Sürdürülebilirlik, son yıllarda özellikle çeşitli sektörler ve endüstrilerle ilgili olarak önemli ölçüde dikkat çeken bir kavramdır. Spor bağlamında sürdürülebilirlik ise spor organizasyonlarının ve etkinliklerinin gelecek nesillerin kendi ihtiyaçlarını karşılama kabiliyetinden ödün vermeden mevcut ihtiyaçları karşılama kabiliyetini ifade eder. Çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik boyutları kapsar ve uzun vadeli yaşayabilirlik için bu boyutlar arasında bir denge oluşturmayı amaçlar. Sporun çevre üzerindeki etkisi, spor endüstrisinde sosyal sorumluluğun önemi ve sürdürülebilir uygulamaların ekonomik faydaları gibi konular sporda sürdürülebilirlik açısından önemlidir. Bu konunun odak noktası, spor kuruluşlarının karbon emisyonlarını azaltmak, kapsayıcılığı ve çeşitliliği teşvik etmek ve yerel ekonomiye katkıda bulunmak için sürdürülebilir stratejileri nasıl uygulanacağıdır. Bu kilit alanların, sürdürülebilirliğin spor sektöründe oynadığı rolü ve toplum için nasıl olumlu bir değişim yaratabileceğini daha iyi anlayabiliriz.

Problem: Basketball and football teams in Türkiye have the capacity to travel hundreds of kilometres for league matches. In general, such major leagues and leading teams travelling from Türkiye have not been sufficiently researched in the context of Türkiye’s leading leagues and teams. In this context, the aim of this study is to assess and compare the carbon footprint of the transport activities of basketball and football teams in Türkiye for their home and away matches for the 2023–2024 season. Methods: The research is based on EN 16258 and ICAO carbon emissions methodologies. This study aims to calculate and compare the carbon footprint of different transport methods, including bus and plane, used by five basketball and football teams in Türkiye. Results: The findings show that there are significant differences between the teams in terms of travelling distances and carbon footprints. Trabzonspor from the Black Sea region released the highest CO₂ emissions from air travel with a total of 91,667.1 kgCO_2e, while Fenerbahçe Beko had the lowest CO₂ emissions with 5316.72 kgCO_2e. In terms of bus travel, Gaziantep FK led the CO₂ emissions with 4356.45 kgCO_2e, while Türk Telekom was the team with the lowest CO₂ emissions with 1233.225 kgCO_2e. The findings also reveal a notable difference in the number of trees teams need to plant to offset their carbon emissions. Because of their travel patterns, Antalyaspor would need to plant 3481 trees, whereas Fenerbahçe Beko would only need to plant 348 trees. Conclusions: Air travel is emerging as the dominant source of CO₂ emissions and has a greater impact on the environmental impact of teams that rely heavily on airplanes. In this study, the league structure and duration play a critical role in shaping the carbon footprint of sports teams. The football season, which is longer compared to basketball, requires more frequent travel, especially for teams in more remote regions, resulting in higher carbon emissions than basketball. The dominance of Marmara region teams in basketball has a negative impact on the carbon footprint since these teams generally have shorter travel distances.

Background and Study Aim. In inclusive education, traditional play is often used to help children with intellectual disabilities (ID) improve motor skills. However, these activities may lack structured sensory input. This study evaluates the effects of structured music-movement activities and traditional play on motor skills in children with mild to moderate ID. Material and Methods. Sixty children (ages 8 to 14; IQ 50-70) with intellectual disabilities (ID) participated in a quasi-experimental study. They were randomly assigned to either the control group (CON, n=30), which engaged in traditional school-based play, or the intervention group (INT, n=30). For eight weeks, the INT group participated in three sessions of progressive music-movement activities (orientation, coordination, interaction, and generalization), lasting forty-five minutes each. The activities included rhythmic scaffolding, sensory aids (textured balls), and environmental modifications. The CON group practiced regular school-based play—sensorimotor, constructive, social, and role-playing. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2), modified for ID populations (reliability α=0.91), was used to evaluate motor skills before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using clinical classification, t-tests, and effect sizes (Cohen’s d). Results. The INT group significantly improved total MABC-2 scores (∆=2.00±2.32) compared to the CON group (∆=0.86±1.38; p=0.025, d=0.60). This represents a moderate effect size, indicating meaningful functional improvement attributable to the intervention. Subdomain analyses showed that INT significantly improved aiming and catching (∆=0.50±1.11, p=0.019) and balance (∆=0.80±1.24, p=0.001). The proportion of children with significant motor impairments decreased from 33.3% to 26.7%. However, 70% remained borderline, suggesting that while the intervention was beneficial, many children still required sustained support to achieve functional motor proficiency. Conclusions. For children with ID, structured music-movement pedagogy significantly outperforms traditional play in enhancing motor skills, especially bilateral coordination and dynamic balance. Its multisensory, phased approach addresses key temporal and sensory integration issues associated with ID. However, persistent borderline impairments underscore the necessity for hybrid or extended interventions. Incorporating this approach into inclusive physical education curricula is strongly recommended to optimize functional outcomes.

Background. High-intensity intermittent sports increase blood lactate levels and inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), which may hinder recovery and performance. Effective recovery strategies are crucial for enhancing lactate clearance and regulating inflammation. Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 15-minute ice compression and sport massage interventions during halftime on athletes’ lactate clearance and IL-6 levels. Materials and Methods. Thirty-six male soccer players, aged 18 to 24 years, were randomly assigned to one of three groups for this experimental study: ice compression (IC, n = 12), sport massage (SM, n = 12), and passive recovery (PR, n = 12). Each participant completed a standardized exercise regimen designed to induce fatigue. The PR group rested passively after the workout, while the intervention groups received a massage or ice compression for 15 minutes. Blood lactate and IL-6 levels were assessed before exercise (T0), immediately after (T1), and fifteen minutes post-exercise (T2). To analyse the differences observed, a mixed-model ANOVA and post-hoc tests (Bonferroni/Games-Howell) were performed. Results. According to the results obtained, the lactate levels (IC: ΔT1-T2 = -2.34 ± 0.96 mmol/L, d = 2.209; SM: ΔT1-T2 = -1.39 ± 0.79 mmol/L, d = 0.829) and IL-6 levels (IC: ΔT1-T2 = -1.44 ± 0.93 pg/mL, d = 1.206; SM: ΔT1-T2 = -1.58 ± 0.63 pg/mL, d = 1.645) were both significantly lower than PR (p < 0.05). Although IC and SM exhibited similar anti-inflammatory effects (p = 0.898), IC demonstrated superior lactate clearance compared to SM (p = 0.023, d = -1.081). PR showed only minimal decreases in both biomarkers. Conclusions. Massage and ice compression effectively enhance lactate clearance after high-intensity exercise, with massage offering additional benefits in reducing IL-6-mediated inflammation. These findings support massage as an excellent recovery method for athletes requiring immediate physiological repair following exertion.

Spor organizasyonlarında gönüllü katılımı sosyal sermaye bağlamında bazı değişkenler açısından incelemeyi amaçlayan mevcut çalışma nicel araştırma yöntemleri arasında yer alan betimsel tarama modeli benimsenerek tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın veri toplama işlemi iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan demografik bilgi formu veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılırken ikinci bölümde Uçar (2016) tarafından geçerlilik ve güvenirliği yapılan sosyal sermaye ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2022 yılında ulusal bir spor organizasyonu olan Cadde 10K etkinliğinde gönüllü olarak katılım sağlayan bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında örneklem yöntemi olarak kolayda örnekleme yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Araştırma grubunu %52,9’u erkek (55), %47,1’i kadın (49) olmak üzere toplam 104 kişi oluşturmuştur. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Windows için SPSS 23 paket program kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde veri toplama aracı için iç tutarlık katsayıları hesaplanmış ve ortalama, standart sapma, basıklık ve çarpıklık değerleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada hipotez testleri olarak bağımsız örneklem t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi testleri kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre araştırmada “spor alanı haricinde başka alanlarda gönüllü deneyiminiz var mı?” sorusuna cevap veren katılımcıların sosyal sermaye alt boyutlarından “grup aidiyeti” başlığında evet cevabı veren katılımcılar bakımından anlamlı fark elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmada yer alan “gönüllü katılımın kariyerinize katkı sağlayacağına inanıyor musunuz?” sorusuna cevap veren katılımcıların sosyal sermaye alt boyutlarında evet cevabı verenlerin “kurumsal güven” ve “grup aidiyeti” alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklar elde edilmiştir.

Background. Soccer players frequently encounter performance declines early in the second half due to diminished muscle temperature and the accumulation of fatigue indicators, such as lactic acid. The purpose of this study. This study looked at how well massage, stretching, and their combination help with physical recovery during a halftime break in a match. It focused on how quickly lactic acid leaves the body, how much it reduces discomfort from exercise, and how it improves flexibility. Materials and Methods. This study employed a quasi-experimental design involving 36 male soccer players from UNESA FC. These players were divided into four groups: sports massage (SM), muscle stretching (MS), combination (CMS), and control (CON). Participants engaged in maximum treadmill running (90–95% HRmax) followed by designated recovery procedures: SM, MS, CMS, and CON. Before, during, and after the intervention, lactic acid levels (measured with a lactate meter), range of motion (measured with a goniometer), and pain levels (measured with a visual analogue scale) were all checked. Then, these measures underwent statistical analysis comprising paired t-tests, Wilcoxon tests, MANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results. This study revealed that the CMS group had the most significant decrease in lactic acid (12.68±2.37 to 5.16±1.04 mmol/L, p = 0.000), outperforming the SM, MS, and CON groups (p < 0.005). After that, pain reduction scores were also found significant in the CMS (3.44±2.35 to 1.67±1.58) and MS (4.67±1.11 to 1.33±1.00) groups (p < 0.05). Similarly, flexibility improvement was superior in CMS (right ROM: p = 0.007; left ROM: p = 0.003), while CON showed no significant changes. The MANOVA test revealed significant intergroup differences in post-intervention outcomes (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The combination of stretching and massage during halftime of a football match helps maximise healing by lowering lactic acid, relieving discomfort, and improving flexibility or range of motion. This approach lowers second-half performance drops and injury risks.