This study examines the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and the BMI in Türkiye. In this cross-sectional study, which 6332 adults were included, fruit and vegetable consumption, and preferences were collected. The quantities of vegetables and fruits were classified based on the WHO and the national recommendations. Of the adults (33.39 ± 12.59 years), 52.9% of men and 39.7% of women had an above-normal BMI. Based on WHO recommendations, overweight and obese people consumed less vegetables and fruits compared to their counterparts (ORs for women, overweight: 1.2, obese: 1.3; ORs for men, overweight: 1.3, obese: 1.5; 95% CI). The regression analysis revealed that the quantities of vegetable and fruit intake were higher in young individuals, men, and married people. Although the majority consume more than 400 g/day of vegetables and fruits, the intake is inadequate in people with obesity.

İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayın Projesi

Günümüzde sağlık hizmetlerinde kalite, etkililik ve hasta güvenliği gibi kavramların giderek daha fazla önem kazanması, sağlık mesleklerinde mesleki yeterlilik ve yetkinlik düzeylerinin izlenmesini zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Küreselleşmenin, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişimin ve sağlık hizmetlerinde değişen ihtiyaçların etkisiyle, sağlık profesyonellerinden yalnızca mesleki bilgi sahibi olmaları değil, aynı zamanda bu bilgiyi etkili bir biçimde kullanabilmeleri, etik ilkelere uygun hareket edebilmeleri, kendilerini sürekli geliştirebilmeleri ve dijitalleşmeye uyum sağlayabilmeleri beklenmektedir. Bu bağlamda, diyetisyenlik mesleği de disipliner yapısını güçlendiren, bilim temelli uygulamaları önceleyen ve mesleki standartlarını geliştiren bir profesyonelleşme süreci içerisindedir. Tedavi ve rehabilite edici diyetetik hizmetlerden, koruyucu toplum beslenmesi, beslenme bilimi ve toplu beslenme sistemlerine uzanan geniş bir çalışma alanına sahip diyetisyenler için, sahip olunması gereken bilgi, beceri ve tutumların sistemli bir şekilde tanımlanması ve izlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, diyetisyenlikte mesleki yetkinlik izlem sisteminin oluşturulmasının gerekliliği ele alınmakta, Türkiye’deki güncel durum değerlendirilmekte ve uygulanabilir bir sistemin temel yapı taşları tartışılmaktadır.

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the nutrient calculation accuracy, reproducibility, and expert-rated clinical appropriateness and safety indicators of three-day diet plans generated for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), recently proposed to be termed polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS). Methods: Anonymized data from six women with heterogeneous PMOS profiles, purposively selected from a single clinic, were converted into standardized Turkish prompts and submitted to ChatGPT-4, Claude Sonnet 4.6, Gemini 2.5 Flash, and Mistral 2.0 through free web interfaces. Three independent generations per case–model combination yielded 216 daily menus. LLM-reported nutrient values were compared with BeBiS 9.0 calculations. Reproducibility was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Two experts independently evaluated the first generated plan for each case–model combination using a study-specific clinical appropriateness rubric and red-flag checklist. Results: No model achieved consistently low error across nutrients. Claude Sonnet 4.6 showed the lowest percentage errors for energy, carbohydrate, and fiber; ChatGPT-4 for protein; and Mistral 2.0 for fat. Gemini 2.5 Flash showed the largest percentage errors across all nutrients and a mean energy bias of +531.1 kcal. ChatGPT-4 showed comparatively higher plan-level reproducibility, while the remaining models generally showed poor reproducibility. Claude Sonnet 4.6 had the highest descriptive clinical appropriateness scores and Gemini 2.5 Flash the lowest, but no pairwise differences remained significant after Holm correction. Gemini 2.5 Flash generated the most confirmed study-specific red flags (n = 28), with all six cases meeting the criterion for the “masked low-energy” indicator. Conclusions: LLM-generated diet plans showed model-dependent calculation errors and limited reproducibility, and the present findings do not support their independent or unsupervised use as individualized clinical nutrition recommendations.

Aim: Measurements of locomotion performance (through quantitative gait analysis) and of body composition offer detailed information on locomotor and biomechanical functions, respectively. The correlation between gait features and body composition among physiotherapy students has yet been extensively investigated using multivariate analyses. We thus evaluated the relationships between body composition components and the parameters of the walk in physiotherapy students, through an unsupervised exploratory approach.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 48 physiotherapy students (35 women and 13 men, aged mean (SD): 21.3 (1.8) years). Measurements of body composition were done using bioelectrical impedance and consisted in body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, muscle percentage, total body water percentage, and resting energy expenditure. Measurements of gait were performed with the OptoGait system, comprising cadence, contact time, and propulsive phase. Data was analysed using Pearson’s correlation and with both hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) in order to find out multimodal relationships between gait and body composition variables.Results: The results of Hierarchical cluster analyses yielded two broad functional domains built on gait and body composition variables. A first domain encompassing the number of steps, proportion of propulsion, and % of muscle, and total % of water was conceptualized as a performance-based group. A second domain with % body fat, BMI and contact time was thought to represent a mass-based group linked with less desirable gait features. % total body water was seen to be a bridging element between locomotory performance and body mass variables.A positive association was seen between % muscle mass and the number of steps (r=0.62, p<0.001) while % body fat was negatively associated with this latter variable (r= -0.54, p<0.001). In principal components analyses, the first two components accounted for 73.6 % of the total variance.Conclusion: Body composition metrics were strongly related to gait patterns in apparently healthy physiotherapy students, with a greater proportion of muscle mass and total body water related to a higher frequency and a more propulsive phase of gait, whilst increased body fat proportion and BMI were correlated with a prolonged contact time and a lower frequency of gait. Further exploratory multivariate analyses would seem appropriate to expand on the biomechanical relationships of young adults.

Background/Objectives: Although nutritional status is central to healthy aging, little is known about how it relates to nutrition literacy in community-dwelling older adults. We examined this association and whether it persisted after sequential adjustment for sociodemographic, health-related, and anthropometric characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 306 community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years in Istanbul, Türkiye. Nutritional status and nutrition literacy were assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form (MNA-SF) and the Evaluation Instrument of Nutrition Literacy on Adults, respectively. Sociodemographic, perceived health- and nutrition-related, and anthropometric data were collected. Group comparisons, Pearson correlations, and a three-block hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed. Results: Overall, 4.2% of participants were malnourished and 38.9% were at risk of malnutrition; 8.5% had inadequate and 66.7% had adequate nutrition literacy. Nutrition literacy was weakly and positively correlated with waist-to-hip ratio, mid-upper arm circumference, and calf circumference. Nutrition literacy was positively associated with MNA-SF scores across all hierarchical models, and the final model explained 28.8% of the variance. Sex, employment status, perceived diet quality, calf circumference, and waist circumference were also associated with MNA-SF scores in the final model. However, after additional adjustment for age group and marital status, the association between nutrition literacy and MNA-SF scores was no longer statistically significant. Conclusions: Nutrition literacy was modestly and positively associated with nutritional status after sequential adjustment, but not after additional adjustment for age group and marital status. Given the cross-sectional design, the direction of this association cannot be established, and no inferences regarding interventions can be drawn. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify its temporal nature and underlying mechanisms.