The robotic arm is one of the vital components of robot assembly. The purpose of the robotic arm is to transmit power and conduct the desired motion, i.e., translation or rotation. Robotic limbs are designed and constructed to execute certain tasks with a high degree of speed, accuracy, and efficiency. This research focuses on to enhancing the strength-to-weight ratio of robotic arm using certain techniques of additive manufacturing, i.e., topology optimization and lattice structure. Employing the finite element analysis, the impact of weight reduction optimization on structural parameters such as stress and deformation in the current design is assessed using ANSYS R18.1 for FE analysis and Creo parametric 7.0 design software for computer-aided design modeling. Observations reveal that the 0.5 and .4 scale lattice structure designs have deformation of 0.01453mm and 0.01453 mm respectively though the generic design has 0.01043 mm deformation. Notably, the 0.5 scale lattice of the robotic arm exhibits a 31.08% higher equivalent stress than the generic design with 29.3%. reduction in mass of the robotic arm. These findings highlight the efficacy of lattice structures for optimizing the robotic arm’s performance, contributing to advancements in power-efficient robot assembly processes.

Today, among emerging materials, metal matrix composites, due to their excellent properties, have an increasing demand in the field of aerospace and automotive industries. However, the difficulties associated with the processing of these composites have been a challenge to manufacturing industries due to inhomogeneous mixing of the matrix with the reinforcement, oxidation, and microstructural phase transformation during processing. Hence, in this paper, Ti-6Al-4V reinforced with SiCp has been processed through a specially developed compression molding, followed by vacuum sintering. The main objective of this paper was to determine the favorable vacuum sintering conditions for Ti-6Al-4V reinforced with 15 Wt. % SiCp composites under a different aging temperature (°C), aging time (h), heating rate (°C/min), and cooling rate (°C /min) to improve the process output parameters such as the hardness, surface roughness, and to reduce the porosity using Taguchi’s Design of Experiments. Finally, the response surface methodology and random forest regression have been used to predict the optimum process output parameters. From the extensive experimentation and understanding gained from Taguchi’s Design of Experiments, the response surface methodology and random tree regression approach can be successfully used to predict the hardness, porosity, and surface roughness during the processing of Ti-6Al-4V-SiC_p composites.

Polymer nanocomposites have been of great interest to packaging, energy, molding, and transportation industries due to several favorable properties including a higher resistance to stress and cracking even under flexed conditions, and also a chemical resistance to water, acids, and alkalis. The current work disseminates the studies on the mechanical and thermal properties of the polypropylene HHR102 polymer reinforced with nano dispersoids of silicon dioxide at varied weight fractions. The nanocomposites, fabricated via melt processing followed by injection molding, were tested for tensile strength, % elongation, tensile modulus, and impact toughness. Further, the samples were also subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine the dynamic storage modulus and thermal stability. The addition of nano-silica in polypropylene HHR102 resulted in enhanced ductility and well-balanced tensile modulus; however, the tensile strength and impact toughness were found to be decreased. On the other hand, the storage modulus was significantly increased for all nano-silica (NS)-containing polypropylene HHR102 matrices. With the increased nano-silica content, the storage modulus was optimal. Further, with the lower weight loss of 30% and 50%, the thermal stability of the increased silica content PP nanocomposites was much affected. However, it improved at a weight loss of 30% for the lower silica content PP nanocomposite (PP-1%NS). The imbibition was found to increase with the increase in NS. The increase in imbibition is attributed to the micro-voids generated during ageing. These micro-voids act as channels for water absorption. Further, the degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposites was decreased as a result of inhibition by the nano-particles on the regular packing of polymer molecules. The structure–property correlations were explicated based on the achieved mechanical properties.

The advancement of construction 3D printing (C3DP) relies heavily on optimizing the material formulation and hardware configuration. This study reports the development of a customized extrusion system—comprising a hopper, auger, and interchangeable nozzles— designed for use with locally sourced, cost-effective cementitious composites. A series of composite mixes were evaluated, with the CSSAW mix (cement, fine sand, fine soil, admixture, and water) exhibiting superior printability, achieving a slump height of 27 cm after 30 min and maintaining structural integrity across 11 printed layers. Compared to the baseline CSW mix, CSSAW showed a 92.8% improvement in flowability and a threefold enhancement in shape retention. Optimization of printing parameters, including a speed of 25 mm/s and layer height of 10 mm, further improved interlayer adhesion and surface quality. The rectangular nozzle was found to enhance deposition consistency and print stability. The findings establish a practical framework for deploying C3DP in real-world construction setups using sustainable materials and scalable extrusion systems.

This study develops a unified multiscale–machine learning framework to interpret and predict thermo-mechanical wear regime transitions in MWCNT- and nanoclay-reinforced bio-based epoxy composites. A physics-informed master wear formulation integrating real contact mechanics, geometry-dependent shear transfer, interfacial adhesion energetics, and fracture-controlled matrix detachment was combined with interpretable machine learning analytics on a unified tribological dataset. In the CNT system, increasing loading from 0.1 to 0.4 wt.% enhanced interfacial adhesion energy density from 0.00813 to 0.01906 J/m², resulting in a monotonic reduction in the wear rate from 0.00918 to 0.00613 mm³/N·m (~33% reduction). In contrast, nanoclay exhibited an optimum behavior, with a minimum wear at 0.25 wt.% (0.000093 mm³/N·m; 7.9% reduction vs. neat clay baseline), followed by deterioration at a higher loading due to dispersion loss. The unified probabilistic regime classification of low-wear conditions (k < 0.007 mm³/N·m) achieved an ROC − AUC = 0.9256 and balanced accuracy = 94.3%, with thermo-mechanical severity identified as the dominant regime-switching driver. Reinforcement identity significantly modulated regime stability, confirming distinct shear transfer (Carbon Nano Tubes(CNT)) and confinement/tribofilm (clay) mechanisms within a common mathematical framework. By enabling the durability-oriented design of bio-based tribological systems and extending component service life through predictive stability mapping, this work contributes to resource-efficient materials engineering and reduced lifecycle waste, supporting Sustainable Development Goals SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

The current study compares and analyses the fly-ash–epoxy composite structure with alloys for bracket applications. A dispersed reinforcement composite is created by combining epoxy and fly-ash. Three different prototypical brackets are modelled and analysed using the finite element method, and their results are compared to common alloys used in the manufacture of L-shaped brackets. The mechanical properties of the composite material are calculated using a rule of mixtures, and the properties of the composite material are modified by changing the percentage composition of fly-ash. Based on equivalent stress and total deformation, all geometrical models are analysed and compared. The analysis results appear to be appropriate for broadening the scope of the application of epoxy-based composites for small-scale and large-scale applications. The results also show that the composite material can be used to make a variety of structural elements with high design complexity, such as bulkheads and other structural components.