Sürdürülebilirlik, son yıllarda özellikle çeşitli sektörler ve endüstrilerle ilgili olarak önemli ölçüde dikkat çeken bir kavramdır. Spor bağlamında sürdürülebilirlik ise spor organizasyonlarının ve etkinliklerinin gelecek nesillerin kendi ihtiyaçlarını karşılama kabiliyetinden ödün vermeden mevcut ihtiyaçları karşılama kabiliyetini ifade eder. Çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik boyutları kapsar ve uzun vadeli yaşayabilirlik için bu boyutlar arasında bir denge oluşturmayı amaçlar. Sporun çevre üzerindeki etkisi, spor endüstrisinde sosyal sorumluluğun önemi ve sürdürülebilir uygulamaların ekonomik faydaları gibi konular sporda sürdürülebilirlik açısından önemlidir. Bu konunun odak noktası, spor kuruluşlarının karbon emisyonlarını azaltmak, kapsayıcılığı ve çeşitliliği teşvik etmek ve yerel ekonomiye katkıda bulunmak için sürdürülebilir stratejileri nasıl uygulanacağıdır. Bu kilit alanların, sürdürülebilirliğin spor sektöründe oynadığı rolü ve toplum için nasıl olumlu bir değişim yaratabileceğini daha iyi anlayabiliriz.

Problem: Basketball and football teams in Türkiye have the capacity to travel hundreds of kilometres for league matches. In general, such major leagues and leading teams travelling from Türkiye have not been sufficiently researched in the context of Türkiye’s leading leagues and teams. In this context, the aim of this study is to assess and compare the carbon footprint of the transport activities of basketball and football teams in Türkiye for their home and away matches for the 2023–2024 season. Methods: The research is based on EN 16258 and ICAO carbon emissions methodologies. This study aims to calculate and compare the carbon footprint of different transport methods, including bus and plane, used by five basketball and football teams in Türkiye. Results: The findings show that there are significant differences between the teams in terms of travelling distances and carbon footprints. Trabzonspor from the Black Sea region released the highest CO₂ emissions from air travel with a total of 91,667.1 kgCO_2e, while Fenerbahçe Beko had the lowest CO₂ emissions with 5316.72 kgCO_2e. In terms of bus travel, Gaziantep FK led the CO₂ emissions with 4356.45 kgCO_2e, while Türk Telekom was the team with the lowest CO₂ emissions with 1233.225 kgCO_2e. The findings also reveal a notable difference in the number of trees teams need to plant to offset their carbon emissions. Because of their travel patterns, Antalyaspor would need to plant 3481 trees, whereas Fenerbahçe Beko would only need to plant 348 trees. Conclusions: Air travel is emerging as the dominant source of CO₂ emissions and has a greater impact on the environmental impact of teams that rely heavily on airplanes. In this study, the league structure and duration play a critical role in shaping the carbon footprint of sports teams. The football season, which is longer compared to basketball, requires more frequent travel, especially for teams in more remote regions, resulting in higher carbon emissions than basketball. The dominance of Marmara region teams in basketball has a negative impact on the carbon footprint since these teams generally have shorter travel distances.

Background. High-intensity intermittent sports increase blood lactate levels and inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), which may hinder recovery and performance. Effective recovery strategies are crucial for enhancing lactate clearance and regulating inflammation. Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 15-minute ice compression and sport massage interventions during halftime on athletes’ lactate clearance and IL-6 levels. Materials and Methods. Thirty-six male soccer players, aged 18 to 24 years, were randomly assigned to one of three groups for this experimental study: ice compression (IC, n = 12), sport massage (SM, n = 12), and passive recovery (PR, n = 12). Each participant completed a standardized exercise regimen designed to induce fatigue. The PR group rested passively after the workout, while the intervention groups received a massage or ice compression for 15 minutes. Blood lactate and IL-6 levels were assessed before exercise (T0), immediately after (T1), and fifteen minutes post-exercise (T2). To analyse the differences observed, a mixed-model ANOVA and post-hoc tests (Bonferroni/Games-Howell) were performed. Results. According to the results obtained, the lactate levels (IC: ΔT1-T2 = -2.34 ± 0.96 mmol/L, d = 2.209; SM: ΔT1-T2 = -1.39 ± 0.79 mmol/L, d = 0.829) and IL-6 levels (IC: ΔT1-T2 = -1.44 ± 0.93 pg/mL, d = 1.206; SM: ΔT1-T2 = -1.58 ± 0.63 pg/mL, d = 1.645) were both significantly lower than PR (p < 0.05). Although IC and SM exhibited similar anti-inflammatory effects (p = 0.898), IC demonstrated superior lactate clearance compared to SM (p = 0.023, d = -1.081). PR showed only minimal decreases in both biomarkers. Conclusions. Massage and ice compression effectively enhance lactate clearance after high-intensity exercise, with massage offering additional benefits in reducing IL-6-mediated inflammation. These findings support massage as an excellent recovery method for athletes requiring immediate physiological repair following exertion.

Background and Study Aim. In inclusive education, traditional play is often used to help children with intellectual disabilities (ID) improve motor skills. However, these activities may lack structured sensory input. This study evaluates the effects of structured music-movement activities and traditional play on motor skills in children with mild to moderate ID. Material and Methods. Sixty children (ages 8 to 14; IQ 50-70) with intellectual disabilities (ID) participated in a quasi-experimental study. They were randomly assigned to either the control group (CON, n=30), which engaged in traditional school-based play, or the intervention group (INT, n=30). For eight weeks, the INT group participated in three sessions of progressive music-movement activities (orientation, coordination, interaction, and generalization), lasting forty-five minutes each. The activities included rhythmic scaffolding, sensory aids (textured balls), and environmental modifications. The CON group practiced regular school-based play—sensorimotor, constructive, social, and role-playing. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2), modified for ID populations (reliability α=0.91), was used to evaluate motor skills before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using clinical classification, t-tests, and effect sizes (Cohen’s d). Results. The INT group significantly improved total MABC-2 scores (∆=2.00±2.32) compared to the CON group (∆=0.86±1.38; p=0.025, d=0.60). This represents a moderate effect size, indicating meaningful functional improvement attributable to the intervention. Subdomain analyses showed that INT significantly improved aiming and catching (∆=0.50±1.11, p=0.019) and balance (∆=0.80±1.24, p=0.001). The proportion of children with significant motor impairments decreased from 33.3% to 26.7%. However, 70% remained borderline, suggesting that while the intervention was beneficial, many children still required sustained support to achieve functional motor proficiency. Conclusions. For children with ID, structured music-movement pedagogy significantly outperforms traditional play in enhancing motor skills, especially bilateral coordination and dynamic balance. Its multisensory, phased approach addresses key temporal and sensory integration issues associated with ID. However, persistent borderline impairments underscore the necessity for hybrid or extended interventions. Incorporating this approach into inclusive physical education curricula is strongly recommended to optimize functional outcomes.

Exercise-based physical therapy has become a crucial element of sports medicine, particularly in addressing conditions such as hamstring asymmetry in athletes. To find out the impact of 10 weeks of stiff-leg deadlift and Swiss ball hamstring curl training on the asymmetries of hamstrings, agility, and leg power in badminton athletes with asymetry conditions. The study design employed was a quasi-experimental pre-post design. The prepared programme gave the sample a combination of stiff-leg deadlift and Swiss ball hamstring curl training for 10 weeks. Data was collected twice during the pretest and posttest by measuring hamstring asymmetry using the Norboard, agility using the Illinois agility run test, and leg power using the Force Plate. Paired sample t tests and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the initial test results obtained before and after hamstring muscle strengthening training for 10 weeks, which resulted in a p value of less than 0.05. The Wilcoxon test results for the hamstring asymmetry variable show a p-value of 0.000, and the agility variable shows a p-value of 0.001. Meanwhile, the leg power variable using a paired sample t test resulted in a p-value of 0.035. Engaging in a 10-week training program that combines stiff-leg deadlifts and Swiss ball hamstring curls can enhance the strength of the hamstring muscles and improve agility and leg power in athletes with a hamstring asymmetry ≥ 10%. Keywords: Hamstring Asymmetry, Agility, Leg power, Badminton.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar el proceso de implementación del programa de desarrollo de logros deportivos en petanca de Java Oriental, centrándose en sus factores contextuales, requisitos de entrada, aspectos de procedimiento y resultados resultantes. La investigación antes mencionada se enmarca dentro del ámbito de la investigación de evaluación del modelo CIPP, empleando una metodología cuantitativa. Se empleó una estrategia de muestreo intencional para seleccionar a los sujetos para este estudio, que consta de 5 entrenadores y 35 atletas masculinos y femeninos de 5 FOPI de Pengkab y Pengkot en Java Oriental. La investigación incluyó un cuestionario que incluía el CIPP, cuyo objetivo era recopilar información sobre los antecedentes del entrenador, el programa de entrenamiento para el deporte de petanca, el desempeño del entrenador y el método de entrenamiento utilizado por los atletas en el género deportivo de petanca. Los datos cuantitativos se recogieron mediante el uso de una escala Likert. El análisis de datos incluyó técnicas analíticas descriptivas, concretamente la utilización de porcentajes. Los hallazgos del estudio indican que el análisis de evaluación del CIPP reveló que el 73,75% de las dimensiones del apoyo contextual para la implementación del programa cayeron en la categoría de "apoyo". Además, el 69% del componente de insumos de recursos humanos fue clasificado como "adecuado". El insumo del programa se clasifica como “hecho” con un ratio del 63,57%. El insumo para la selección de deportistas y la infraestructura se clasifica como “siempre hecho” con un ratio del 82,11%. Las dimensiones de formación de procesos también se clasifican como “siempre hechas” con un ratio del 78,57%. Por último, las dimensiones del producto formativo se califican como “muy esperado”, con un ratio del 75,63%. En resumen, el gobierno ha brindado un apoyo sustancial a la dimensión del contexto. La dimensión de entrada comprende recursos de instructores y atletas de calidad suficiente, así como instalaciones e infraestructura de entrenamiento que sean muy adecuadas. Los numerosos componentes del proceso general de formación se ejecutan de forma consistente y competente. Los componentes del producto demuestran conformidad con las expectativas, aunque necesitan mejoras. Palabras clave: CIPP; evaluación; petanca; Java Oriental This study aimed to examine the implementation process of the East Java petanque sports achievement development programme, focusing on its contextual factors, input requirements, procedural aspects, and resulting outcomes. The aforementioned research falls within the purview of CIPP model evaluation research, employing a quantitative methodology. A purposive sampling strategy was employed to select the subjects for this study, consisting of 5 coaches and 35 male and female athletes from 5 FOPI district and city in East Java. The research included a questionnaire that included the CIPP, which aimed to gather information regarding the coach's background, the coaching programme for petanque sport, the coach's performance, and the training method utilised by athletes in the petanque sport genre. Quantitative data was gathered by using a Likert scale. The data analysis included descriptive analytic techniques, namely utilising percentages. The study's findings indicate that the CIPP evaluation analysis revealed that 73.75% of the dimensions of context support for programme implementation fell into the "support" category. Additionally, 69% of the human resources input component was classified as "adequate." The program's input is classified as "done" with a ratio of 63.57%. The input for athlete selection and infrastructure is classified as "always done" with a ratio of 82.11%. The process training dimensions are also classified as "always done" with a ratio of 78.57%. Lastly, the dimensions of the training product are classified as "very as expected," with a ratio of 75.63%. In summary, the government has provided substantial support for the context dimension. The input dimension comprises instructors and athletes' resources of sufficient quality, as well as training facilities and infrastructure that are highly adequate. The many components of the overall training process are consistently executed proficiently. The product components demonstrate conformity to expectations, although they necessitate enhancement. Keywords: CIPP; evaluation; petanque; East Java