This study determined the influence of surface treatment and protracted ageing on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to CADCAM (milled) and 3D-printed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) provisional crowns (PCs). Eighty disc-shaped specimens [forty milled (CopraTemp WhitePeaks) [group (Gp) M] and forty printed (Asiga DentaTooth) (Gp P)] were divided into eight subgroups (Gp) based on surface treatment [no treatment (control) (Gp MC and Gp PC), coarse diamond (Gp MCD and Gp PCD), fine diamond (Gp MFD, and GP PFD) and sandblast (Gp MSB and Gp PSB)]. Orthodontic brackets were bonded (Assure Plus, Transbond XT), thermocycled (2200 cycles), and tested for SBS and failure (Adhesive Remnant Index) (ARI). Statistical tests included analysis of variance (ANOVA); Kruskal–Wallis (ARI ranks); and post hoc (Tukey, Dunn, and Bonferroni) for determining group differences at predetermined probability p-values less than 0.05. SBS was significantly increased in Gp MSB (15.51 Mpa) and Gp PSB (14.11 Mpa), while the coarse diamond subgroups yielded the lowest mean SBS values [Gp MCD (11.28 Mpa) and Gp PCD (11.62 Mpa)]. The SBS of subgroups MFD, MSB, PCD, and PSB showed significant differences from those of their respective controls (Gp MC and Gp PC). Low ARI scores were observed in Gp MC (0.40) and Gp MSB (0.80), while higher scores were observed in Gp PCD (2.10). Both milled and printed PCs fulfil the clinical criteria of the minimum SBS for orthodontic brackets for long-term use. However, milled PC has better SBS and low ARI scores, which make it more clinically feasible for orthodontic treatments.

BACKGROUND:Finite element analysis (FEA) for endocrown restorations (ER) on maxillary molars has rarely been investigated, despite its high incidence in gross decay and being treated endodontically. This study aimed to analyze the influence of various preparation features (margin type, pulp chamber extension, occlusal thickness) and restorative material (zirconia, lithium disilicate, nanoceramic resin) on the stress distribution pattern of maxillary first molar ER using three-dimensional FEA. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Six three-dimensional finite element models (models A-F) were created for ER maxillary molars, considering preparation features – margins (flat butt, 20° bevel, shoulder), pulpal extension (2 mm/4 mm), and occlusal thickness (3 mm) – for 3 ER materials (zirconia, lithium disilicate, nanoceramic resin). The closing phase of mastication was loaded with 600 Newtons of functional load from an apple bolus. Von Mises Stress (VMS) was used to calculate tooth component and ER stress distributions. Standard criteria were used to calculate cement layer failure risk. RESULTS:Resin nanoceramic shoulder margins with 2- and 4-mm PE (models E and F) had higher stress concentrations on the tooth preparation surface, cervical enamel, buccal roots, and ER intaglio surface. Higher elastic modulus (ME) materials had higher stress concentrations inside ER and less stress in the cement layer, facilitating tooth bonding. Resin nanoceramic distributed stresses more uniformly on ER/tooth tissues. CONCLUSIONS:Different margin and pulpal extension preparation features and restorative materials cause varied ER stress distribution. Shoulder margin created considerably larger stresses in dental tissue and ER than flat butt margin, regardless of material type. Increased pulpal extension reduced tooth tissue stresses but increased ER.

This scoping review synthesizes current evidence on the applications, effectiveness, workflow, and limitations of robotic technologies in prosthodontics and implant dentistry, focusing on their potential to enhance precision, reproducibility, and clinical outcomes. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science from January 2015 to May 2025, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies were screened and selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, with data extracted into categories of prosthetic dentistry, implant dentistry, and robotic development stages. Twenty-one studies were included (7 prosthodontics, 14 implantology). In prosthodontics, robotic systems demonstrated high accuracy in veneer and crown preparations (errors < 0.4 mm) and automated denture arch generation (positioning accuracy 0.09 mm). Implant dentistry studies revealed robotic systems (Yomi, Remebot) outperformed static/dynamic navigation in precision, with mean angular deviations < 2.81° and coronal/apical deviations < 1 mm. Semi-active and active robots dominated implant applications, while prosthodontic robots were primarily active but less clinically advanced. Robotic technologies hold transformative potential for implant and prosthetic dentistry, with higher precision and workflow efficiency. However, robust clinical trials and cost-effective solutions are needed for adoption of these systems in regular clinics.

Background/Objectives: Oral health has a significant impact on our overall well-being. The DMFT index assesses dental caries prevalence, whilst the body mass index (BMI) estimates body fat, with obesity defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m². Obesity adversely affects women’s health, including increased risks of chronic diseases. In Saudi Arabia, with a rising obesity rate, especially amongst women, highlights the need to investigate the relationship between BMI and oral health. Our aim is to evaluate the association of high BMI (body mass index), dental history, diet, physical activity, and oral hygiene practices with DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) of female students at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included female students at a sports facility in Taif University, Saudi Arabia, with a high BMI. A convenience sampling technique was used. Participants were categorized into three groups based on their BMI. Data was then collected through structured interviews and oral examinations. The prevalence and types of chief complaints, sociodemographic status, and DMFT index in female students with a high BMI, as well as the possible mechanisms linking BMI, were analyzed. Results: The study included 138 female students, 86 of whom were obese female students, aged 18–27. Compared to the control group, participants with higher BMI were more likely to visit the dentist due to pain and had a higher number of missing teeth. Systemic diseases, such as asthma and type 2 diabetes, were significantly more prevalent among obese participants. No significant correlation was found between BMI and dental hygiene practices or dietary habits. Higher BMI was significantly associated with an increase in missing teeth (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.18, p = 0.045). However, it was not found with the overall DMFT index. Conclusions: higher BMI among female university students was associated with an increased prevalence of missing teeth and systemic diseases

BACKGROUND Chairside grinding, finishing, and polishing are essential for smoothing multilayered monolithic zirconia (MMLZ) restorations. Due to rubber matrix hardening, repeated sterilization of finishing and polishing instruments reduces their abrasive effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sterilization cycles on the effectiveness of 3 commercial polishing kits on the surface roughness of MMLZ crown restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred milled, disc-shaped zirconia specimens (10 mm diameter, 3 mm thickness) were divided into 3 groups (n=30) based on the polishing kit used [EVE Diacera, SS White, Ultradent Jiffy]. Each group was further subdivided based on 1, 5, or 10 flash sterilization cycles (n=10). Profilometers measured average surface roughness while objective qualitative analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy. A one-way ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis) rank test and a post-hoc Dunn test with Bonferroni correction were used to determine the significance of median values and mean rank scores. The significance threshold for probability 'P' value was set at P≤0.05. RESULTS After 5 autoclaving cycles, the EVE Diacera group had a statistically significant increase in surface roughness (P=0.0009), which decreased somewhat after 10 cycles. The Ultradent Jiffy reduced surface roughness after repeated autoclaving, but SS White did not. Surface roughness did not change across groups after multiple autoclaving cycles, according to post-hoc analysis. CONCLUSIONS MMLZ surface roughness produced by all 3 polishing systems was clinically acceptable after 10 flash sterilization cycles. Ten flash sterilization cycles did not affect the efficiency of any of the polishing systems to produce a smooth surface on the MMLZ specimens.