This article addresses the research and development of a reliable interconnection technique for mounting surface mounted device components onto newly developed conductive stretchable textile ribbons. The alternative nonconductive adhesive bonding in which electrical contact is realized only by mechanical pressure and fixed by an adhesive and the conventional soldering technique were selected for examination. Assessment of the performance of these techniques and their usability for interconnecting components on conductive textile ribbons was also our research goal. Reliability tests of the electrical and mechanical properties of realized interconnections (dry heat, damp heat, washing, electrical current load, jerk, and stretch tests) were realized. The results show that the nonconductive adhesive technique results in good mechanical properties and acceptable median electrical resistance of less than 2 Ω even after 90 washing cycles. It is also very gentle and fully compatible with textile production due to the maximal processing temperature lower than 70°C, without the risk of short circuit occurrence. This technique is suitable for sensors, illumination or data transfer applications. While soldering results in excellent median electrical resistance of less than 20 mΩ, it is more complex and costly. Moreover, there is a risk of short circuits as well as of textile damage by the high thermal load over 150°C. Soldering is more suitable for power supply applications or heating. The above-mentioned results were also confirmed in a decision analysis with pairwise comparisons, involving company representatives considering introducing the above-mentioned interconnection techniques into their production. The nonconductive adhesive technique was evaluated as 15% better in overall decision analysis than the low-temperature soldering.

This article addresses reliability under the sweat of interconnection techniques for the mounting surface mounted device (SMD) components and fully printed humidity sensors onto conductive stretchable textile ribbons. Samples underwent testing for the effect of ageing by artificial sweat on their electrical resistance using both alkaline and acidic artificial sweat. The best results in terms of electrical resistance change were obtained for samples soldered to the conductive fibers interwoven in the ribbon. However, this method can damage the ribbon due to the high temperature during soldering and significantly reduce the mechanical properties and flexibility of the ribbon, which can lead to a limited service life of samples. On the other hand, adhesive bonding is a very interesting alternative, where the above-mentioned properties are preserved, but there is a significant effect of sweat ageing on electrical resistance. The results of fully printed graphene-based humidity sensors show that, for the intended use of these sensors (i.e., detection of changes in moisture on the human body), usage of the samples is possible, and the samples are sufficiently reliable in the case of sweat degradation. In addition, the response of the sensor to humidity is quite high: 98% at a relative humidity of 98%.

The paper deals with temperature ageing reliability of joints glued by non-conductive adhesive (NCA) onto the conductive ribbon. The samples prepared with NCA were accelerated aged at 85 °C temperature for 1000 hours. The samples were also stretched on 150 % of their relaxed length during the ageing. The main aim of the experiment was to verify the possibility of NCA using to make a conductive connection of components onto the ribbon. The joints electrical resistance was measured before, during and after ageing. The results show that using this technology for standard use of ribbons is suitable and reliable.

This paper deals with the issue of digital predictive maintenance and its application to selected equipment, focusing on a case study of climate chambers. The study analyzed the current state of maintenance of these devices, performed cost calculations, and evaluated the possible risks. Based on these analyses, a procedure for the implementation of predictive maintenance was proposed, which could lead to the reduction of the identified risks and the optimization of the costs associated with the maintenance of the equipment. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of digital predictive maintenance that includes a theoretical framework, a case study, and an implementation methodology, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of the benefits and challenges associated with this area.