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The substrate plays a key role in chemoresistive gas sensors. It acts as mechanical support for the sensing material, hosts the heating element and, also, aids the sensing material in signal transduction. In recent years, a significant improvement in the substrate production process has been achieved, thanks to the advances in micro- and nanofabrication for micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technologies. In addition, the use of innovative materials and smaller low-power consumption silicon microheaters led to the development of high-performance gas sensors. Various heater layouts were investigated to optimize the temperature distribution on the membrane, and a suspended membrane configuration was exploited to avoid heat loss by conduction through the silicon bulk. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies focused on predictive models for the optimization of the thermal and mechanical properties of a microheater. In this work, three microheater layouts in three membrane sizes were developed using the microfabrication process. The performance of these devices was evaluated to predict their thermal and mechanical behaviors by using both experimental and theoretical approaches. Finally, a statistical method was employed to cross-correlate the thermal predictive model and the mechanical failure analysis, aiming at microheater design optimization for gas-sensing applications.
Andrea Gaiardo; David Novel; Elia Scattolo; Michele Crivellari; Antonino Picciotto; Francesco Ficorella; Erica Iacob; Alessio Bucciarelli; Luisa Petti; Paolo Lugli; Alvise Bagolini. Optimization of a Low-Power Chemoresistive Gas Sensor: Predictive Thermal Modelling and Mechanical Failure Analysis. Sensors 2021, 21, 783 .
AMA StyleAndrea Gaiardo, David Novel, Elia Scattolo, Michele Crivellari, Antonino Picciotto, Francesco Ficorella, Erica Iacob, Alessio Bucciarelli, Luisa Petti, Paolo Lugli, Alvise Bagolini. Optimization of a Low-Power Chemoresistive Gas Sensor: Predictive Thermal Modelling and Mechanical Failure Analysis. Sensors. 2021; 21 (3):783.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Gaiardo; David Novel; Elia Scattolo; Michele Crivellari; Antonino Picciotto; Francesco Ficorella; Erica Iacob; Alessio Bucciarelli; Luisa Petti; Paolo Lugli; Alvise Bagolini. 2021. "Optimization of a Low-Power Chemoresistive Gas Sensor: Predictive Thermal Modelling and Mechanical Failure Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 3: 783.
In recent decades, agriculture has faced the fundamental challenge of needing to increase food production and quality in order to meet the requirements of a growing global population. Similarly, viticulture has also been undergoing change. Several countries are reducing their vineyard areas, and several others are increasing them. In addition, viticulture is moving towards higher altitudes and latitudes due to climate change. Furthermore, global warming is also exacerbating the incidence of fungal diseases in vineyards, forcing farmers to apply agrochemicals to preserve production yields and quality. The repeated application of copper (Cu)-based fungicides in conventional and organic farming has caused a stepwise accumulation of Cu in vineyard soils, posing environmental and toxicological threats. High Cu concentrations in soils can have multiple impacts on agricultural systems. In fact, it can (i) alter the chemical-physical properties of soils, thus compromising their fertility; (ii) induce toxicity phenomena in plants, producing detrimental effects on growth and productivity; and (iii) affect the microbial biodiversity of soils, thereby influencing some microbial-driven soil processes. However, several indirect (e.g., management of rhizosphere processes through intercropping and/or fertilization strategies) and direct (e.g., exploitation of vine resistant genotypes) strategies have been proposed to restrain Cu accumulation in soils. Furthermore, the application of precision and smart viticulture paradigms and their related technologies could allow a timely, localized and balanced distribution of agrochemicals to achieve the required goals. The present review highlights the necessity of applying multidisciplinary approaches to meet the requisites of sustainability demanded of modern viticulture.
Stefano Cesco; Youry Pii; Luigimaria Borruso; Guido Orzes; Paolo Lugli; Fabrizio Mazzetto; Giulio Genova; Marco Signorini; Gustavo Brunetto; Roberto Terzano; Gianpiero Vigani; Tanja Mimmo. A Smart and Sustainable Future for Viticulture Is Rooted in Soil: How to Face Cu Toxicity. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 907 .
AMA StyleStefano Cesco, Youry Pii, Luigimaria Borruso, Guido Orzes, Paolo Lugli, Fabrizio Mazzetto, Giulio Genova, Marco Signorini, Gustavo Brunetto, Roberto Terzano, Gianpiero Vigani, Tanja Mimmo. A Smart and Sustainable Future for Viticulture Is Rooted in Soil: How to Face Cu Toxicity. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefano Cesco; Youry Pii; Luigimaria Borruso; Guido Orzes; Paolo Lugli; Fabrizio Mazzetto; Giulio Genova; Marco Signorini; Gustavo Brunetto; Roberto Terzano; Gianpiero Vigani; Tanja Mimmo. 2021. "A Smart and Sustainable Future for Viticulture Is Rooted in Soil: How to Face Cu Toxicity." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 907.
This work demonstrates a cost-effective manufacturing method of flexible and fully printed microheaters, using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the heating element. Two different structures with different number of CNT layers have been characterized in detail. The benchmarking has been carried out in terms of maximum operating temperature, as well as nominal resistance and input power for different applied voltages. Their performances have been compared with previous reports for similar devices, fabricated with other technologies. The results have shown that the heaters presented can achieve high temperatures in a small area at lower voltages and lower input power. In particular, the fully printed heaters fabricated on a flexible substrate covering an area of 3.2 mm2 and operating at 9.5 V exhibit a maximum temperature point above 70 °C with a power consumption below 200 mW. Therefore, we have demonstrated that this technology paves the way for a cost-effective large-scale fabrication of flexible microheaters aimed to be integrated in flexible sensors.
Aniello Falco; Francisco J. Romero; Florin C. Loghin; Alina Lyuleeva; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Diego P. Morales; Noel Rodriguez; Jose F. Salmerón; Almudena Rivadeneyra. Printed and Flexible Microheaters Based on Carbon Nanotubes. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1879 .
AMA StyleAniello Falco, Francisco J. Romero, Florin C. Loghin, Alina Lyuleeva, Markus Becherer, Paolo Lugli, Diego P. Morales, Noel Rodriguez, Jose F. Salmerón, Almudena Rivadeneyra. Printed and Flexible Microheaters Based on Carbon Nanotubes. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (9):1879.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAniello Falco; Francisco J. Romero; Florin C. Loghin; Alina Lyuleeva; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Diego P. Morales; Noel Rodriguez; Jose F. Salmerón; Almudena Rivadeneyra. 2020. "Printed and Flexible Microheaters Based on Carbon Nanotubes." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9: 1879.
Giuseppe Cantarella; Júlio Costa; Tilo Meister; Koichi Ishida; Corrado Carta; Frank Ellinger; Paolo Lugli; Niko Münzenrieder; Luisa Petti. Review of recent trends in flexible metal oxide thin-film transistors for analog applications. Flexible and Printed Electronics 2020, 5, 033001 .
AMA StyleGiuseppe Cantarella, Júlio Costa, Tilo Meister, Koichi Ishida, Corrado Carta, Frank Ellinger, Paolo Lugli, Niko Münzenrieder, Luisa Petti. Review of recent trends in flexible metal oxide thin-film transistors for analog applications. Flexible and Printed Electronics. 2020; 5 (3):033001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiuseppe Cantarella; Júlio Costa; Tilo Meister; Koichi Ishida; Corrado Carta; Frank Ellinger; Paolo Lugli; Niko Münzenrieder; Luisa Petti. 2020. "Review of recent trends in flexible metal oxide thin-film transistors for analog applications." Flexible and Printed Electronics 5, no. 3: 033001.
Furaneol is a widely used flavoring agent, which can be naturally found in different products, such as strawberries or thermally processed foods. This is why it is extremely important to detect furaneol in the food industry using ultra-sensitive, stable, and selective sensors. In this context, electrochemical biosensors are particularly attractive as they provide a cheap and reliable alternative measurement device. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively investigated as suitable materials to effectively increase the sensitivity of the biosensors. However, a comparison of the performance of biosensors employing CNTs and AgNPs is still missing. Herein, the effect of CNTs and AgNPs on the biosensor performance has been thoughtfully analyzed. Therefore, disposable flexible and screen printed electrochemical aptasensor modified with CNTs (CNT-ME), or AgNPs (AgNP-ME) have been developed. Under optimized conditions, CNT-MEs showed better performance compared to AgNP-ME, yielding a linear range of detection over a dynamic concentration range of 1 fM–35 μM and 2 pM–200 nM, respectively, as well as high selectivity towards furaneol. Finally, our aptasensor was tested in a real sample (strawberry) and validated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), showing that it could find an application in the food industry.
Ali Douaki; Biresaw Demelash Abera; Giuseppe Cantarella; Bajramshahe Shkodra; Asma Mushtaq; Pietro Ibba; Akm Sarwar Inam; Luisa Petti; Paolo Lugli. Flexible Screen Printed Aptasensor for Rapid Detection of Furaneol: A Comparison of CNTs and AgNPs Effect on Aptasensor Performance. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1167 .
AMA StyleAli Douaki, Biresaw Demelash Abera, Giuseppe Cantarella, Bajramshahe Shkodra, Asma Mushtaq, Pietro Ibba, Akm Sarwar Inam, Luisa Petti, Paolo Lugli. Flexible Screen Printed Aptasensor for Rapid Detection of Furaneol: A Comparison of CNTs and AgNPs Effect on Aptasensor Performance. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (6):1167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Douaki; Biresaw Demelash Abera; Giuseppe Cantarella; Bajramshahe Shkodra; Asma Mushtaq; Pietro Ibba; Akm Sarwar Inam; Luisa Petti; Paolo Lugli. 2020. "Flexible Screen Printed Aptasensor for Rapid Detection of Furaneol: A Comparison of CNTs and AgNPs Effect on Aptasensor Performance." Nanomaterials 10, no. 6: 1167.
Heterocyclic amine histamine is a well-known foodborne toxicant (mostly linked to “scombroid poisoning”) synthesized from the microbial decarboxylation of amino acid histidine. In this work, we report the fabrication of a flexible screen-printed immunosensor based on a silver electrode coated with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for the detection of histamine directly in fish samples. Biosensors were realized by first spray depositing SWCNTs on the working electrodes and by subsequently treating them with oxygen plasma to reduce the unwanted effects related to their hydrophobicity. Next, anti-histamine antibodies were directly immobilized on the treated SWCNTs. Histamine was detected using the typical reaction of histamine and histamine-labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) competing to bind with anti-histamine antibodies. The developed immunosensor shows a wide linear detection range from 0.005 to 50 ng/mL for histamine samples, with a coefficient of determination as high as 98.05%. Average recoveries in fish samples were observed from 96.00% to 104.7%. The biosensor also shows good selectivity (less than 3% relative response for cadaverine, putrescine, and tyramine), reproducibility, mechanical and time stability, being a promising analytical tool for the analysis of histamine, as well as of other food hazards.
Bajramshahe Shkodra; Biresaw Demelash Abera; Giuseppe Cantarella; Ali Douaki; Enrico Avancini; Luisa Petti; Paolo Lugli. Flexible and Printed Electrochemical Immunosensor Coated with Oxygen Plasma Treated SWCNTs for Histamine Detection. Biosensors 2020, 10, 35 .
AMA StyleBajramshahe Shkodra, Biresaw Demelash Abera, Giuseppe Cantarella, Ali Douaki, Enrico Avancini, Luisa Petti, Paolo Lugli. Flexible and Printed Electrochemical Immunosensor Coated with Oxygen Plasma Treated SWCNTs for Histamine Detection. Biosensors. 2020; 10 (4):35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBajramshahe Shkodra; Biresaw Demelash Abera; Giuseppe Cantarella; Ali Douaki; Enrico Avancini; Luisa Petti; Paolo Lugli. 2020. "Flexible and Printed Electrochemical Immunosensor Coated with Oxygen Plasma Treated SWCNTs for Histamine Detection." Biosensors 10, no. 4: 35.
In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of realization of transparent gas sensors based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Both sensing layer and electrodes consist of CNTs deposited by spray deposition. The transparent sensor—with a transmittance higher than 60% in both sensing layer and electrodes—is characterized towards NH3 and CO2 and compared with a reference sensor with the same active layer but evaporated Au electrodes. In particular, the sensitivity towards NH3 is virtually identical for both reference and transparent sensors, whereas the transparent device exhibits higher sensitivity to CO2 than the reference electrode. The effect of the spacing among consecutive electrodes is also studied, demonstrating that a wider spacing in fully CNT based sensors results in a higher sensitivity because of the higher sensing resistance, whereas this effect was not observed in gold electrodes, as their resistance can be neglected with respect to the resistance of the CNT sensing layer. Overall, the transparent sensors show performance comparable—if not superior—to the traditionally realized ones, opening the way for seamlessly integrated sensors, which do not compromise on quality.
Florin C. Loghin; Aniello Falco; Jose F. Salmeron; Paolo Lugli; Alaa Abdellah; Almudena Rivadeneyra. Fully Transparent Gas Sensor Based on Carbon Nanotubes. Sensors 2019, 19, 4591 .
AMA StyleFlorin C. Loghin, Aniello Falco, Jose F. Salmeron, Paolo Lugli, Alaa Abdellah, Almudena Rivadeneyra. Fully Transparent Gas Sensor Based on Carbon Nanotubes. Sensors. 2019; 19 (20):4591.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorin C. Loghin; Aniello Falco; Jose F. Salmeron; Paolo Lugli; Alaa Abdellah; Almudena Rivadeneyra. 2019. "Fully Transparent Gas Sensor Based on Carbon Nanotubes." Sensors 19, no. 20: 4591.
The evaluation of fruit quality from the field to the table, through its storage, handling and transport has become of paramount importance to meet production and consumers demands. For this purpose, fast, reliable and low-cost non-destructive techniques are highly desirable, to avoid food waste and allow a real-time decision making. Among non-destructive techniques, Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has shown great potential due to the possibility to correlate the physio-chemical evolution of the fruit to changes of electrical parameters. In this paper, the effect of ageing on apples and bananas during 13 d at room temperature was studied using a microcontroller-based EIS system, in a frequency range from 100 Hz to 85 kHz. The bio-impedance changes were evaluated over time and the influence of the applied frequencies on its variation was investigated. Data were fitted with a proposed equivalent circuit, modelling both the interaction between the fruit and the sensor and the flow of current in the samples tissues. To validate the results, the circuit parameter changes were physiologically explained and the fitting compared with models found in literature. The results highlighted the potential of this non-destructive technique for monitoring the ripening and senescence of fruit, obtaining a good correlation of the impedance evolution with the low frequency points. The model fitting resulted in a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), for apples (376.5 Ω - 2.66%) and bananas (110.8 Ω - 2.82%), was comparable or better than best literature models. Finally, changes of circuit component values over time was explained for the electrode-fruit interaction and for the current flow in the plant tissues, giving a better insight of fruit ripening and senescence.
Pietro Ibba; Aniello Falco; Biresaw Demelash Abera; Giuseppe Cantarella; Luisa Petti; Paolo Lugli. Bio-impedance and circuit parameters: An analysis for tracking fruit ripening. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2019, 159, 110978 .
AMA StylePietro Ibba, Aniello Falco, Biresaw Demelash Abera, Giuseppe Cantarella, Luisa Petti, Paolo Lugli. Bio-impedance and circuit parameters: An analysis for tracking fruit ripening. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 2019; 159 ():110978.
Chicago/Turabian StylePietro Ibba; Aniello Falco; Biresaw Demelash Abera; Giuseppe Cantarella; Luisa Petti; Paolo Lugli. 2019. "Bio-impedance and circuit parameters: An analysis for tracking fruit ripening." Postharvest Biology and Technology 159, no. : 110978.
Detection of mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), in milk is crucial to be able to guarantee food quality and safety. In recent years, biosensors have been emerging as a fast, reliable and low-cost technique for the detection of this toxin. In this work, flexible biosensors were fabricated using dispense-printed electrodes, which were functionalized with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and subsequently coated with specific antibodies to improve their sensitivity. Next, the immunosensor was tested for the detection of AFM1 in buffer solution and a spiked milk sample using a chronoamperometric technique. Results showed that the working range of the sensors was 0.01 µg/L at minimum and 1 µg/L at maximum in both buffer and spiked milk. The lower limit of detection of the SWCNT-functionalized sensor was 0.02 µg/L, which indicates an improved sensitivity compared to the sensors reported so far. The sensitivity and detection range were in accordance with the limitation values imposed by regulations on milk and its products. Therefore, considering the low fabrication cost, the ease of operation, and the rapid read-out, the use of this sensor could contribute to safeguarding consumers’ health.
Biresaw Demelash Abera; Aniello Falco; Pietro Ibba; Giuseppe Cantarella; Luisa Petti; Paolo Lugli. Development of Flexible Dispense-Printed Electrochemical Immunosensor for Aflatoxin M1 Detection in Milk. Sensors 2019, 19, 3912 .
AMA StyleBiresaw Demelash Abera, Aniello Falco, Pietro Ibba, Giuseppe Cantarella, Luisa Petti, Paolo Lugli. Development of Flexible Dispense-Printed Electrochemical Immunosensor for Aflatoxin M1 Detection in Milk. Sensors. 2019; 19 (18):3912.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiresaw Demelash Abera; Aniello Falco; Pietro Ibba; Giuseppe Cantarella; Luisa Petti; Paolo Lugli. 2019. "Development of Flexible Dispense-Printed Electrochemical Immunosensor for Aflatoxin M1 Detection in Milk." Sensors 19, no. 18: 3912.
In this work, we report on a fabrication protocol to produce fully inkjet-printed temperature sensors on a bendable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The sensing layer is made of polymer-based Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) ink that is electrically contacted by an underlying interdigitated electrode (IDE) structure based on a silver nanoparticle (AgNP) ink. Both inks are available commercially, and no further ink processing is needed to print them using a cost-effective consumer printer with standard cartridges. The fabricated sensor modules are tested for different IDE dimensions and post-deposition treatments of the AgNP film for their response to a temperature range of 20 to 70 °C and moisture range of 20 to 90% RH (relative humidity). Attributed to the higher initial resistance, sensor modules with a larger electrode spacing of 200 µm show a higher thermal sensitivity that is increased by a factor of 1.8 to 2.2 when compared to sensor modules with a 150 µm-spacing. In all cases, the sensors exhibit high linearity towards temperature and a response comparable to state of the art.
Almudena Rivadeneyra; Marco Bobinger; Andreas Albrecht; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Aniello Falco; Jose F. Salmerón. Cost-Effective PEDOT:PSS Temperature Sensors Inkjetted on a Bendable Substrate by a Consumer Printer. Polymers 2019, 11, 824 .
AMA StyleAlmudena Rivadeneyra, Marco Bobinger, Andreas Albrecht, Markus Becherer, Paolo Lugli, Aniello Falco, Jose F. Salmerón. Cost-Effective PEDOT:PSS Temperature Sensors Inkjetted on a Bendable Substrate by a Consumer Printer. Polymers. 2019; 11 (5):824.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmudena Rivadeneyra; Marco Bobinger; Andreas Albrecht; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Aniello Falco; Jose F. Salmerón. 2019. "Cost-Effective PEDOT:PSS Temperature Sensors Inkjetted on a Bendable Substrate by a Consumer Printer." Polymers 11, no. 5: 824.
In this article, we report on an efficient post-treatment protocol for the manufacturing of pristine single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films. To produce an ink for the deposition, the SWCNTs are dispersed in an aqueous solution with the aid of a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derivative as the dispersing agent. On the basis of this SWCNT-ink, ultra-thin and uniform films are then fabricated by spray-deposition using a commercial and fully automated robot. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we show that the CMC matrix covering the CNTs can be fully removed by an immersion treatment in HNO₃ followed by thermal annealing at a moderate temperature of 100 °C, in the ambient air. We propose that the presented protocols for the ink preparation and the post-deposition treatments can in future serve as a facile and efficient platform for the fabrication of high-quality and residual-free SWCNT films. The purity of SWCNT films is of particular importance for sensing applications, where residual-induced doping and dedoping processes distort the contributions from the sensing specimen. To study the usability of the presented films for practical applications, gas sensors are fabricated and characterized with the CNT-films as the sensing material, screen printed silver-based films for the interdigitated electrode (IDE) structure, and polyimide as a flexible and robust substrate. The sensors show a high and stable response of 11% to an ammonia (NH₃) test gas, at a concentration of 10 ppm.
Florin Loghin; Almudena Rivadeneyra; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Marco Bobinger. A Facile and Efficient Protocol for Preparing Residual-Free Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films for Stable Sensing Applications. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 471 .
AMA StyleFlorin Loghin, Almudena Rivadeneyra, Markus Becherer, Paolo Lugli, Marco Bobinger. A Facile and Efficient Protocol for Preparing Residual-Free Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films for Stable Sensing Applications. Nanomaterials. 2019; 9 (3):471.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorin Loghin; Almudena Rivadeneyra; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Marco Bobinger. 2019. "A Facile and Efficient Protocol for Preparing Residual-Free Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films for Stable Sensing Applications." Nanomaterials 9, no. 3: 471.
The necessity to place sensors far away from the processing unit in smart clothes or artificial skins for robots may require conductive wirings on stretchable materials at very low-cost. In this work, we present an easy method to produce wires using only commercially available materials. A consumer grade inkjet printer was used to print a wire of silver nanoparticles with a sheet resistance below 1 Ω/sq. on a non-pre-strained sheet of elastic silicone. This wire was stretched more than 10,000 times and was still conductive afterwards. The viscoelastic behavior of the substrate results in a temporarily increased resistance that decreases to almost the original value. After over-stretching, the wire is conductive within less than a second. We analyze the swelling of the silicone due to the ink's solvent and the nanoparticle film on top by microscope and SEM images. Finally, a 60 mm long stretchable conductor was integrated onto wearables, and showed that it can bear strains of up to 300% and recover to a conductivity that allows the operation of an assembled LED assembled at only 1.8 V. These self-healing wires can serve as wiring and binary strain or pressure sensors in sportswear, compression underwear, and in robotic applications.
Andreas Albrecht; Marco Bobinger; José Fernández Salmerón; Markus Becherer; Gordon Cheng; Paolo Lugli; Almudena Rivedeneyra; Almudena Rivadeneyra. Over-Stretching Tolerant Conductors on Rubber Films by Inkjet-Printing Silver Nanoparticles for Wearables. Polymers 2018, 10, 1413 .
AMA StyleAndreas Albrecht, Marco Bobinger, José Fernández Salmerón, Markus Becherer, Gordon Cheng, Paolo Lugli, Almudena Rivedeneyra, Almudena Rivadeneyra. Over-Stretching Tolerant Conductors on Rubber Films by Inkjet-Printing Silver Nanoparticles for Wearables. Polymers. 2018; 10 (12):1413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Albrecht; Marco Bobinger; José Fernández Salmerón; Markus Becherer; Gordon Cheng; Paolo Lugli; Almudena Rivedeneyra; Almudena Rivadeneyra. 2018. "Over-Stretching Tolerant Conductors on Rubber Films by Inkjet-Printing Silver Nanoparticles for Wearables." Polymers 10, no. 12: 1413.
In this work, we report on the fabrication of light and pressure sensors based on the piezo-and pyro material polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In addition to the operation as sensors, the presented devices are characterized as energy harvesters. To form an electrical connection to the 39 μm thick PVDF foil, solution-based and transparent electrode (TE) materials such as silver nanowires (AgNWs) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) are utilized and compared with commercial aluminum electrodes on polymer substrate. We show that the performance with regard to sensitivity and generated output power of the TE-PVDF devices outperforms the one for the aluminum foil devices. For the piezo- and pyroelectric effect, a pressure and light sensitivity of 3.6 mV/Pa and 42 V cm2/W, respectively, are measured. The maximum RMS power for the piezo- and pyro effect yield to 1 μW and 0.42 μW, respectively, for an active PVDF area of 8 cm2. At the end of this contribution, we show that this power suffices to drive an energy autarkic wireless sensor node (WSN) that is capable of measuring and transmitting an analog sensor signal using ultra-low power components. This application contributes substantially to the notion of the internet of things (IoT) since paramount aspects such as wireless technology, embedded electronics, and environmental sensor data together with an ultra-low power management are addressed.
Marco Bobinger; Sherif Keddis; Stefan Hinterleuthner; Markus Becherer; Fabian Kluge; Norbert Schwesinger; Jose F. Salmeron; Paolo Lugli; Almudena Rivadeneyra. Light and Pressure Sensors Based on PVDF With Sprayed and Transparent Electrodes for Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Nodes. IEEE Sensors Journal 2018, 19, 1114 -1126.
AMA StyleMarco Bobinger, Sherif Keddis, Stefan Hinterleuthner, Markus Becherer, Fabian Kluge, Norbert Schwesinger, Jose F. Salmeron, Paolo Lugli, Almudena Rivadeneyra. Light and Pressure Sensors Based on PVDF With Sprayed and Transparent Electrodes for Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Nodes. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2018; 19 (3):1114-1126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Bobinger; Sherif Keddis; Stefan Hinterleuthner; Markus Becherer; Fabian Kluge; Norbert Schwesinger; Jose F. Salmeron; Paolo Lugli; Almudena Rivadeneyra. 2018. "Light and Pressure Sensors Based on PVDF With Sprayed and Transparent Electrodes for Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Nodes." IEEE Sensors Journal 19, no. 3: 1114-1126.
In this study, we report on femtosecond (470fs) laser pulse ablation and modification of solution processed single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks sprayed on oxidized silicon and polyimide substrates. Taking advantage of the small heat affected zone of the femtosecond pulse regime we demonstrate precise and selective laser processes, that advance laser patterning beyond simple galvanic isolation. A thorough investigation regarding the laser pulse-SWCNT film interaction is performed, identifying critical interaction regimes in the single- and multi-pulse operation mode. For the first time we achieve a pronounced debundling of the network, by operating the laser below the ablation threshold, a process that was previously limited to pre-deposition. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of polarized laser pulses on the ablation properties. Making use of linear polarized laser pulses we are able to selectively ablate SWCNTs, which are oriented parallel to the incident laser polarization, resulting in aligned networks with anisotropic conductivity. This feature was previously tied to direct growth of SWCNT, strongly limiting its implementation. The scaleability of the presented femtosecond laser processes is demonstrated, allowing for the use of low-cost solution processed SWCNT thin-films, while maintaining the advantages of on-chip SWCNT growth such as SWCNT separation and alignment.
Maximilian Spellauge; Florin-Cristian Loghin; Jürgen Sotrop; Matthias Domke; Marco Bobinger; Alaa Abdellah; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Heinz P. Huber. Ultra-short-pulse laser ablation and modification of fully sprayed single walled carbon nanotube networks. Carbon 2018, 138, 234 -242.
AMA StyleMaximilian Spellauge, Florin-Cristian Loghin, Jürgen Sotrop, Matthias Domke, Marco Bobinger, Alaa Abdellah, Markus Becherer, Paolo Lugli, Heinz P. Huber. Ultra-short-pulse laser ablation and modification of fully sprayed single walled carbon nanotube networks. Carbon. 2018; 138 ():234-242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaximilian Spellauge; Florin-Cristian Loghin; Jürgen Sotrop; Matthias Domke; Marco Bobinger; Alaa Abdellah; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Heinz P. Huber. 2018. "Ultra-short-pulse laser ablation and modification of fully sprayed single walled carbon nanotube networks." Carbon 138, no. : 234-242.
This work presents a comparative analysis of materials for planar semitransparent thermocouples fabricated by spray deposition on a flexible substrate. Three different materials are employed to build such devices, analyzing also the effect of the spray order in their final performance. The highest Seebeck coefficient (50.4 μV/K) is found for a junction made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on top of silver nanowires (AgNWs) whereas its efficiency in terms of power is the lowest because of the higher sheet resistance of the CNTs. In this case, the best combination for energy-harvesting purposes would be poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and AgNWs, with a power factor of 219 fW/K2. These results prove the feasibility of developing large-scale and cost-effective thermocouples that could be used for sensing or energy-harvesting applications.
Andreas Albrecht; Almudena Rivadeneyra; Marco Bobinger; Jacopo Bonaccini Calia; Florin C. Loghin; Jose F. Salmeron; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Aniello Falco. Scalable Deposition of Nanomaterial-Based Temperature Sensors for Transparent and Pervasive Electronics. Journal of Sensors 2018, 2018, 1 -9.
AMA StyleAndreas Albrecht, Almudena Rivadeneyra, Marco Bobinger, Jacopo Bonaccini Calia, Florin C. Loghin, Jose F. Salmeron, Markus Becherer, Paolo Lugli, Aniello Falco. Scalable Deposition of Nanomaterial-Based Temperature Sensors for Transparent and Pervasive Electronics. Journal of Sensors. 2018; 2018 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Albrecht; Almudena Rivadeneyra; Marco Bobinger; Jacopo Bonaccini Calia; Florin C. Loghin; Jose F. Salmeron; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Aniello Falco. 2018. "Scalable Deposition of Nanomaterial-Based Temperature Sensors for Transparent and Pervasive Electronics." Journal of Sensors 2018, no. : 1-9.
In this work, we investigate the thermal and acoustic frequency responses of nanostructured thermoacoustic loudspeakers. An opposite frequency dependence of thermal and acoustic responses was found independently of the device substrate (Kapton and glass) and the nanometric active film (silver nanowires and nm-thick metal films). The experimental results are interpreted with the support of a comprehensive electro-thermo-acoustic model, allowing for the separation of the purely thermal effects from the proper thermoacoustic (TA) transduction. The thermal interactions causing the reported opposite trends are understood, providing useful insights for the further development of the TA loudspeaker technology.
Paolo La Torraca; Marco Bobinger; Maurizio Servadio; Paolo Pavan; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Luca Larcher. On the Frequency Response of Nanostructured Thermoacoustic Loudspeakers. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 833 .
AMA StylePaolo La Torraca, Marco Bobinger, Maurizio Servadio, Paolo Pavan, Markus Becherer, Paolo Lugli, Luca Larcher. On the Frequency Response of Nanostructured Thermoacoustic Loudspeakers. Nanomaterials. 2018; 8 (10):833.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo La Torraca; Marco Bobinger; Maurizio Servadio; Paolo Pavan; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Luca Larcher. 2018. "On the Frequency Response of Nanostructured Thermoacoustic Loudspeakers." Nanomaterials 8, no. 10: 833.
Copper nanowires (CuNWs) have increasingly become subjected to academic and industrial research, which is attributed to their good performance as a transparent electrode (TE) material that competes with the one of indium tin oxide (ITO). Recently, an environmentally friendly and aqueous synthesis of CuNWs was demonstrated, without the use of hydrazine that is known for its unfavorable properties. In this work, we extend the current knowledge for the aqueous synthesis of CuNWs by studying their up-scaling potential. This potential is an important aspect for the commercialization and further development of CuNW-based devices. Due to the scalability and homogeneity of the deposition process, spray coating was selected to produce films with a low sheet resistance of 7.6 Ω/sq. and an optical transmittance of 77%, at a wavelength of 550 nm. Further, we present a comprehensive investigation of the degradation of CuNWs when subjected to different environmental stresses such as the exposure to ambient air, elevated temperatures, high electrical currents, moisture or ultraviolet (UV) light. For the oxidation process, a model is derived to describe the dependence of the breakdown time with the temperature and the initial resistance. Finally, polymer coatings made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), as well as oxide coatings composed of electron beam evaporated silicon dioxide (SiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) are tested to hinder the oxidation of the CuNW films under current flow.
Josef Mock; Marco Bobinger; Christian Bogner; Paolo Lugli; Markus Becherer. Aqueous Synthesis, Degradation, and Encapsulation of Copper Nanowires for Transparent Electrodes. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 767 .
AMA StyleJosef Mock, Marco Bobinger, Christian Bogner, Paolo Lugli, Markus Becherer. Aqueous Synthesis, Degradation, and Encapsulation of Copper Nanowires for Transparent Electrodes. Nanomaterials. 2018; 8 (10):767.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosef Mock; Marco Bobinger; Christian Bogner; Paolo Lugli; Markus Becherer. 2018. "Aqueous Synthesis, Degradation, and Encapsulation of Copper Nanowires for Transparent Electrodes." Nanomaterials 8, no. 10: 767.
In this work, we report on the fabrication and characterization of sub-300 nm electrode films based on solution-processed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Following the deposition of the electrode material using a scalable and homogenous spray process, the films are treated with thermal or photonic sintering to promote the coalescence of the nanoparticles and in turn decrease the resistivity of the films. After sintering, a resistivity of 63 ± 13 nΩ m is achieved for the AgNP films, which is only by a factor of four larger than the literature value for bulk silver. Both post-deposition treatments show a similar performance with regard to the achieved resistivity. However, photonic sintering avoids the need for thermal annealing at substrate temperatures of 150 °C and above. In addition, the photonic sintering process can easily be embedded in a roll-to-roll process and is extremely fast with light exposure times below 3 ms. Thus, this manufacturing technique paves the way for the use of flexible substrates in electronics. As a simple and practical application, we present the use of AgNP films for antennas operating in the 5 GHz band on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. An original coplanar design is employed for the fabrication of antennas with a single conductive layer that exhibit a maximum return loss and radiation of -27 dB and 95%, respectively.
Marco Bobinger; Michael Haider; Yash Goliya; Andreas Albrecht; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Almudena Rivadeneyra; Johannes Russer. On the sintering of solution-based silver nanoparticle thin-films for sprayed and flexible antennas. Nanotechnology 2018, 29, 485701 .
AMA StyleMarco Bobinger, Michael Haider, Yash Goliya, Andreas Albrecht, Markus Becherer, Paolo Lugli, Almudena Rivadeneyra, Johannes Russer. On the sintering of solution-based silver nanoparticle thin-films for sprayed and flexible antennas. Nanotechnology. 2018; 29 (48):485701.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Bobinger; Michael Haider; Yash Goliya; Andreas Albrecht; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Almudena Rivadeneyra; Johannes Russer. 2018. "On the sintering of solution-based silver nanoparticle thin-films for sprayed and flexible antennas." Nanotechnology 29, no. 48: 485701.
In this study, we report on an automated method based on a handwritten technique for the fabrication of low-cost gas sensors based on carbon nanotube (CNT) networks. Taking advantage of the inherent low-cost, flexible, and uncomplicated characteristics of pen-based techniques and combining them with an automated robotic system allows for high-resolution patterns, high reproducibility, and relatively high throughput considering the limitations of parallel processing. To showcase this, gas sensors capable of sensing NH3, CO2, CO, and ethanol, as well as temperature and relative humidity, are fabricated and characterized displaying competitive performance in relation to previously reported devices. The presented process is compatible with a variety of solutions and inks and, as such, allows for an easy integration into existing printing and coating frameworks with the greatest advantage being the ease of creating prototypes because of the nonstringent material requirements.
Florin C. Loghin; Aniello Falco; Andreas Albrecht; José Fernández Salmerón; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Almudena Rivandeneyra. A Handwriting Method for Low-Cost Gas Sensors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2018, 10, 34683 -34689.
AMA StyleFlorin C. Loghin, Aniello Falco, Andreas Albrecht, José Fernández Salmerón, Markus Becherer, Paolo Lugli, Almudena Rivandeneyra. A Handwriting Method for Low-Cost Gas Sensors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2018; 10 (40):34683-34689.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlorin C. Loghin; Aniello Falco; Andreas Albrecht; José Fernández Salmerón; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Almudena Rivandeneyra. 2018. "A Handwriting Method for Low-Cost Gas Sensors." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 40: 34683-34689.
This work describes a fully wireless sensory system where a chipless strategy is followed in the sensor part. Alternatively, to characterize only the sensing element, we present the response of the reader antenna when the sensing element is placed in its vicinity: changes in the parameter of interest are seen by the reader through inductive coupling, varying its frequency response. The sensing part consists of a LC circuit manufactured by printing techniques on a flexible substrate, whose electrical permittivity shows dependence with the moisture content. The measurement distance show significant differences in the frequency response: a change of 700 kHz is observed when the measurement is performed directly on the wireless chipless sensor between 20% and 80%RH, while this variation in frequency is reduced more than three times when measuring at the reader antenna with 5 mm distance between elements. Furthermore, we demonstrate the importance of the separation between reader and sensor to get a reliable measuring system.
José Fernández Salmerón; Andreas Albrecht; Silmi Kaffah; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Almudena Rivadeneyra. Wireless Chipless System for Humidity Sensing. Sensors 2018, 18, 2275 .
AMA StyleJosé Fernández Salmerón, Andreas Albrecht, Silmi Kaffah, Markus Becherer, Paolo Lugli, Almudena Rivadeneyra. Wireless Chipless System for Humidity Sensing. Sensors. 2018; 18 (7):2275.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Fernández Salmerón; Andreas Albrecht; Silmi Kaffah; Markus Becherer; Paolo Lugli; Almudena Rivadeneyra. 2018. "Wireless Chipless System for Humidity Sensing." Sensors 18, no. 7: 2275.