают следующие крупные ветви: реберно-шейный ствол (0,42±0,02), внутреннюю грудную артерию (0,40±0,03), позвоночную артерию (0,40±0,02) и плечешейный ствол (0,44±0,03). Самой крупной ветвью подключичных артерий является плечешейный...

The study of the lymphatic system is of interest not only for morphology, but also for physiology and pathology, since it is in the organs and tissues where the lymphatic capillaries are located that metabolism occurs. The lymphatic bed is represented by intramural vessels, regional lymph nodes of the first and second order. The aim of the study was to determine the lymph nodes and vessels involved in the lymph outflow from the lip area in sheep of the Edilbaev breed. The study was conducted at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The material was sheep of the Edilbaevsky breed in the amount of five pieces at the age of one year. As methods, an interstitial (interstitial) injection with cotrust masses in the form of a blue mass of Gerot was used, which was prepared by rubbing 2.0 g of blue oil paint in 30.0 g of gum turpentine. The resulting mass was mixed with 15.0 g of ether and passed through a filter. Before the injection, the sheep's head was placed in warm water for several hours. The injection is carried out with a syringe with thin needles. Contrast masses were injected very slowly, gently massaging the injected area. As a result of our research, we came to the conclusion that the direction of the main lymphatic vessels of the upper lip and the edges of the nasal opening corresponds to the line drawn from the corner of the lips to the mandibular joint; the direction of the diverting lymphatic vessels of the lower lip corresponds to the direction of the free edge of the lower jaw; the main regional lymph nodes for the diverting lymphatic vessels of the lips of the sheep of the Edilbaev breed are the parotid and mandibular and, in isolated cases, the lateral pharyngeal.