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Since December 2019, the COVID-19 epidemic has been spreading all over the world. This epidemic has brought a risk of death in the daily activity (physical and social) participation that influences travellers’ physical, social, and mental health. To analyze the impact of the COVID-19-induced daily activities on health parameters of higher education institutes, 150 students of the Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia, were surveyed through an online web survey using random sampling techniques. The data were analyzed through RStudio and SPSS using multilevel linear regression analysis and Hierarchical Structural Equation Modeling. The estimated results indicate that restricting individuals from doing out-of-home activities negatively influences physical and social health. A unit increase in the in-home maintenance activities during the COVID-19 pandemic introduced a daily increase of 0.5% in physical health. Moreover, a unit increase in the in-home activities at leisure time represents a 1% positive improvement in social health. Thus, physical activity has proven to be beneficial in improving physical and social health with severe COVID-19. In contrast, the coefficient of determination (R2) for all endogenous variables ranges from 0.148 to 0.227, which is incredibly acceptable in psychological research. For a healthier society with a better quality of life, this study adopted multidisciplinary approaches that are needed to be designed.
Mujahid Ali; Afonso de Azevedo; Markssuel Marvila; Muhammad Khan; Abdul Memon; Faisal Masood; Najib Almahbashi; Muhammad Shad; Mudassir Khan; Roman Fediuk; Roman Timokhin; Aleksey Borovkov; Ihtisham Haq. The Influence of COVID-19-Induced Daily Activities on Health Parameters—A Case Study in Malaysia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7465 .
AMA StyleMujahid Ali, Afonso de Azevedo, Markssuel Marvila, Muhammad Khan, Abdul Memon, Faisal Masood, Najib Almahbashi, Muhammad Shad, Mudassir Khan, Roman Fediuk, Roman Timokhin, Aleksey Borovkov, Ihtisham Haq. The Influence of COVID-19-Induced Daily Activities on Health Parameters—A Case Study in Malaysia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7465.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMujahid Ali; Afonso de Azevedo; Markssuel Marvila; Muhammad Khan; Abdul Memon; Faisal Masood; Najib Almahbashi; Muhammad Shad; Mudassir Khan; Roman Fediuk; Roman Timokhin; Aleksey Borovkov; Ihtisham Haq. 2021. "The Influence of COVID-19-Induced Daily Activities on Health Parameters—A Case Study in Malaysia." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7465.
Man-made organic waste leads to the rapid proliferation of pollution around the globe. Effective bio-waste management can help to reduce the adverse effects of organic waste while contributing to the circular economy at the same time. The toxic oily-biological sludge generated from oil refineries’ wastewater treatment plants is a potential source for biogas energy recovery via anaerobic digestion. However, the oily-biological sludge’s carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio is lower than the ideal 20–30 ratio required by anaerobic digestion technology for biogas production. Sugarcane bagasse can be digested as a high C/N co-substrate while the oily-biological sludge acts as a substrate and inoculum to improve biogas production. In this study, the best C/N with co-substrate volatile solids (VS)/inoculum VS ratios for the co-digestion process of mixtures were determined empirically through batch experiments at temperatures of 35–37 °C, pH (6–8) and 60 rpm mixing. The raw materials were pre-treated mechanically and thermo-chemically to further enhance the digestibility. The best condition for the sugarcane bagasse delignification process was 1% (w/v) sodium hydroxide, 1:10 solid-liquid ratio, at 100 °C, and 150 rpm for 1 h. The results from a 33-day batch anaerobic digestion experiment indicate that the production of biogas and methane yield were concurrent with the increasing C/N and co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios. The total biogas yields from C/N 20.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.06 and C/N 30.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.18 ratios were 2777.0 and 9268.0 mL, respectively, including a methane yield of 980.0 and 3009.3 mL, respectively. The biogas and methane yield from C/N 30.0 were higher than the biogas and methane yields from C/N 20.0 by 70.04 and 67.44%, respectively. The highest biogas and methane yields corresponded with the highest C/N with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios (30.0 and 0.18), being 200.6 mL/g VSremoved and 65.1 mL CH4/g VSremoved, respectively.
Aiban Ghaleb; Shamsul Kutty; Gasim Salih; Ahmad Jagaba; Azmatullah Noor; Vicky Kumar; Najib Almahbashi; Anwar Saeed; Baker Saleh Al-Dhawi. Sugarcane Bagasse as a Co-Substrate with Oil-Refinery Biological Sludge for Biogas Production Using Batch Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion Technology: Effect of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio. Water 2021, 13, 590 .
AMA StyleAiban Ghaleb, Shamsul Kutty, Gasim Salih, Ahmad Jagaba, Azmatullah Noor, Vicky Kumar, Najib Almahbashi, Anwar Saeed, Baker Saleh Al-Dhawi. Sugarcane Bagasse as a Co-Substrate with Oil-Refinery Biological Sludge for Biogas Production Using Batch Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion Technology: Effect of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio. Water. 2021; 13 (5):590.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAiban Ghaleb; Shamsul Kutty; Gasim Salih; Ahmad Jagaba; Azmatullah Noor; Vicky Kumar; Najib Almahbashi; Anwar Saeed; Baker Saleh Al-Dhawi. 2021. "Sugarcane Bagasse as a Co-Substrate with Oil-Refinery Biological Sludge for Biogas Production Using Batch Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion Technology: Effect of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio." Water 13, no. 5: 590.
Pollution from dye containing wastewater leads to a variety of environmental problems, which can destroy plant life and eco-systems. This study reports development of a seaweed-based biochar as an adsorbent material for efficient adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from synthetic wastewater. The Eucheuma cottonii seaweed biochar was developed through pyrolysis using a tube furnace with N2 gas, and the properties were later improved by sulfuric acid treatment. The adsorption studies were conducted in a batch experimental setup under initial methylene blue concentrations of 50 to 200 mg/L, solution pH of 2 to 10, and temperature of 25 to 75 °C. The characterization results show that the developed biochar had a mesoporous pore morphology. The adsorbent possessed the surface area, pore size, and pore volume of 640 m2/g, 2.32 nm, and 0.54 cm3/g, respectively. An adsorption test for 200 mg/L of initial methylene blue at pH 4 showed the best performance. The adsorption data of the seaweed-based biochar followed the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with the corresponding R2 of 0.994 and 0.995. The maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue using the developed seaweed‑based biochar was 133.33 mg/g. The adsorption followed the chemisorption mechanism, which occurred via the formation of a monolayer of methylene blue dye on the seaweed-based biochar surface. The adsorption performance of the produced seaweed biochar is comparable to that of other commercial adsorbents, suggesting its potential for large-scale applications.
Anwar Saeed; Noorfidza Harun; Suriati Sufian; Ahmer Siyal; Muhammad Zulfiqar; Muhammad Bilad; Arvind Vagananthan; Amin Al-Fakih; Aiban Ghaleb; Najib Almahbashi. Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed-Based Biochar for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10318 .
AMA StyleAnwar Saeed, Noorfidza Harun, Suriati Sufian, Ahmer Siyal, Muhammad Zulfiqar, Muhammad Bilad, Arvind Vagananthan, Amin Al-Fakih, Aiban Ghaleb, Najib Almahbashi. Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed-Based Biochar for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10318.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnwar Saeed; Noorfidza Harun; Suriati Sufian; Ahmer Siyal; Muhammad Zulfiqar; Muhammad Bilad; Arvind Vagananthan; Amin Al-Fakih; Aiban Ghaleb; Najib Almahbashi. 2020. "Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed-Based Biochar for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10318.
The volume of sludge is a growing problem worldwide due to the increase in the population and the growing in industry and agriculture. Therefore, sludge management and disposal are becoming problematic and required more intensive and creative efforts. The objective of this study was to produce activated carbon using sewage sludge as raw material. Preparation conditions of sewage sludge based activated carbon were optimized by applying Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in response surface methodology (RSM). Optimization process investigated the impact of interaction between chemical activation ratio, contact time and activation temperature on the surface area of activated carbon. A series of activated carbons were chemically activated using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and physically activated by pyrolysis process in tube furnace. The response of optimization process was the surface area of activated carbon which was depicted by the second-order polynomial regression model created by ANOVA. Optimum activated carbon characterizations were conducted by surface area (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis TGA. The maximum surface area of 377.7 m2/g was achieved at chemical activation ratio of 1, activation contact time of 3 hours and activation temperature of 500 ℃. According statistical analysis, the most significant parameter was the contact time, followed by chemical activation ratio and activation temperature.
N.M.Y Almahbashi; S.R.M Kutty; Muhammad Ayoub; A. Noor; I.U Salihi; Ahmed Al-Nini; A.H. Jagaba; B.N.S Aldhawi; A.A.S Ghaleb. Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Sewage sludge based Activated Carbon. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 2020, 12, 1175 -1182.
AMA StyleN.M.Y Almahbashi, S.R.M Kutty, Muhammad Ayoub, A. Noor, I.U Salihi, Ahmed Al-Nini, A.H. Jagaba, B.N.S Aldhawi, A.A.S Ghaleb. Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Sewage sludge based Activated Carbon. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2020; 12 (2):1175-1182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleN.M.Y Almahbashi; S.R.M Kutty; Muhammad Ayoub; A. Noor; I.U Salihi; Ahmed Al-Nini; A.H. Jagaba; B.N.S Aldhawi; A.A.S Ghaleb. 2020. "Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Sewage sludge based Activated Carbon." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 12, no. 2: 1175-1182.
Oily-biological sludge (OBS) generated from petroleum refineries has high toxicity. Therefore, it needs an appropriate disposal method to reduce the negative impacts on the environment. The anaerobic co-digestion process is an effective method that manages and converts organic waste to energy. For effective anaerobic digestion, a co-substrate would be required to provide a suitable environment for anaerobic bacteria. In oily-biological sludge, the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio and volatile solids (VS) content are very low. Therefore, it needs to be digested with organic waste that has a high C/N ratio and high VS content. This study investigates the use of sugarcane bagasse (SB) as an effective co-substrate due to its high C/N ratio and high VS content to improve the anaerobic co-digestion process with oily-biological sludge. The sugarcane bagasse also helps to delay the toxicity effect of the methane bacteria. Batch anaerobic co-digestion of oily-biological sludge was conducted with sugarcane bagasse as a co-substrate in twelve reactors with two-liter capacity, each under mesophilic conditions. The interaction effect of a C/N ratio of 20-30 and a VS co-substrate/VS inoculum ratio of 0.06-0.18 on the methane yield (mL CH4/g VSremoved) was investigated. Before the anaerobic digestion, thermochemical pre-treatment of the inoculum and co-substrate was conducted using sodium hydroxide to balance their acidic nature and provide a suitable pH environment for methane bacteria. Design and optimization for the mixing ratios were carried out by central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). The highest predicted methane yield was found to be 63.52 mL CH4/g VSremoved, under optimum conditions (C/N ratio of 30 and co-substrate/inoculum ratio of 0.18).
Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb; Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty; Yeek-Chia Ho; Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba; Azmatullah Noor; Abdulnaser Mohammed Al-Sabaeei; Najib Mohammed Yahya Almahbashi. Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Methane Production from Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Oily-Biological Sludge and Sugarcane Bagasse. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2116 .
AMA StyleAiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb, Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty, Yeek-Chia Ho, Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba, Azmatullah Noor, Abdulnaser Mohammed Al-Sabaeei, Najib Mohammed Yahya Almahbashi. Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Methane Production from Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Oily-Biological Sludge and Sugarcane Bagasse. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):2116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb; Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty; Yeek-Chia Ho; Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba; Azmatullah Noor; Abdulnaser Mohammed Al-Sabaeei; Najib Mohammed Yahya Almahbashi. 2020. "Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Methane Production from Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Oily-Biological Sludge and Sugarcane Bagasse." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 2116.