The stability of RNA is a critical factor in determining its functionality and degradation in the cell. In recent years, it has been shown that the stability of RNA depends on a complex interaction of external and internal factors. External conditions, such as temperature fluctuations, the level of acidity of the environment, the presence of various substances and ions, as well as the effects of oxidative stress, can change the structure of RNA and affect its stability. Internal factors, including the specific structural features of RNA and its interactions with protein molecules, also have a significant impact on the regulation of the stability of these molecules. In this article, we review the main factors influencing RNA stability, since understanding the factors influencing this extremely complex process is important not only for understanding the regulation of expression at the RNA level but also for developing new methods for isolating and stabilizing RNA in preparation for creating biobanks of genetic material. We reviewed a modern solution to this problem and formulated basic recommendations for RNA storage aimed at minimizing degradation and damage to the molecule.

One of the main problems in the poultry industry is the search for a viable replacement for antibiotic growth promoters. This issue requires a “one health” approach because the uncontrolled use of antibiotics in poultry can lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance, which is a concern not only in animals, but for humans as well. One of the promising ways to overcome this challenge is found in probiotics due to their wide range of features and mechanisms of action for health promotion. Moreover, spore-forming probiotics are suitable for use in the poultry industry because of their unique ability, encapsulation, granting them protection from the harshest conditions and resulting in improved availability for hosts’ organisms. This review summarizes the information on gastrointestinal tract microbiota of poultry and their interaction with commensal and probiotic spore-forming bacteria. One of the most important topics of this review is the absence of uniformity in spore-forming probiotic trials in poultry. In our opinion, this problem can be solved by the creation of standards and checklists for these kinds of trials such as those used for pre-clinical and clinical trials in human medicine. Last but not least, this review covers problems and challenges related to spore-forming probiotic manufacturing.

The article is devoted to the problem of creating methodological foundations for research on the processes of machine use in agriculture. The basic approaches and principles of the formation of domain models are outlined, as the output processes of the functioning of the technological system of tillage and depth of cultivation are taken. A mathematical model of the process of depth of soil cultivation is proposed, which allows the implementation of research using modern software and hardware systems through a computer experiment.

The need for minimal tillage is due to the reduction of energy and labor costs for the operation. In modern technologies for the cultivation of agricultural crops, processing accounts for up to 25% of labor and 40% of energy costs. The purpose of the study: the development of a combined tillage unit with a universal working body that increases the quality of minimum tillage, the stability of the unit movement with an increase in functionality.

The paper is devoted to studying the motion dynamics of stem and ear, as well as particular wheat grains. The purpose of this consideration is to establish parameters of the effect on the plant as a whole, and in particular on the ear, for the efficient extraction of grains from the ear. For this, a mathematical model of the interaction between the elements of the stem-ear-grain system and the conditions for the separation of grain from the ear is built. In a first approximation, a simple stem model consisting of absolutely rigid bodies interconnected by elastic bonds is taken as such a model. Stems with a given moment of inertia act as such bodies, and spiral springs act as elastic bonds.

In the “Q-factor” laboratory of the Don State Technical University, seeding planters are created with the original design of sowing devices, using modern materials and technologies. The design of a row seeding planter is considered, which allows coordinating the speed of the seed and the speed of the unit for a better sowing process. A new classification feature in the design of the row precise seeding planter is designated - the height of the sowing device from the bottom of the furrow. The characteristic features of the constructions of serial seeding planters on the basis of the aforecited feature were identified and analyzed. The rationale for the need to improve the technological process of sowing seeds of row crops by serial seeding planters is given. The problem is indicated, which is the lack of automation in controlling the precision sowing process during the operation of the seeding planters. A functional diagram and design of a sowing device with a seed tube is proposed, in which the ability to control the flight speed of seeds directly during sowing is implemented. A setup for testing the sowing device is presented with the aim of increasing the accuracy of determining the parameters of the operating modes of the sowing device of precise seeding planters in laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory experiments are obtained, which makes it possible to judge the possibility of controlling the speed of seeds directly during sowing process.