El estudio sobre el imaginario social de los actores afectados por la contaminación ambiental en ámbitos locales donde se desarrollan actividades mineras, formales e informales, es de alta relevancia para lograr la ansiada complementariedad y la armonía entre el desarrollo basado en el extractivismo y la protección del medio ambiente. El objetivo del artículo es analizar e interpretar los sentimientos, pensamientos, significados y las acciones de los actores en torno a la contaminación ambiental producida por la minería informal e ilegal en la cuenca del río Suches en Cojata, Puno-Perú. El diseño metodológico es la fenomenología interpretativa, porque analiza e interpreta las subjetividades e intersubjetividades de los actores, recabadas a través de: Entrevista semiestructurada, grupo focal y observación. Como resultado, el imaginario social de los actores se expresa en una fuerte oposición y rechazo a la minería informal e ilegal, porque en los últimos 15 años habría generado efectos nocivos al medio ambiente: Contaminación de los ríos, la vegetación, la salud animal y la salud humana. Se concluye que, ante el imaginario radical de los actores locales es indispensable acciones políticas multinivel basadas en enfoques y políticas de sinceramiento en el diseño e implementación de instrumentos de gestión ambiental.

Building healthy spaces and adequate mental health in the university context is of vital importance for optimal, quality and warm academic development, both for students and teachers. The purpose of the research is to determine the state of mental health of students as a risk factor for academic failure in higher education. For the methodological procedure, the “GHQ-28 Mental Health Assessment Scale and Questionnaire” was applied and a socio-educational form was used to measure academic performance. The level of mental health of students was estimated by applying the principal component factor analysis (PCA). To determine the variance of the factor analysis, Bartlett's sphericity test was used, then the factorization process was carried out by the PCA method with a varimax rotation. They were selected for the sample by the simple random method, resulting in a total of 212 cases. The results obtained revealed that the “mental health status” variable has a significant effect on academic risk, with an estimated coefficient of -0.0878 and an associated p-value of 0.014. This indicates that as the mental health status of students decreases, an increase in the probability of repeating the academic semester is observed.

El objetivo de la investigación es identificar la demanda social de tecnología agropecuaria en el altiplano peruano como base para un proceso de comunicación horizontal: caso Centro Poblado de Santa Bárbara de Moro, en el departamento de Puno. Aplicando el método cuantitativo-no experimental, se encuestó a 80 jefes de familia para analizar la relación de 10 variables socioeconómicas con las demandas de tecnología agropecuaria. La actividad principal de los actores productivos es la crianza de ganado vacuno, cuyas demandas son predominantes con mayor incidencia en la implementación de cobertizos, sanidad animal, establos, máquinas ordeñadoras, entre otros; de igual forma, para el desarrollo de la pequeña agricultura, se evidenció la necesidad de adquisición de maquinaria agrícola y riego tecnificado. El estado civil, la actividad principal y la tenencia de ganado vacuno están altamente asociados a la demanda de tecnología al 99% (p-valor < 0.01), mientras que el nivel de escolaridad tiene una significancia del 95% (p-valor < 0.05). En conclusión, el estudio demuestra la importancia de la fase de identificación de la demanda de tecnología agropecuaria a partir de la comunicación horizontal, que contribuye al fortalecimiento de las actividades agroalimentarias.

This quasi-experimental study evaluated the impact of access to drinking water and sanitation on the reduction of acute diarrheal diseases (ADD) in rural communities of Puno, Peru, using a longitudinal design with the Differences in Differences (DID) technique and Probit models to estimate the impact coefficients. The sample included 100% of the population that used water services (n=179 households) and non-users (n=170 households) of water services in the district of Ilave. The results showed that households with access to drinking water had a significantly lower prevalence of EDA (43.0%) compared to those without access (60.5%), with an estimated difference of -17.5 percentage points (p<0.01). Analysis using Probit models revealed that access to drinking water reduced the probability of EDA by 17.9%, an effect that was statistically significant (β=-0.175; p<0.01). These findings confirm that access to drinking water and sanitation constitutes a key protective factor against EDA in rural contexts, highlighting the importance of implementing comprehensive interventions that combine water infrastructure with the promotion of hygienic practices. The study provides robust evidence to guide public policies on environmental health, particularly in regions with limited access to basic services, and underscores the need to prioritize these interventions as an effective strategy to reduce the burden of preventable diseases in vulnerable populations, thus contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.

This study examines female microenterprise entrepreneurship in the city of Juliaca, Peru, as a response to structural conditions of poverty, informality, and limited inclusion in public policies. The research aims to understand and interpret the dynamics of women-led entrepreneurship and its relationship with sustainable local socioeconomic development. A qualitative methodological approach based on an interpretive phenomenological design was adopted. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis with sixteen microentrepreneurs selected through purposive and snowball sampling. The findings reveal that intrinsic motivations (resilience, leadership, and self-fulfillment) and extrinsic motivations (economic independence, access to financing, and education) are key factors in the entrepreneurial process. In addition, entrepreneurial social capital, expressed through family, community, and institutional networks, plays a strategic role in the sustainability of businesses. The results also show that women entrepreneurs actively and significantly contribute to sustainable local socioeconomic development by strengthening local development ecosystems, generating employment, and promoting socially, fiscally, and ethically responsible practices. Despite their role as agents of change and transformation, women entrepreneurs continue to face structural barriers, highlighting the need for public policies with territorial and gender-sensitive approaches to strengthen their impact and sustainability.