This paper introduces an advanced approach for optimizing the distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) with the placement and sizing of multiple types of distributed generators (DGs). The method employs the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACOA), which is an innovative adaptive optimization algorithm, while also considering the system’s reliability. The primary objectives of the optimization problem are to minimize active power loss (APL), reduce voltage drop ( V_D ) on buses, enhance system stability (SS), and improve overall reliability by reducing energy not supplied (ENS) to end-users. The optimization process involves determining the optimal location and size of DGs in the radial distribution network (RDN) using the ACOA meta-heuristic. The method maintains the radial structure of the system by selectively opening lines during the DNR process. The proposed technique is evaluated through simulations carried out on the IEEE-33 & -69 bus RDNs under various scenarios. The results demonstrate the superiority of the presented ACOA-based approach over other techniques, such as fireworks algorithm (FWA) and adaptive shuffled frogs leaping algorithm (ASFLA). Combining the DNR and DGs placement in a simultaneous manner yields the best performance for the distribution network, resulting in lower APL, reduced V_D , improved SS, and enhanced reliability. Furthermore, considering reliability in the optimization process significantly reduces ENS for customers and enables meeting their maximum load demand. Overall, the concurrent consideration of DNR and DGs placement using ACOA proves to be more effective than alternative algorithms.

This research work proposed an optimal hybrid microgrid design for Riphah International University (RIU), Lahore, Pakistan, that ensures a continuous and affordable energy supply by harnessing reliable energy sources. The design factors in various considerations such as energy resource availability, environmental sustainability, and financial viability. The proposed hybrid renewable energy system integrates the national grid, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, a battery bank, and a converter to fulfill the energy requirements of RIU. In order to develop the most efficient design, various factors are taken into account, including electrical load, solar irradiation, ambient temperature on campus, lifespan and efficiency of PV modules, degradation factor, cost considerations, battery longevity, energy prices from the national grid, occurrences of load shedding, and the environmental impact in terms of toxic emissions. The net present cost (NPC) factor is also considered to make the design more cost effective. The simulations conducted using HOMER Pro software yielded 932 possible solutions, among which the proposed hybrid microgrid design emerged as the most viable with an NPC of $0.483 million and 99.3% renewable energy utilization. The worst design, which utilized a national grid and diesel generator, resulted in an NPC of $1.89 million with 0% renewable energy integration. The proposed hybrid microgrid design among 932 models established by HOMER Pro software using PV connected to a national grid, and a storage system represents the most optimal solution for RIU Lahore Campus by considering all the necessary factors and requirements.

A widespread introduction of electric vehicles would require an advanced enriched fast-charging infrastructure and battery technology. Currently used silicon (Si) based power electronic devices limit their efficiencies, power density, and switching frequency. Designing fast-charging stations using these materials is not suitable due to low breakdown potential, less thermal stability, and less power handling abilities. The research will propose an off-board DC high-power density fast charging infrastructure with grid tie application. The EV station is designed by using ultra-wideband gap (UWBG) material-based power electronic devices to charge the EV vehicles in a few minutes up to an acceptable state of charge. The study will analyze the characteristics of Gallium III oxide (Ga2O3) material power devices by modeling them using SPICE and TCAD software tools. The research presents the Simscape physical modeling of electric vehicle chargers based on Ga2O3 power devices. Design analysis of three-phase bidirectional AC/DC converter and DC/DC isolated full bridge converter is present in this paper. Research implements the unity power factor control to improve the power quality requirements of the power grid. The dual active power control of converters provides a wide range of charging power for a variety of EV batteries. The study will provide high current and reliable rapid charging for currently available and upcoming future electric vehicles.

Trending electric vehicles with different battery technologies need universally compatible and fast chargers. Present semiconductor technology is not suitable for designing high-power-rating converters. The increasing demand for high-capacity electric vehicle chargers requires efficient and optimum advanced material technology. This research presents next-generation material-based smart ultra-fast electric vehicle charging infrastructure for upcoming high-capacity EV batteries. The designed level 4 charger will be helpful for charging future heavy-duty electric vehicles with battery voltages of up to 2000 V. The designed infrastructure will be helpful for charging both EVs and heavy-duty electric trucks with a wide range of power levels. Wireless sensor-based smart systems monitor and control the overall charging infrastructure. The detailed design analysis of the proposed charger using the Simscape physical modeling tool is discussed using mathematical equations.

The environmental impact and associated health issues have been seen as a significant global challenge. Efforts have been made to make solar cookers efficient to reduce the health risk and environmental impact of traditional cooking energy supplies used in rural areas. The solar cookers effectiveness for cooking purposes must be assessed in a specific area before installation. In essence, this paper assesses the experimental efficiency of German Scheffler, small mirror pieces, and aluminum foil based solar cookers. The solar cookers performances are evaluated at international standards by analyzing the figure of merits such as standard cooking power, sensible heating time, and exergy efficiency by using 1.7652 kg water and 1-liter oil as a heating material. The regression analysis is also performed to observe experimental data compliance with regression line. The time required to attain a water temperature of 95˚C by German Scheffler and small mirror pieces is 25 min and 1 hour with their exergy efficiency of 48.51% and 19.16% respectively, while the aluminum foil solar cooker achieves maximum water temperature of 74˚C within 2 hours and 5 minutes with 13.47% exergy efficiency. Similarly, the highest oil temperature of 275˚C is observed for the German Scheffler solar cooker. From experimental and regression results, it is revealed that German Scheffler possesses more cooking power relative to other solar cookers and their performances are highly dependent on following factors such as solar radiations, ambient temperature, environment (dust particles concentration and wind speed), radiation reflective material, aperture area, and heat losses respectively.