Batik industrial effluent wastewater (BIE) contains toxic dyes that, if directly channeled into receiving water bodies without proper treatment, could pollute the aquatic ecosystem and, detrimentally, affect the health of people. This study is aimed at assessing the adsorptive efficacy of a novel low-cost sewage-sludge-based biochar (SSB), in removing color from batik industrial effluent (BIE). Sewage-sludge-based biochar (SSB) was synthesized through two stages, the first is raw-material gathering and preparation. The second stage is carbonization, in a muffle furnace, at 700 °C for 60 min. To investigate the changes introduced by the preparation process, the raw sewage sludge (RS) and SSB were characterized by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. The surface area of biochar was found to be 117.7 m²/g. The results of FTIR showed that some functional groups, such as CO and OH, were hosted on the surface of the biochar. Continuous fixed-bed column studies were conducted, by using SSB as an adsorbent. A glass column with a diameter of 20 mm was packed with SSB, to depths of 5 cm, 8 cm, and 12 cm. The volumes of BIE passing through the column were 384 mL/d, 864 mL/d, and 1680 mL/d, at a flow rate of 16 mL/h, 36 mL/h, and 70 mL/h, respectively. The initial color concentration in the batik sample was 234 Pt-Co, and the pH was kept in the range of 3–5. The effect of varying bed depth and flow rate over time on the removal efficiency of color was analyzed. It was observed that the breakthrough time differed according to the depth of the bed and changes in the flow rates. The longest time, where breakthrough and exhausting points occurred, was recorded at the highest bed and slowest flowrate. However, the increase in flow rate and decrease in bed depth made the breakthrough curves steeper. The maximum bed capacity of 42.30 mg/g was achieved at a 16 mL/h flowrate and 12 cm bed height. Thomas and Bohart–Adams mathematical models were applied, to analyze the adsorption data and the interaction between the adsorption variables. For both models, the correlation coefficient (R²) was more than 0.9, which signifies that the experimental data are well fitted. Furthermore, the adsorption behavior is best explained by the Thomas model, as it covers the whole range of breakthrough curves.

The concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDST) is a more viable option compared to a concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) due to consisting a hollow section, while degradation is enhanced simply by using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP). Hence, the stabilization of a concrete’s ductile strength needs high- performance fiber-reinforced cementitious conmposite. This study investigates the behavior of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite-filled double-skin steel tube (HPCFDST) beams strengthened longitudinally with various layers, lengths, and configurtion of CFRP sheets. The findings showed that, with increased CFRP layers, the moment capacity and flexural stiffness values of the retrofitted HPCFDST beams have significantly improved. For an instant, the moment capacity of HPCFDST beams improved by approximately 28.5% and 32.6% when they were wrapped partially along 100% with two and three layers, respectively, compared to the control beam. Moreover, the moment capacity of the HPCFDST beam using two partial layers of CFRP along 75% of its sufficient length was closed to the findings of the beam with two full CFRP layers. For energy absorption, the results showed a vast disparity. Only the two layers with a 100% full length and partial wrapping showed increasing performance over the control. Furthermore, the typical failure mode of HPCFDST beams was observed to be local buckling at the top surface near the point of loading and CFRP rapture at the bottom of effect length.

A significant issue for the ecosystem is the presence of boron in water resources, particularly in produced water. Batch and dynamic experiments were used in this research to extract boron in the form of boric acid from aqueous solutions using boron selective resins, DIAION CRB05. DIAION™ CRB05 is an adsorbent that is effective in extracting boron from aqueous solutions due to its high binding capacity and selectivity for boron ions, and it is also regenerable, making it cost-effective and sustainable. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FTIR analysis for DIAION CRB05 characterization. To increase the adsorption capacity and find the ideal values for predictor variables such as pH, adsorbent dose, time, and boric acid concentration, the Box–Behnken response surface method (RSM) was applied. The dosage was reported to be 2000 mg/L at pH 2 and boron initial concentration of 1115 mg/L with 255 min for the highest removal anticipated from RSM. According to the outcomes of this research, the DIAION CRB05 material enhanced boron removal capability and has superior performance to several currently available adsorbents, which makes it suitable for use as an adsorbent for removing boric acid from aqueous solutions. The outcomes of isotherm and kinetic experiments were fitted using linear methods. The Temkin isotherm and the pseudo-first-order model were found to have good fits after comparison with R² of 0.998, and 0.997, respectively. The results of the study demonstrate the effectiveness of DIAION™ CRB05 in removing boron from aqueous solutions and provide insight into the optimal conditions for the adsorption process. Thus, the DIAION CRB05 resin was chosen as the ideal choice for recovering boron from an aqueous solution because of its higher sorption capacity and percentage of boron absorbed.

Among the water‐polluting substances, heavy metals stand out due to their carcinogenic and toxic effects on the creatures and environment. This study aimed to scrutinize the effectiveness of sewage sludge‐based activated carbon in the removal of copper and cadmium from aqueous solutions in column study. Detection of breakthrough curves and related parameters was conducted by varying bed depths (3, 6, and 9 cm). The solution with an initial metal concentration (IMC) of 100 ppm was pumped to the column at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. In the process of copper removal, the breakthrough points for depths 3 cm, 6 cm, and 9 cm were achieved at 10 min, 15 min, and 60 min, respectively, whereas breakthrough points of similar depths in cadmium removal process were achieved at 5 min, 10 min, and 30 min, respectively. Adsorption kinetics were analyzed using the Adams–Bohart, Yoon–Nelson, and Thomas kinetics models. The Adams–Bohart model described only the initial part of breakthrough curves. The Thomas model represented the adsorption process with coefficients of determination (R²) ranging between 0.90–0.95 for cadmium removal and 0.89–0.96 for copper removal, while the coefficients of determination of Yoon–Nelson ranged between 0.89–0.94 for cadmium and 0.95–0.97 for copper. Yoon–Nelson was fitted well with copper removal data, while removal of cadmium data was best described by the Thomas model. This study demonstrated that using sewage sludge‐based activated carbon to remove heavy metals is an alternative, more cost‐effective option to reach the objectives of sustainable development.

The use of various tools for construction waste management throughout the planning and design (P&D) stage has several advantages. According to some research, building information modelling, or BIM, could be a valuable tool for predicting waste. This paper discusses how BIM could be used for pre-empting waste and reducing the course of the planning and design process of constructing a building. In Malaysia, a questionnaire survey of 340 construction experts was undertaken. Simultaneously, a regression analysis was carried out in order to determine the impact of BIM on the management of construction waste during the planning and design stage. This research could help many stakeholders in the construction industry to recognise various aspects of waste management, beginning with the planning and design stage of a project, which can be represented by designing a model that can be applied to mitigate waste during the construction of a building.

This paper examines the economic and environmental impacts of district cooling systems (DCS) that are integrated with renewable energy sources and thermal energy storage (TES). Typically, a DCS offers a highly efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional air conditioning systems, providing cool air to buildings and communities through a centralized system that uses chilled water. However, the integration of renewable energy and thermal energy storage into these systems can further increase their sustainability and efficiency, reducing their dependence on fossil fuels and improving their ability to handle fluctuations in demand. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of the art of renewable energy-driven DCS with TES integrated and to highlight the benefits and challenges associated with these systems. Finally, the findings of this paper offer valuable insights into the potential for renewable energy-powered district cooling systems to contribute to a more sustainable and efficient built environment.