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Na Lu
Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan

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Journal article
Published: 12 June 2021 in Plants
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Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.), as a medicinal plant, has a high phenolic content in its leaves and flowers. It is often used in salads as a dietary vegetable. Attracting strong demand, it could be a good candidate crop for a plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) that can achieve the mass production of high-quality crops with high productivity by regulating environmental conditions such as light. In this study, two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of continuous lighting (CL) and different daily light integrals (DLIs) under CL on the growth, secondary metabolites, and light use efficiency (LUE) of nasturtium, all of which are essential in the successful cultivation in PFALs. In Experiment 1, two lighting models, the same DLI of 17.3 mol m−2 d−1 but different light periods (24 and 16 h) with different light intensities (200 and 300 µmol m−2 s−1, respectively), were applied to nasturtium. The results showed that leaf production, secondary metabolites, and LUE were higher under the 24-h CL treatment than under the 16-h non-CL treatment. In Experiment 2, three DLI levels (17.3, 25.9, and 34.6 mol m−2 d−1) under the CL condition were applied. The results showed that the growth parameters were positively correlated with the DLI levels under CL. The lowest DLI had the highest LUE. We conclude that the mass production of nasturtium under CL in PFALs is feasible, and the yield increases as DLI increases from 17.3 to 34.6 mol m−2 d−1 under CL without causing physiological stress on plants.

ACS Style

Wenshuo Xu; Na Lu; Masao Kikuchi; Michiko Takagaki. Continuous Lighting and High Daily Light Integral Enhance Yield and Quality of Mass-Produced Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) in Plant Factories. Plants 2021, 10, 1203 .

AMA Style

Wenshuo Xu, Na Lu, Masao Kikuchi, Michiko Takagaki. Continuous Lighting and High Daily Light Integral Enhance Yield and Quality of Mass-Produced Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) in Plant Factories. Plants. 2021; 10 (6):1203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenshuo Xu; Na Lu; Masao Kikuchi; Michiko Takagaki. 2021. "Continuous Lighting and High Daily Light Integral Enhance Yield and Quality of Mass-Produced Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) in Plant Factories." Plants 10, no. 6: 1203.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2021 in Agronomy
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Nasturtium is a popular herbal plant, widely cultivated as culinary and medicinal plants all over the world. However, the seed propagation of nasturtium is inefficient, and in-vitro propagation is sophisticated and high-cost. In this study, the cutting propagation method was employed to produce nasturtium seedlings. We aimed to determine the optimal conditions for cutting propagation of nasturtium seedlings by investigating the effects of node position and electric conductivity (EC) of nutrient solution on the root formation of the cuttings. Cuttings from five node positions (apical bud, 2nd node, 3rd node, 4th node, and 5th node) were subjected to water and five EC (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 dS m−1) treatments with a hydroponic cultivation system in a plant factory. Results showed that all cuttings rooted successfully within two weeks. The cuttings from the apical bud position rooted earliest and produced the most roots regardless of EC level. Cuttings from other node positions produced longer roots and heavier root fresh and dry weights than those from the apical bud position. The cuttings under EC of 1.0 dS m−1 had the greatest root number, the longest root length, and the heaviest root fresh and dry weights regardless of node positions. The EC of 1.0 dS m−1 is considered the best condition for nasturtium cuttings for the range of EC tested in this study, and the cuttings from all the five node positions can be used as seedling materials.

ACS Style

Wenshuo Xu; Na Lu; Masao Kikuchi; Michiko Takagaki. Effects of Node Position and Electric Conductivity of Nutrient Solution on Adventitious Rooting of Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) Cuttings. Agronomy 2021, 11, 363 .

AMA Style

Wenshuo Xu, Na Lu, Masao Kikuchi, Michiko Takagaki. Effects of Node Position and Electric Conductivity of Nutrient Solution on Adventitious Rooting of Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) Cuttings. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):363.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenshuo Xu; Na Lu; Masao Kikuchi; Michiko Takagaki. 2021. "Effects of Node Position and Electric Conductivity of Nutrient Solution on Adventitious Rooting of Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) Cuttings." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 363.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Agriculture
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The issue of low tomato production in the tropics like Ghana has been a long-standing challenge. The advent of greenhouse technology has not significantly improved the yield of tomato compared to Japan and the Netherlands. Immediate technological interventions are needed. Through hydroponics, the low-node order pinching at a high-density planting system has been recommended in some studies. This system was intended to be established in Ghana, and it would be expected to improve the yield and fruit quality of tomato. In effect, a study was carried out in the greenhouse, at Chiba University using this system. A tropical tomato cultivar (Jaguar) was evaluated with Momotaro York at 3.8 m s2 and pinched at the fourth truss. Data collected were water and nutrient use efficiencies, plant growth rate, dry matter partitioning, and fruit yield and quality, as well as some physiological characteristics. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that Jaguar cultivar was two times more efficient in water and nutrient use than Momotaro York at first harvest. Root tissue density recorded in Jaguar was significantly lower compared to Momotaro York. The net assimilation rate (NAR) recorded was markedly higher in Jaguar than Momotaro York at last harvest. All the physiological attributes recorded in both cultivars were not significantly different. Plant dry mass (DM) recorded was similar in the two cultivars; however, the DM partitioned to fruits was 55% in Jaguar compared to 46.5% DM for Momotaro York. Fruit yield per area did not differ in the two cultivars. Fruit yields of 28.8 and 30 kg m−2 per year were recorded in Jaguar and Momotaro York, respectively. In comparison, this yield result is 1.2–1.25 times less and 14.4–15 times higher than current tomato yields recorded in Japan (greenhouse) and Ghana, respectively. Fruit quality, in terms of total soluble solids recorded in Jaguar cultivar being 5.4 %Brix, was within the 3.5–5.6 %Brix recorded in Ghana. This system could effectively enhance the yield and quality of tomato in the tropics as well as economising on the use of resources.

ACS Style

Alex Williams Ayarna; Satoru Tsukagoshi; George Oduro Nkansah; Na Lu; Kazuya Maeda. Evaluation of Tropical Tomato for Growth, Yield, Nutrient, and Water Use Efficiency in Recirculating Hydroponic System. Agriculture 2020, 10, 252 .

AMA Style

Alex Williams Ayarna, Satoru Tsukagoshi, George Oduro Nkansah, Na Lu, Kazuya Maeda. Evaluation of Tropical Tomato for Growth, Yield, Nutrient, and Water Use Efficiency in Recirculating Hydroponic System. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (7):252.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alex Williams Ayarna; Satoru Tsukagoshi; George Oduro Nkansah; Na Lu; Kazuya Maeda. 2020. "Evaluation of Tropical Tomato for Growth, Yield, Nutrient, and Water Use Efficiency in Recirculating Hydroponic System." Agriculture 10, no. 7: 252.

Opinion
Published: 21 June 2020 in Sustainability
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Population growth and increased stress caused by urbanization have led to social problems that are predicted to intensify in the future. In these conditions, the recently established ”nature therapy” has revealed that an environment rich in various plant life significantly contributes to the relief of physical and mental stress. Meanwhile, from the perspective of reduction in the energy required for transportation and the retention of plant freshness, urban horticulture, in which plant life exists harmoniously with the city, has attracted considerable attention. Interactions between humans and plants in urban horticulture are considered to contribute to the good health and wellbeing of people. Therefore, we incorporate human-centered thinking based on nature therapy into horticultural produce-centered thinking based on conventional urban horticulture. By introducing a pioneering urban horticulture plant factory as an example, we propose the possibility of sustainable urban horticulture based on nature therapy.

ACS Style

Na Lu; Chorong Song; Takanori Kuronuma; Harumi Ikei; Yoshifumi Miyazaki; Michiko Takagaki. The Possibility of Sustainable Urban Horticulture Based on Nature Therapy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5058 .

AMA Style

Na Lu, Chorong Song, Takanori Kuronuma, Harumi Ikei, Yoshifumi Miyazaki, Michiko Takagaki. The Possibility of Sustainable Urban Horticulture Based on Nature Therapy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):5058.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Na Lu; Chorong Song; Takanori Kuronuma; Harumi Ikei; Yoshifumi Miyazaki; Michiko Takagaki. 2020. "The Possibility of Sustainable Urban Horticulture Based on Nature Therapy." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5058.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2020 in Agronomy
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The demand for high-nutrient and fresh vegetables, including coriander, has been growing rapidly. A plant factory with artificial lighting enables the application or suppression of stress conditions to plants for producing high-quality vegetables. This study aimed to determine a suitable root-zone temperature (RZT) treatment for enhancing the biomass and secondary metabolite content of hydroponic coriander plants. The combination of a mid-RZT (25 °C) pre-treatment with low (15 °C or 20 °C) or high (30 °C or 35 °C) RZT for a short period (3 or 6 days) was applied to the plants before harvesting. The fresh weights of the coriander plants were reduced under RZT stress. By contrast, the content of secondary metabolites, including ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid, and the antioxidant capacity of the plants were enhanced by the combination of the lowest or highest RZT (15 °C or 35 °C) and the longer stress period (6 days). Growing coriander under an RZT of 30 °C for 6 days can produce large amounts of bioactive compounds and water, whereas growing coriander at an RZT of 15 °C for 6 days can produce high dry biomass and secondary metabolite content.

ACS Style

Duyen T. P. Nguyen; Na Lu; Natsuko Kagawa; Mizuki Kitayama; Michiko Takagaki. Short-Term Root-Zone Temperature Treatment Enhanced the Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites of Hydroponic Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Grown in a Plant Factory. Agronomy 2020, 10, 413 .

AMA Style

Duyen T. P. Nguyen, Na Lu, Natsuko Kagawa, Mizuki Kitayama, Michiko Takagaki. Short-Term Root-Zone Temperature Treatment Enhanced the Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites of Hydroponic Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Grown in a Plant Factory. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (3):413.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duyen T. P. Nguyen; Na Lu; Natsuko Kagawa; Mizuki Kitayama; Michiko Takagaki. 2020. "Short-Term Root-Zone Temperature Treatment Enhanced the Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites of Hydroponic Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Grown in a Plant Factory." Agronomy 10, no. 3: 413.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2019 in Agronomy
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With the rise of plant factories around the world, more and more crops are cultivated under artificial light. Studies on effects of lighting strategies on plant growth, such as different light intensities, photoperiods, and their combinations, have been widely conducted. However, research on application of multi-segment light strategies and associated plant growth mechanisms is still relatively lacking. In the present study, two lighting strategies, multi-segment light intensity and extended photoperiod, were compared with a constant light intensity with a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle and the same daily light integral (DLI). Both lighting strategies promoted plant growth but acted via different mechanisms. The multi-segment light intensity lighting strategy promoted plant growth by decreasing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the excited state of chlorophyll and increasing the quantum yield of PSII electron transport (PhiPSII), quantum yield of the carboxylation rate (PhiCO2), and photochemical quenching (qP), also taking advantage of the circadian rhythm. The extended photoperiod lighting strategy promoted plant growth by compensating for weak light stress and increasing light-use efficiency by increasing chlorophyll content under weak light conditions.

ACS Style

Hanping Mao; Teng Hang; Xiaodong Zhang; Na Lu. Both Multi-Segment Light Intensity and Extended Photoperiod Lighting Strategies, with the Same Daily Light Integral, Promoted Lactuca sativa L. Growth and Photosynthesis. Agronomy 2019, 9, 857 .

AMA Style

Hanping Mao, Teng Hang, Xiaodong Zhang, Na Lu. Both Multi-Segment Light Intensity and Extended Photoperiod Lighting Strategies, with the Same Daily Light Integral, Promoted Lactuca sativa L. Growth and Photosynthesis. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (12):857.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hanping Mao; Teng Hang; Xiaodong Zhang; Na Lu. 2019. "Both Multi-Segment Light Intensity and Extended Photoperiod Lighting Strategies, with the Same Daily Light Integral, Promoted Lactuca sativa L. Growth and Photosynthesis." Agronomy 9, no. 12: 857.

Articles
Published: 16 October 2019 in The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology
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ACS Style

Duyen T.P. Nguyen; Mizuki Kitayama; Na Lu; Michiko Takagaki. Improving secondary metabolite accumulation, mineral content, and growth of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) by regulating light quality in a plant factory. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 2019, 95, 356 -363.

AMA Style

Duyen T.P. Nguyen, Mizuki Kitayama, Na Lu, Michiko Takagaki. Improving secondary metabolite accumulation, mineral content, and growth of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) by regulating light quality in a plant factory. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 2019; 95 (3):356-363.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duyen T.P. Nguyen; Mizuki Kitayama; Na Lu; Michiko Takagaki. 2019. "Improving secondary metabolite accumulation, mineral content, and growth of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) by regulating light quality in a plant factory." The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 95, no. 3: 356-363.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2019 in Agronomy
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Coriander is an important aromatic plant, and contains abundant secondary metabolites that are considered to be beneficial for health. The demand for high-quality and fresh coriander in large cities has been growing rapidly. Plant factories are advanced indoor cultivation systems that can produce high-quality plants inside cities with a high productivity. This study aimed to maximize plant growth and the secondary metabolites production of coriander, by regulating photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and root-zone temperature (RZT). Three PPFDs (100, 200, and 300 µmol m−2 s−1) and three RZTs (20, 25, and 30 °C) were applied on coriander plants grown hydroponically in a plant factory. The plant biomass and water content of leaf and stem were highest under RZT of 25 °C with a PPFD of 300 µmol m−2 s−1. However, chlorogenic acid, rutin, trans-2-decenal, total phenolic concentrations and the antioxidant capacity of the coriander plant were greatest under the combination of PPFD (300 µmol m−2 s−1) and RZT (30 °C). Chlorogenic acid in leaves responded more sensitively to PPFD and RZT than rutin. Controlling PPFD and RZT is effective in optimizing the yield and quality of coriander plants. The findings are expected to be applied to commercial plant production in plant factories.

ACS Style

Duyen T. P. Nguyen; Na Lu; Natsuko Kagawa; Michiko Takagaki; Lu. Optimization of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density and Root-zone Temperature for Enhancing Secondary Metabolite Accumulation and Production of Coriander in Plant Factory. Agronomy 2019, 9, 224 .

AMA Style

Duyen T. P. Nguyen, Na Lu, Natsuko Kagawa, Michiko Takagaki, Lu. Optimization of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density and Root-zone Temperature for Enhancing Secondary Metabolite Accumulation and Production of Coriander in Plant Factory. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (5):224.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duyen T. P. Nguyen; Na Lu; Natsuko Kagawa; Michiko Takagaki; Lu. 2019. "Optimization of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density and Root-zone Temperature for Enhancing Secondary Metabolite Accumulation and Production of Coriander in Plant Factory." Agronomy 9, no. 5: 224.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2019 in Scientia Horticulturae
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To establish an effective leaf area model in a mini plant factory with artificial lighting (mini-PFAL) environment, we conducted three experiments exposing lettuce plants to different light cycles. Three treatments were set up in the first experiment: 12-h/12-h (light/dark), 6-h/6-h (light/dark), and 3-h/3-h (light/dark). We analyzed the dynamic changes in the lettuce leaf area under different light cycles in a mini-PFAL and established a leaf area model based on the accumulated product of thermal effectiveness and photosynthetically active radiation (TEP) method. Data from two subsequent experiments were used to validate the lettuce leaf area model and uncover the difference in plant growth caused by different light/dark cycle patterns from a physiological perspective. Results show that the TEP and light cycle influenced lettuce leaf area significantly. Under 12-h/12-h (light/dark) treatment, lettuce growth was better than in 6-h/6-h (light/dark) and 3-h/3-h (light/dark) conditions within the same TEP. The light cycle appeared to significantly affect the leaf area as well as morphogenesis. The shape of lettuce leaves was slenderer and the leaf angle was steeper under the longer light cycle. We believed the different illumination durations in a single light cycle altered the functional relationships between phytochromes and led to different plant shapes. At the same time, the plant shape caused different light interceptions that affected the growth and leaf areas. A relative longer light period (6-h light/6-h dark) increased leaf stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and plant growth, compared to those of a shorter light period (3-h light/3-h dark). Based on these results, this study provides useful insights on regulation strategies related to light cycles and their effects on lettuce growth.

ACS Style

Teng Hang; Na Lu; Michiko Takagaki; Hanping Mao. Leaf area model based on thermal effectiveness and photosynthetically active radiation in lettuce grown in mini-plant factories under different light cycles. Scientia Horticulturae 2019, 252, 113 -120.

AMA Style

Teng Hang, Na Lu, Michiko Takagaki, Hanping Mao. Leaf area model based on thermal effectiveness and photosynthetically active radiation in lettuce grown in mini-plant factories under different light cycles. Scientia Horticulturae. 2019; 252 ():113-120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teng Hang; Na Lu; Michiko Takagaki; Hanping Mao. 2019. "Leaf area model based on thermal effectiveness and photosynthetically active radiation in lettuce grown in mini-plant factories under different light cycles." Scientia Horticulturae 252, no. : 113-120.

Chapter
Published: 12 November 2018 in Smart Plant Factory
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This chapter outlines the existing cultivation systems, protocols, management approaches as well as issues encountered in plant factory operations. Comparisons, suggestions and potential solutions based on academic data and practical experiences are introduced. Those who are going to start a business or research in a plant factory and those who are already operating a plant factory have a general idea about the basic requirements of plants in various environmental conditions and the acceptable set points of such conditions. These experiences may not always maximize production but will reduce the risks of failure and loss in operation. More advanced technologies for the next generation of plant factories are expected on the basis of the current situation.

ACS Style

Na Lu; Shigeharu Shimamura. Protocols, Issues and Potential Improvements of Current Cultivation Systems. Smart Plant Factory 2018, 31 -49.

AMA Style

Na Lu, Shigeharu Shimamura. Protocols, Issues and Potential Improvements of Current Cultivation Systems. Smart Plant Factory. 2018; ():31-49.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Na Lu; Shigeharu Shimamura. 2018. "Protocols, Issues and Potential Improvements of Current Cultivation Systems." Smart Plant Factory , no. : 31-49.

Book chapter
Published: 09 November 2016 in LED Lighting for Urban Agriculture
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Supplemental lighting (SL) technology has played an important role increasing the productivity of greenhouse crops over the past 30 years and has been more extensively and flexibly employed since LED lights became commercially available for horticultural use. This chapter reviews the applicable regions of the world and conditions for using SL, types of SL, suitable light sources, economic considerations, and current research on each type of SL for fruiting vegetables grown in greenhouses. Important aspects of using SL are summarized.

ACS Style

Na Lu; Cary A. Mitchell. Supplemental Lighting for Greenhouse-Grown Fruiting Vegetables. LED Lighting for Urban Agriculture 2016, 219 -232.

AMA Style

Na Lu, Cary A. Mitchell. Supplemental Lighting for Greenhouse-Grown Fruiting Vegetables. LED Lighting for Urban Agriculture. 2016; ():219-232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Na Lu; Cary A. Mitchell. 2016. "Supplemental Lighting for Greenhouse-Grown Fruiting Vegetables." LED Lighting for Urban Agriculture , no. : 219-232.