Driver fatigue and stress significantly contribute to higher number of car accidents worldwide. Although, different detection approaches have been already commercialized and used by car producers (and third party companies), research activities in this field are still needed in order to increase the reliability of these alert systems. Also, in the context of automated driving, the driver mental state assessment will be an important part of cars in future. This paper presents state-of-the-art review of different approaches for driver fatigue and stress detection and evaluation. We describe in details various signals (biological, car and video) and derived features used for these tasks and we discuss their relevance and advantages. In order to make this review complete, we also describe different datasets, acquisition systems and experiment scenarios.

Background: Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study aimed to investigate whether daily changes in employee motiva-tion depend on whether employees receive appreciation from various sources at work, using a 7-day diary design. Beyond general knowledge about the effects of appreciation as an important source of motivation, there is still a lack of knowledge about the intrapersonal effect of appreciation on different types of regulation/motivation in terms of self-determination the-ory over time.Participants and procedure: The sample consisted of 104 employees in full-time employment. More than half were women (72%) and the mean age was 43.25 years (SD = 10.53). They completed trait-level measures and then daily records, in which they reported their motiva-tion and whether they received appreciation. Sources of appreciation were leaders, followers, and clients.Results: Multilevel random coefficient modeling showed that employees reported higher levels of motivation on days when they received appreciation from different sources, independent of gender, trait-level motivation, and the Big Five. Furthermore, introjected regulation moderated the positive association between daily motivation and daily appreciation by the client, and appreciation did not have a lagged effect for subsequent days.Conclusions: The current study has both practical and theoretical implications. The results show that employee motivation can be sup-ported through simple but effective steps through appreciation regardless of the source, although appreciation may be more important for employees with introjected regulation than for others.

This study examines the association between dimensions of ECR (attachment-related avoidance and anxiety) and the Rorschach Oral Dependency scale ( Bornstein & Masling, 2005 ) on a sample of Czech adults. It points out the association between ECR and relevant Rorschach CS variables ( Exner, 2003 ). Our research sample consists of 31 volunteers from the Czech Republic. The average age of the participants was 24.9 years, the age range from 19 to 47 years. The results indicate that attachment anxiety measured by ECR is significantly associated with the ROD score, but elaborated correlations between the ROD score and attachment anxiety show a significant association only in the group of participants without psychiatric or psychological care in their past (n = 18; r = 0.683, p < .01). There were no significant correlations between self-reported attachment dimensions and the selected CS variables (textures, active and passive movements, food). Our findings seem to be consistent with the attachment theory – people with high level of attachment anxiety are often described as dependent. We discuss our findings with regards to the discrepancy between self-report measures and performance based tools.

The aim of this study is to explore the antecedents of studying abroad. First, we explore motivations for and barriers against studying abroad in two groups of students (who had studied abroad, and who had not studied abroad). Second, differences in attachment dimensions and styles are examined in both groups. A deductive thematic analysis supported the thematic structure identified by Krzaklewska (2008) in regard to motivations. Furthermore, five barriers were identified using inductive thematic analysis. Although the same motivational and barrier themes were found in both groups, there were some notable qualitative differences in meaning attached to them. A one-way MANOVA showed non-significant differences between the two groups of students and attachment dimensions. Finnaly, Fisher's exact test was conducted, and the post hoc comparison showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of students who had studied abroad and had a secure attachment style compared to students who had not studied abroad.