Background and Objectives: In Peru, the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is a constant concern in hospitals and has likely increased in frequency during the pandemic. The objective of the study was to analyze the frequency of carbapenemase-producing bacteria resistant to two carbapenems (Imipenem and Meropenem), which were isolated from Peruvian patients in the intensive care unit of the Victor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital in Trujillo (Peru) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The biological samples of the patients hospitalized in the ICU were processed in the Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory of the Víctor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital between May 2021 and March 2022. Antimicrobial sensitivity was determined with the automated system AutoScan-4, and for the identification of the type of carbapenemase, the RESISIT-3 O.K.N K-SET cassettes were used. Results: The results show that 76 cultures (76/129) had resistance to the two carbapenems (imipenem or meropenem), where the most frequent were Klebsiella pneuomoniae (31.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.3%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (14.5%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures showed at least three carbapenemase types (KPC, NDM, and OXA-48), while A. baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Burkholderia cepacia complex presented at least two carbapenemases (NDM and OXA-48). The carbapenemase NDM was detected in Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii, and Proteus mirabilis, while KPC was present in all Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca cultures. Conclusions: The samples from patients hospitalized in the Victor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital ICU showed a high prevalence of imipenem- and meropenem-resistant bacteria. These findings are relevant and concerning from the perspective of antibiotic-resistant bacteria monitoring, control, and disinfection. Thus, an appropriate antibiotic policy must be implemented.

Beaches worldwide are popular tourist destinations that attract both local and international tourists and the increase in population density in the summer season generates an increase in domestic and industrial waste dumped into the seas and oceans, the present work of The objective of the research is to determine the antibacterial sensitivity of bacteria isolated in seawater; For which the three most popular beaches of La Libertad were sampled during October and November of 2023. The results obtained showed that the beaches of Salaverry have good microbiological quality, while the microbiological quality of the beaches of Las Delicias and Huanchaco is poor; E coli being the bacteria that is isolated most frequently and presents resistance to Ampicillin (AMP) and Ciprofloxaxin (CIP): this research concludes that due to the dumping of wastewater in coastal areas, microbiological contamination of the beaches is produced, which is a danger. latent for bathers who come during the summer.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el tipo de carbapenemasa presente en Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Acinetobacter spp. aisladas de los pacientes hospitalizados en UCI del Hospital IV “Víctor Lazarte Echegaray”, durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Se recolectaron las muestras biológicas de los pacientes hospitalizados en UCI, la identificación y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se realizó con el sistema automatizado AutoScan-4 y para la identificación del tipo de carbapenemasa se empleó los cassettes RE-SISIT-3 O.K.N K-SET. De un total de 129 cultivos, el 58,9% resultaron ser resistentes al menos a un carbapenémico (meropenem o imipenem), de los cuales 59.2% fueron Enterobacterales, el 26,3%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y el 14,5% Acinetobacter spp; al evaluar la presencia de carbapenemasas se encontró que 66 cultivos (51,2%) presentaban carbapenemasas; de los cuales 28 son positivos a KPC (42,4%), 25 a NDM (37,9%) y 13 a OXA-48 (19,7%). Se concluye que la presencia de carbapenemasas en los cultivos microbianos aislados de los pacientes hospitalizado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos supera el 30% reportado en el 2019 a nivel de Sur América.

During a gastrointestinal bacterial infection process, it is common for the population to take antibiotics indiscriminately. However, improper use of these can cause bacterial resistance; for this reason, alternative treatments are sought, using medicinal plants. Purpose: To evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the ethanolic extract of Cadillo (Bidens pilosa L.) against Salmonella typhimurium, which causes gastrointestinal infections. Methods: The ethanolic extract was obtained by maceration of 200g. of dried and ground leaves of Bidens pilosa L., in 1250 ml of absolute ethyl alcohol. The presence of the Phytoconstituents was determined by traditional chemical methods. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by the Kirby-Bauer method for concentrations of 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/mL. The evaluation of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was carried out by the Broth Macrodilution method. Results: A predominance of steroids and terpenoids was found in the extract. The antibacterial activity was present in all extracts, achieving inhibition zones from 10.097 mm ± 0.348 to 33.773 mm ±0.292, with inhibition percentages from 38.9 to 130.0 %. A MIC of 15.6 mg/mL and a MBC of 31.25 mg/mL were obtained. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of Bidens pilosa L. has a high antimicrobial potential against Salmonella typhimurium, and it is suggested to continue with studies that propose the use of this extract as a new alternative treatment for salmonellosis.