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Highly pure cellulosic polymers obtained from waste lignocellulose offer great potential for designing novel materials in the concept of biorefinery. In this work, alpha-cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose were isolated from the date palm trunk mesh (DPTM) through a series of physicochemical treatments. Supercritical carbon dioxide treatment was used to remove soluble extractives, and concentrated alkali pretreatment was used to eliminate the lignin portion selectively to obtain alpha-cellulose in approximately 94% yield. Further treatments of this cellulose yielded nanocrystalline cellulose. The structure–property relationship studies were carried out by characterizing the obtained polymers by various standard methods and analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Almost 65% yield of pure cellulose was achieved, out of which 94% is the alpha-cellulose. This cellulose shows good thermal stability and crystallinity. The microscopic analysis of the nanocellulose showed a heterogeneous mix of irregular-shaped particles with a size range of 20–60 nm. The percentage crystallinity of alpha-cellulose and nanocellulose was found to be 68.9 and 71.8, respectively. Thus, this study shows that, this DPTM-based low-cost waste biomass can be a potential source to obtain cellulose and nano-cellulose.
Hamid Shaikh; Arfat Anis; Anesh Poulose; Saeed Al-Zahrani; Niyaz Madhar; Abdullah Alhamidi; Mohammad Alam. Isolation and Characterization of Alpha and Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Trunk Mesh. Polymers 2021, 13, 1893 .
AMA StyleHamid Shaikh, Arfat Anis, Anesh Poulose, Saeed Al-Zahrani, Niyaz Madhar, Abdullah Alhamidi, Mohammad Alam. Isolation and Characterization of Alpha and Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Trunk Mesh. Polymers. 2021; 13 (11):1893.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamid Shaikh; Arfat Anis; Anesh Poulose; Saeed Al-Zahrani; Niyaz Madhar; Abdullah Alhamidi; Mohammad Alam. 2021. "Isolation and Characterization of Alpha and Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Trunk Mesh." Polymers 13, no. 11: 1893.
A tremendous potential has been observed in the designing of long afterglow materials for sensing, bioimaging, and encryption applications. In this study, two different strontium aluminate-based luminescent materials; SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy (S1), and Sr4Al14O25: Eu, Dy (S2) were melt-mixed with polypropylene (PP) matrix, and the phosphorescence properties were evaluated. After excitation at 320 nm, the PP/S1 composite exhibited a green emission and the PP/S2 generated a blue emission at 520 nm and 495 nm, respectively. The emission spectra intensity increased by increasing the content of these luminescent fillers. The attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) experiments show that no chemical reaction occurred during the melt-mixing process. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results revealed that the total crystallinity of the composites reduced by increasing the amount of the fillers; however, no changes in the temperature of melting (Tm) and crystallization (Tc) of PP were observed. Both fillers improved the impact strength of the composites, but the tensile strength (TS) and modulus (TM) decreased. Poly (ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (P) plasticizer was used to improve the filler-matrix interaction and its dispersion; nevertheless, it adversely affected the intensity of the luminescence emissions.
Anesh Poulose; Arfat Anis; Hamid Shaikh; Abdullah Alhamidi; Nadavala Siva Kumar; Ahmed Elnour; Saeed Al-Zahrani. Strontium Aluminate-Based Long Afterglow PP Composites: Phosphorescence, Thermal, and Mechanical Characteristics. Polymers 2021, 13, 1373 .
AMA StyleAnesh Poulose, Arfat Anis, Hamid Shaikh, Abdullah Alhamidi, Nadavala Siva Kumar, Ahmed Elnour, Saeed Al-Zahrani. Strontium Aluminate-Based Long Afterglow PP Composites: Phosphorescence, Thermal, and Mechanical Characteristics. Polymers. 2021; 13 (9):1373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnesh Poulose; Arfat Anis; Hamid Shaikh; Abdullah Alhamidi; Nadavala Siva Kumar; Ahmed Elnour; Saeed Al-Zahrani. 2021. "Strontium Aluminate-Based Long Afterglow PP Composites: Phosphorescence, Thermal, and Mechanical Characteristics." Polymers 13, no. 9: 1373.
The crystallization behavior of polyolefins continues to gain much attention for the prediction of suitable processing conditions. This study aims to understand the influence of biochar (BC) particles on the crystallization behavior of the selected semi-crystalline polypropylene (PP). For this purpose, BC samples were prepared from waste biomass at various pyrolysis temperature. The prepared BC samples were used to fabricate PP composites via melt processing technique. The crystallization behavior of these composites was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) calorimetry and validated using Avrami analysis in a non-isothermal conditions. It was observed that BC particles act as nucleating agents and accelerate the overall rate of crystallization. Avrami theory analysis indicated that the addition of BC particles provides polypropylene (PP) composites with a higher crystallization rate, i.e. about one order of magnitude higher than the neat PP. The results of the TGA analysis showed that the BC particles enhanced the thermal stability of the BC/PP composites, and is up to 80 °C higher than the neat PP sample.
Abdulaziz A. Alghyamah; Ahmed Yagoub Elnour; Hamid Shaikh; Sajjad Haider; Anesh Manjaly Poulose; S.M. Al-Zahrani; Waheed A. Almasry; Soo Young Park. Biochar/polypropylene composites: A study on the effect of pyrolysis temperature on crystallization kinetics, crystalline structure, and thermal stability. Journal of King Saud University - Science 2021, 33, 101409 .
AMA StyleAbdulaziz A. Alghyamah, Ahmed Yagoub Elnour, Hamid Shaikh, Sajjad Haider, Anesh Manjaly Poulose, S.M. Al-Zahrani, Waheed A. Almasry, Soo Young Park. Biochar/polypropylene composites: A study on the effect of pyrolysis temperature on crystallization kinetics, crystalline structure, and thermal stability. Journal of King Saud University - Science. 2021; 33 (4):101409.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdulaziz A. Alghyamah; Ahmed Yagoub Elnour; Hamid Shaikh; Sajjad Haider; Anesh Manjaly Poulose; S.M. Al-Zahrani; Waheed A. Almasry; Soo Young Park. 2021. "Biochar/polypropylene composites: A study on the effect of pyrolysis temperature on crystallization kinetics, crystalline structure, and thermal stability." Journal of King Saud University - Science 33, no. 4: 101409.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste was converted into carbon and the feasibility of utilizing it as a reinforcing filler material in a polypropylene (PP) matrix was investigated. The carbon produced by the pyrolysis of waste PET at 900°C in nitrogen atmosphere contains high carbon content (>70 wt%). PP/carbon composites were produced by melt blending process at varying loading concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy images at the fractured surface revealed that the carbon filler has better compatibility with the PP matrix. The mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties and surface morphology of the prepared composites were studied. The thermogravimetric analysis studies showed that the thermal stability of the PP/carbon composites was enhanced from 300 to 370°C with 20 wt% of carbon. At lower angular frequency (0.01 rad/s), the storage modulus (G′) of PP was 0.27 Pa and those of PP with 10 and 20 wt% carbon was 4.06 and 7.25 Pa, respectively. Among the PP/carbon composite prepared, PP with 5 wt% carbon showed the highest tensile strength of 38 MPa, greater than that of neat PP (35 MPa). The tensile modulus was enhanced from 0.9 to 1.2 GPa when the carbon content was increased from 0 to 20 wt%.
Anesh Manjaly Poulose; Ahmed Yagoub Elnour; Nadavala Siva Kumar; Abdullah Alhamidi; Justin George; Ebrahim H. Al‐Ghurabi; Mourad Boumaza; Saeed Al‐Zahrani. Utilization of polyethylene terephthalate waste as a carbon filler in polypropylene matrix: Investigation of mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties. Journal of Polymer Science 2020, 138, 1 .
AMA StyleAnesh Manjaly Poulose, Ahmed Yagoub Elnour, Nadavala Siva Kumar, Abdullah Alhamidi, Justin George, Ebrahim H. Al‐Ghurabi, Mourad Boumaza, Saeed Al‐Zahrani. Utilization of polyethylene terephthalate waste as a carbon filler in polypropylene matrix: Investigation of mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties. Journal of Polymer Science. 2020; 138 (17):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnesh Manjaly Poulose; Ahmed Yagoub Elnour; Nadavala Siva Kumar; Abdullah Alhamidi; Justin George; Ebrahim H. Al‐Ghurabi; Mourad Boumaza; Saeed Al‐Zahrani. 2020. "Utilization of polyethylene terephthalate waste as a carbon filler in polypropylene matrix: Investigation of mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties." Journal of Polymer Science 138, no. 17: 1.
Epoxy coating formulations containing 1%, 3%, and 5% SiO2 nanoparticles were produced and applied on a mild steel substrate to achieve the objective of high performance corrosion resistance. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was employed to measure the anticorrosive properties of coatings. The corrosion tests were performed by exposing the coated samples in a solution of 3.5% NaCl for different periods of time, varied from 1 h and up to 30 days. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed the presence of nanoparticles in the final cured samples. Establishing the incorporation of the nanoparticles in the coating formulations was confirmed by employing both of XRD and FT-IR techniques. The FT-IR spectra have proved to be satisfactory indicating that there was a complete reaction between the epoxy resin with the hardener. EIS measurements confirmed that the presence and the increase of SiO2 nanoparticles greatly improved the corrosion resistance of the epoxy coating. The highest corrosion resistance for the coatings was obtained for the formulation with 5% SiO2 nanoparticles content, particularly with prolonging the immersion time to 30 days.
Mohammad Asif Alam; Ubair Abdus Samad; El-Sayed M. Sherif; Anesh Manjaly Poulose; Jabair Ali Mohammed; Nabeel Alharthi; Saeed M. Al-Zahrani. Influence of SiO2 Content and Exposure Periods on the Anticorrosion Behavior of Epoxy Nanocomposite Coatings. Coatings 2020, 10, 118 .
AMA StyleMohammad Asif Alam, Ubair Abdus Samad, El-Sayed M. Sherif, Anesh Manjaly Poulose, Jabair Ali Mohammed, Nabeel Alharthi, Saeed M. Al-Zahrani. Influence of SiO2 Content and Exposure Periods on the Anticorrosion Behavior of Epoxy Nanocomposite Coatings. Coatings. 2020; 10 (2):118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Asif Alam; Ubair Abdus Samad; El-Sayed M. Sherif; Anesh Manjaly Poulose; Jabair Ali Mohammed; Nabeel Alharthi; Saeed M. Al-Zahrani. 2020. "Influence of SiO2 Content and Exposure Periods on the Anticorrosion Behavior of Epoxy Nanocomposite Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 2: 118.
We investigated the variation of nano-mechanical properties of Poly (propylene) (PP)/Carbon Black (CB) composite using nano-indentation and evaluated rheological threshold of the composites. PP/CB composites were prepared by melt-mixing process with varying CB content (0–20 wt %) using a micro-compounder. The rheological threshold of the composites was calculated using well known rheometer technique by power law relation. We also employed nano-indentation technique as an additional novel tool for evaluating rheological threshold in PP/CB composites. Rheological and nano-indentation measurements were correlated to assess the rheological threshold in PP/CB composites. The modulus of elasticity of PP/CB composites was increased from 0.8 GPa to 1.4 GPa with 20 wt % CB loading. There was a minor enhancement in the tensile strength of PP/CB composites with increase in CB content and the elongation at yield was decreased due to the brittleness imparted by CB. The thermal stability of PP/CB system also improved with CB content as the decomposition temperature was shifted from 450 °C to 500 °C.
Anesh Manjaly Poulose; Ahmed Elnour; Ubair Abdus Samad; Mohammad Asif Alam; Justin George; Ajit K. Sarmah; Saeed M. Al-Zahrani. Nano-indentation as a tool for evaluating the rheological threshold in polymer composites. Polymer Testing 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleAnesh Manjaly Poulose, Ahmed Elnour, Ubair Abdus Samad, Mohammad Asif Alam, Justin George, Ajit K. Sarmah, Saeed M. Al-Zahrani. Nano-indentation as a tool for evaluating the rheological threshold in polymer composites. Polymer Testing. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnesh Manjaly Poulose; Ahmed Elnour; Ubair Abdus Samad; Mohammad Asif Alam; Justin George; Ajit K. Sarmah; Saeed M. Al-Zahrani. 2019. "Nano-indentation as a tool for evaluating the rheological threshold in polymer composites." Polymer Testing , no. : 1.
The present work discusses the adsorptive removal of a phenolic pollutant, i.e., 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), using low cost untreated agricultural waste pine cone powder (PCP). The present biosorbent was thoroughly characterized with the help of FTIR, SEM, XRD, and CHN analysis. The presence of amine (-NH2), hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups was detected by the FTIR analysis. The important biosorption factors like agitation time, biomass dosage, initial adsorbate concentration, and the initial pH were examined by batch studies. The biosorption kinetic process was fast, reaching equilibrium in 75 min. The experimental kinetic data revealed an excellent agreement with the pseudo second order (PSO) model. On the other hand, the Langmuir isotherm model best described the equilibrium data with the maximum biosorption capacity (qmax) of 243.90 mg/g. These values are better than the adsorption capacities of most agro-based untreated adsorbents previously reported in the literature. Owing to fast removal rates and high biosorption capacity, PCP can be used for cost-effective treatment of TCP from aqueous streams.
Nadavala Siva Kumar; Mohammad Asif; Anesh Manjaly Poulose; Madala Suguna; Mansour I. Al-Hazza. Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Biosorptive Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Untreated Agro-Waste Pine Cone Biomass. Processes 2019, 7, 757 .
AMA StyleNadavala Siva Kumar, Mohammad Asif, Anesh Manjaly Poulose, Madala Suguna, Mansour I. Al-Hazza. Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Biosorptive Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Untreated Agro-Waste Pine Cone Biomass. Processes. 2019; 7 (10):757.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNadavala Siva Kumar; Mohammad Asif; Anesh Manjaly Poulose; Madala Suguna; Mansour I. Al-Hazza. 2019. "Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Biosorptive Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Untreated Agro-Waste Pine Cone Biomass." Processes 7, no. 10: 757.
Environmental management through effective utilization of biowastes has been a topic of intensive research in recent years. This study examines the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the physical and morphological characteristic of biochar (BC) derived from lignocellulosic wastes. The biochar was prepared by pyrolysing date palm biomass at various temperatures, i.e., 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 °C. These pyrolysed biochars were then characterized for their carbon content, mineral compositions, chemical functionalities, and morphological structures, for understanding their physicochemical characteristics and microstructural evolution. It was revealed that the pyrolytic condition plays a key role in the formation of biochar microstructure. These biochar samples were then utilized without any further treatments/purifications for their practical application as reinforcement materials for polymer composites. They were blended with a polypropylene matrix by a melt mixing technique followed by injection molding process. The type of biochar was found to significantly affect the composites properties. Differences in microstructure, surface chemistry, and chemical compositions of BCs were observed to be determining factors affecting the compatibility and thermomechanical properties of resulted composites.
Ahmed Y. Elnour; Abdulaziz A. Alghyamah; Hamid M. Shaikh; Anesh M. Poulose; Saeed M. Al-Zahrani; Arfat Anis; Mohammad I. Al-Wabel. Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Biochar Microstructural Evolution, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Its Influence on Biochar/Polypropylene Composites. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1149 .
AMA StyleAhmed Y. Elnour, Abdulaziz A. Alghyamah, Hamid M. Shaikh, Anesh M. Poulose, Saeed M. Al-Zahrani, Arfat Anis, Mohammad I. Al-Wabel. Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Biochar Microstructural Evolution, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Its Influence on Biochar/Polypropylene Composites. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (6):1149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed Y. Elnour; Abdulaziz A. Alghyamah; Hamid M. Shaikh; Anesh M. Poulose; Saeed M. Al-Zahrani; Arfat Anis; Mohammad I. Al-Wabel. 2019. "Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Biochar Microstructural Evolution, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Its Influence on Biochar/Polypropylene Composites." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6: 1149.
The application of biochar (BC) as a filler in polymers can be viewed as a sustainable approach that incorporates pyrolysed waste based value-added material and simultaneously mitigate bio-waste in a smart way. The overarching aim of this work was to investigate the electrical, mechanical, thermal and rheological properties of biocomposite developed by utilizing date palm waste-derived BC for the reinforcing of polypropylene (PP) matrix. Date palm waste derived BC prepared at (700 and 900 °C) were blended at different proportions with polypropylene and the resultant composites (BC/PP) were characterized using an array of techniques (scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy). Additionally the thermal, mechanical, electrical and rheological properties of the BC/PP composites were evaluated at different loading of BC content (from 0 to15% w/w). The mechanical properties of BC/PP composites showed an improvement in the tensile modulus while that of electrical characterization revealed an enhanced electrical conductivity with increased BC loading. Although the BC incorporation into the PP matrix has significantly reduced the total crystallinity of the resulted composites, however; a positive effect on the crystallization temperature (Tc) was observed. The rheological characterization of BC/PP composites revealed that the addition of BC had minimal effect on the storage modulus (G′) compared to the neat (PP).
Anesh Manjaly Poulose; Ahmed Elnour; Arfat Anis; Hamid Shaikh; S.M. Al-Zahrani; Justin George; Mohammad I. Al-Wabel; Adel Usman; Yong Sik Ok; Dan Tsang; Ajit K. Sarmah. Date palm biochar-polymer composites: An investigation of electrical, mechanical, thermal and rheological characteristics. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 619-620, 311 -318.
AMA StyleAnesh Manjaly Poulose, Ahmed Elnour, Arfat Anis, Hamid Shaikh, S.M. Al-Zahrani, Justin George, Mohammad I. Al-Wabel, Adel Usman, Yong Sik Ok, Dan Tsang, Ajit K. Sarmah. Date palm biochar-polymer composites: An investigation of electrical, mechanical, thermal and rheological characteristics. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 619-620 ():311-318.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnesh Manjaly Poulose; Ahmed Elnour; Arfat Anis; Hamid Shaikh; S.M. Al-Zahrani; Justin George; Mohammad I. Al-Wabel; Adel Usman; Yong Sik Ok; Dan Tsang; Ajit K. Sarmah. 2017. "Date palm biochar-polymer composites: An investigation of electrical, mechanical, thermal and rheological characteristics." Science of The Total Environment 619-620, no. : 311-318.
Poly(propylene) (PP)/carbon black (CB) composites are melt-blended in a Brabender mixer with varying CB content. With the special-grade conductive CB, the surface resistivity of PP/CB composite was reduced by 13 orders of magnitudes by increasing the CB content from 0 to 15 wt%. The plasticizer poly(ethylene glycol) di-methyl ether (PEGDME) is used (0–5 wt%) to improve the dispersion of the CB in the polymer matrix and to reduce the surface resistivity of the composites. But the PEGDME plasticizer used here has no positive effect on the surface resistivity of the composites; in fact, it enhances the surface resistivity value by one order of magnitude at higher concentration (5 wt%). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures indicate that the presence of foreign material (plasticizer) especially at higher concentration disrupts the continuous carbon network inversely affecting the conductivity values. Finally, the optimization of the input variables (CB and PEGDME loading) is done using the design of experiment approach. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2472–2479, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Anesh Manjaly Poulose; Arfat Anis; Hamid Shaikh; Justin George; Saeed M. Al-Zahrani. Effect of plasticizer on the electrical, thermal, and morphological properties of carbon black filled poly(propylene). Polymer Composites 2015, 38, 2472 -2479.
AMA StyleAnesh Manjaly Poulose, Arfat Anis, Hamid Shaikh, Justin George, Saeed M. Al-Zahrani. Effect of plasticizer on the electrical, thermal, and morphological properties of carbon black filled poly(propylene). Polymer Composites. 2015; 38 (11):2472-2479.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnesh Manjaly Poulose; Arfat Anis; Hamid Shaikh; Justin George; Saeed M. Al-Zahrani. 2015. "Effect of plasticizer on the electrical, thermal, and morphological properties of carbon black filled poly(propylene)." Polymer Composites 38, no. 11: 2472-2479.