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As Muslims bound to Islamic teachings, the attitude of young millennials preferring non-halal international cosmetics is trivial. Despite the acceptance of halal food, literature on the acceptance of halal cosmetics remains scarce. The intention to purchase halal cosmetics is crucial for the sustainability of halal cosmetics manufacturers. The authors used the theory of planned behavior to identify factors influencing the purchase intention of halal cosmetics among Muslim millennials. Since cosmetics are not exclusively used by females, as males are starting to use them in their daily lives, gender was incorporated into the framework to assess its moderating effect on the relationship. Furthermore, brand image was included in the theory of planned behavior. Data were collected from three universities in Malaysia. A total of 501 responses were analyzed with smart partial least squares to run a multigroup analysis. The analysis revealed that subjective norms have a stronger effect on females, and perceived behavioral control has a greater effect on males. Although attitude and brand image have a positive effect on the intention to purchase halal cosmetics, gender has no effect. The findings are essential for halal cosmetics manufacturers to craft a marketing strategy aimed at Muslim millennials in Malaysia.
Abdul Ngah; Serge Gabarre; Heesup Han; Samar Rahi; Jassim Al-Gasawneh; Su-Hyun Park. Intention to Purchase Halal Cosmetics: Do Males and Females Differ? A Multigroup Analysis. Cosmetics 2021, 8, 19 .
AMA StyleAbdul Ngah, Serge Gabarre, Heesup Han, Samar Rahi, Jassim Al-Gasawneh, Su-Hyun Park. Intention to Purchase Halal Cosmetics: Do Males and Females Differ? A Multigroup Analysis. Cosmetics. 2021; 8 (1):19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Ngah; Serge Gabarre; Heesup Han; Samar Rahi; Jassim Al-Gasawneh; Su-Hyun Park. 2021. "Intention to Purchase Halal Cosmetics: Do Males and Females Differ? A Multigroup Analysis." Cosmetics 8, no. 1: 19.
This research examined international Muslim travelers’ intention formation of a non-Islamic country. Our proposed theoretical framework encompassing inconvenient tourism experience, mental health, hedonic value experience, and satisfaction included a sufficient level of predictive power for intent. These variables played a vital role in increasing intention, whereas an inconvenient tourism experience decreases self-rated mental health and hedonic value. Our result also provided meaningful information that boosting Muslim travelers’ mental health, hedonic experience, and satisfaction is essential for minimizing the effect of the inconvenient tourism experience. In addition, gender and age have been shown to play a moderating role in affecting behavioral intention.
Heesup Han; Soyeun Lee; Antonio Ariza-Montes; Amr Al-Ansi; Beenish Tariq; Alejandro Vega-Muñoz; Su-Hyun Park. Muslim Travelers’ Inconvenient Tourism Experience and Self-Rated Mental Health at a Non-Islamic Country: Exploring Gender and Age Differences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 758 .
AMA StyleHeesup Han, Soyeun Lee, Antonio Ariza-Montes, Amr Al-Ansi, Beenish Tariq, Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, Su-Hyun Park. Muslim Travelers’ Inconvenient Tourism Experience and Self-Rated Mental Health at a Non-Islamic Country: Exploring Gender and Age Differences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):758.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeesup Han; Soyeun Lee; Antonio Ariza-Montes; Amr Al-Ansi; Beenish Tariq; Alejandro Vega-Muñoz; Su-Hyun Park. 2021. "Muslim Travelers’ Inconvenient Tourism Experience and Self-Rated Mental Health at a Non-Islamic Country: Exploring Gender and Age Differences." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 758.
The tourism industry has been seriously suffering from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis ever since its outbreak. Given this pandemic situation, the major aim of this study is to develop a conceptual framework that clearly explains the US international tourists’ post-pandemic travel behaviors by expanding the theory of planned behavior (TPB). By utilizing a quantitative process, the TPB was successfully broadened by incorporating the travelers’ perceived knowledge of COVID-19, and it has been deepened by integrating the psychological risk. Our theoretical framework sufficiently accounted for the US tourists’ post-pandemic travel intentions for safer international destinations. In addition, the perceived knowledge of COVID-19 contributed to boosting the prediction power for the intentions. The associations among the subjective norm, the attitude, and the intentions are under the significant influence of the tourists’ psychological risks regarding international traveling. The comparative criticality of the subjective norm is found. Overall, the findings of this study considerably enhanced our understanding of US overseas tourists’ post-pandemic travel decision-making processes and behaviors.
Heesup Han; Amr Al-Ansi; Bee-Lia Chua; Beenish Tariq; Aleksandar Radic; Su-Hyun Park. The Post-Coronavirus World in the International Tourism Industry: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Safer Destination Choices in the Case of US Outbound Tourism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6485 .
AMA StyleHeesup Han, Amr Al-Ansi, Bee-Lia Chua, Beenish Tariq, Aleksandar Radic, Su-Hyun Park. The Post-Coronavirus World in the International Tourism Industry: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Safer Destination Choices in the Case of US Outbound Tourism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (18):6485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeesup Han; Amr Al-Ansi; Bee-Lia Chua; Beenish Tariq; Aleksandar Radic; Su-Hyun Park. 2020. "The Post-Coronavirus World in the International Tourism Industry: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Safer Destination Choices in the Case of US Outbound Tourism." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6485.