Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is the most common breathing-related sleep disorder. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete airway obstruction during sleep, resulting in a reduction in or the total cessation of airflow, despite ongoing respiratory efforts, leading to oxygen desaturation and arousal. The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the most common characteristics of this pathology, as well as to investigate the most effective treatment options, providing an update on the management of OSA patients.

Additive manufacturing is a technology that has many uses across a variety of fields. Its usage spans many fields, including the fields of art, design, architecture, engineering and medicine, including dentistry. The study aims to evaluate and compare the accuracy of three-dimensional printed dental models based on ethylene di-methacrylate using the SLA and DLP techniques. For evaluation, a reference model containing 16 maxillary permanent molars was chosen. An ATOS Capsule 3D scanner was used to scan the reference model. Using a photo-cured liquid resin, eight three-dimensional printed models were obtained using the reference model as benchmark. Four of the models (A1–A4) were obtained using SLA printing technology and four models (B1–B4) were manufactured using DLP printing technology. A standard best fit method was used to pre-align the reference and the printed model surfaces. The height of the teeth, and the mesial–distal and buccal–lingual distances were analyzed. The assessment of the two manufacturing methods was achieved by using non-parametric tests to compare the mean ranks for the assessed features. The results show that models obtained through DLP had a higher precision but also a higher bias. Both methods still are within the required accuracy range for dental models.

This study aimed to compare the color changes in two different orthodontic clear aligner systems after submersion in various beverages for 14 days. The tested aligner systems were Taglus Premium made of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (the TAG group) and CA^® Prodin+ made of a transparent copolyester and a thermoplastic elastomer (the PRO group). A total of 56 samples were firstly divided into two groups according to the tested system—TAG and PRO. Each group was subsequently divided in four subgroups according to immersion solution: A—artificial saliva, B—cola, C—coffee, D—red wine. Color measurements were performed on Days 1, 7 and 14 using a portable colorimeter and the CIE L*a*b* system. The obtained results showed significant color changes in both materials when exposed to coffee and red wine (p > 0.05). Samples in the PRO group showed a greater susceptibility to discoloration (higher ΔE values) when compared to the TAG group after submersion in cola (p = 0.025), coffee (p = 0.005) and red wine (p = 0.041) solutions. Statistical analysis revealed that all of the color parameters ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔE of both tested materials were affected by submersion in coffee solution for 14 days. In conclusion, the CA^® Pro+ aligner system is more prone to staining compared to the Taglus material after submersion for 14 days in cola, coffee and red wine solutions. Submersion for 14 days in coffee solution alters all of the color parameters (ΔL, Δa, Δb and ΔE) of both tested aligner materials.

Background: Augmented reality (AR) is revolutionizing implant and tooth-supported prosthodontics (ITSP) through enhanced precision, workflow efficiency, and educational outcomes. This scoping review systematically evaluates AR’s clinical applications, educational impacts, and implementation challenges. Methods: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase (2015–2025) for peer-reviewed studies on AR in ITSP. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria after dual independent screening. Data extraction focused on clinical outcomes, educational benefits, and technological limitations. Results: AR applications demonstrated: ITSP Practice: Submillimeter implant placement accuracy (0.42–0.69 mm entry deviation; p < 0.001 vs. freehand), 30% faster intraoral scanning (44 s vs. 63 s), and 37% reduction in preparation errors (p < 0.05); ITSP Education: 22–30% faster skill acquisition (p < 0.05) and 99% reduction in assessment time (10.5 s vs. 2 h/case). Key Gaps: Limited to two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), hardware costs ($3500–$10,000), and lack of standardized validation protocols. Conclusions: While AR significantly enhances ITSP precision and training efficiency, widespread adoption requires longitudinal clinical validation, cost-effectiveness analyses, and interoperable digital workflows.

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the deformation behavior of three different clear aligner systems, CA^® Pro+ Clear Aligner (Scheu Dental, Iserlohn, Germany), Taglus Premium (Taglus Company, Mumbai, India), and Spark Trugen (Ormco Corp., Orange, CA, USA), under compression testing, using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 patients were treated with each of the three aligner systems, resulting in 45 sets of aligners. Each aligner set was fixed on the 3D-printed dental arches and then in an articulator. Then, the samples were subjected to occlusal forces using a purpose-built test stand to allow for controlled force application and precise displacement determination. The DIC technique was used for capturing the deformation behavior, providing detailed strain and displacement fields. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests with a significance of 0.05. Results: The results indicate that the Spark system exhibited the most substantial rigid displacement. Furthermore, the elastic deformation values of the Spark and Taglus systems were significantly higher than those of the CA Pro+ system (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The Spark Trugen clear aligner system demonstrated a lower stability to rigid displacement and elastic deformation under compression testing compared to the Scheu CA^® Pro+ Clear Aligner and Taglus Premium. All three tested clear aligner systems showed an increased resistance to elastic displacement and rigid deformation in the mandibular arch.

Background/Objectives: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), including obstructive sleep apnea, is common in children and is associated with mouth breathing, snoring, and neurobehavioral disturbances. In pediatric orthodontic patients, oral habits and craniofacial imbalances may contribute to airway dysfunction, making orthodontic evaluation a potential setting for early identification of SDB. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SDB and to evaluate its associations with parent-reported behavioral symptom profiles in a cohort of pediatric orthodontic patients. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 186 children aged 7–13 years attending orthodontic clinics in Oradea and Târgu Mureș, Romania. Parents completed a structured questionnaire on oral habits, the 22-item Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), with SDB defined as 8 or more positive responses, and a parent-reported behavioral screening form assessing ADHD symptom subtypes, oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder, and anxiety/depression. These behavioral outcomes were based on screening measures and were not intended as clinical psychiatric diagnoses. Associations were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed adjusting for age, sex, and weight status. Results: Mouth breathing was reported in 61.8% of participants, snoring in 26.9%, and SDB in 13.4%. Positive screens for ADHD-inattentive (p < 0.001), ADHD-hyperactive/impulsive (p < 0.001), ADHD-combined (p < 0.001), ODD (p < 0.001), and anxiety/depression (p < 0.001) were significantly more frequent among children with SDB. In multivariable analysis, SDB remained independently associated with ADHD-combined subtype (OR = 6.22), ADHD-hyperactive/impulsive symptoms (OR = 5.84), oppositional-defiant disorder (OR = 4.91), and anxiety/depression (OR = 4.38). Conclusions: SDB was identified in a meaningful proportion of pediatric orthodontic patients and was significantly associated with multiple screening-defined behavioral symptom domains. These findings support consideration of brief airway- and sleep-oriented screening during orthodontic assessment, particularly in school-aged children presenting with mouth breathing, snoring, or behavioral concerns. Given the cross-sectional and questionnaire-based design, the findings should be interpreted as associative and warrant confirmation in prospective studies using objective sleep measures.