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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is mainly transmitted through droplets without overlooking other sources of transmission, rendered attention on the air quality in indoor areas and more specifically in healthcare settings. The improvement of indoor air quality (IAQ) is ensured by frequent changes of the air that must be carried out in healthcare areas and with assistance from special devices that undertake the filtration of the air and its purification through special filters and lamps. In this research, the performance of air purifiers is assessed in terms of the limitation of PM2.5, PM10, VOCs and CO2 in a postgraduate clinic of the Dentistry School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in parallel with mechanical ventilation. Our findings indicate that the use of mechanical ventilation plays a key role on the results, retaining good IAQ levels within the clinic and that air purifiers show a positive impact on IAQ by mainly reducing the levels of PM2.5 and secondly of TVOC.
Ioannis Tzoutzas; Helena C. Maltezou; Nikolaos Barmparesos; Panagiotis Tasios; Chrysanthi Efthymiou; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos; Maria Tseroni; Rengina Vorou; Fotios Tzermpos; Maria Antoniadou; Vassilios Panis; Phoebus Madianos. Indoor Air Quality Evaluation Using Mechanical Ventilation and Portable Air Purifiers in an Academic Dentistry Clinic during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8886 .
AMA StyleIoannis Tzoutzas, Helena C. Maltezou, Nikolaos Barmparesos, Panagiotis Tasios, Chrysanthi Efthymiou, Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos, Maria Tseroni, Rengina Vorou, Fotios Tzermpos, Maria Antoniadou, Vassilios Panis, Phoebus Madianos. Indoor Air Quality Evaluation Using Mechanical Ventilation and Portable Air Purifiers in an Academic Dentistry Clinic during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (16):8886.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIoannis Tzoutzas; Helena C. Maltezou; Nikolaos Barmparesos; Panagiotis Tasios; Chrysanthi Efthymiou; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos; Maria Tseroni; Rengina Vorou; Fotios Tzermpos; Maria Antoniadou; Vassilios Panis; Phoebus Madianos. 2021. "Indoor Air Quality Evaluation Using Mechanical Ventilation and Portable Air Purifiers in an Academic Dentistry Clinic during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8886.
In the last twenty years, research activity around the environmental applications of metal–organic frameworks has bloomed due to their CO2 capture ability, tunable properties, porosity, and well-defined crystalline structure. Thus, hundreds of MOFs have been developed. However, the impact of their production on the environment has not been investigated as thoroughly as their potential applications. In this work, the environmental performance of various synthetic routes of MOF nanoparticles, in particular ZIF-8, is assessed through a life cycle assessment. For this purpose, five representative synthesis routes were considered, and synthesis data were obtained based on available literature. The synthesis included different solvents (de-ionized water, methanol, dimethylformamide) as well as different synthetic steps (i.e., hours of drying, stirring, precursor). The findings revealed that the main environmental weak points identified during production were: (a) the use of dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol (MeOH) as substances impacting environmental sustainability, which accounted for more than 85% of the overall environmental impacts in those synthetic routes where they were utilized as solvents and as cleaning agents at the same time; (b) the electricity consumption, especially due to the Greek energy mix which is fossil-fuel dependent, and accounted for up to 13% of the overall environmental impacts in some synthetic routes. Nonetheless, for the optimization of the impacts provided by the energy use, suggestions are made based on the use of alternative, cleaner renewable energy sources, which (for the case of wind energy) will decrease the impacts by up to 2%.
Vasileios Ntouros; Ioannis Kousis; Dimitra Papadaki; Anna Laura Pisello; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos. Life Cycle Assessment on Different Synthetic Routes of ZIF-8 Nanomaterials. Energies 2021, 14, 4998 .
AMA StyleVasileios Ntouros, Ioannis Kousis, Dimitra Papadaki, Anna Laura Pisello, Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos. Life Cycle Assessment on Different Synthetic Routes of ZIF-8 Nanomaterials. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):4998.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVasileios Ntouros; Ioannis Kousis; Dimitra Papadaki; Anna Laura Pisello; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos. 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment on Different Synthetic Routes of ZIF-8 Nanomaterials." Energies 14, no. 16: 4998.
The achievement of sustainable cities and communities is closely linked to an accurate design of the buildings. In this context, the transparent elements of the building envelope have a crucial role since, on one hand, they are a bottleneck in regards to heat and mass transfers and sound propagation, while, on the other hand, they must allow daylight penetration. Thus, they are responsible for occupants’ thermal and visual comfort and their health. Considering passive solutions for windows, the light shelves can improve natural light penetration, reducing the lights’ electricity demand and controlling windows’ related thermal aspects. The scientific literature is characterized by several studies that analyze this topic, which, however, focus only on the daylight field and sometimes the energy saving for lights. Moreover, they often refer to fixed sky type for the simulations. The aim of the present study is to analyze the application of the light shelves with a multi-disciplinary approach, by means of dynamic simulations, in the EnergyPlus engine, for a whole year. A new methodological approach is presented in order to investigate the technology under different fields of interest: daylight, lighting energy, cooling and heating needs, and thermo-hygrometric comfort. The case study chosen is an existing building, a student dormitory belonging to the University of Athens. It is subject to a deep energy renovation to conform to the “nearly Zero Energy Building” target, in the frame of a European research project called Pro-GET-onE (G.A No. 723747). By means of the calibrated numerical model of this HVAC–building system, ten different configurations of light shelves have been investigated. The best solution is given by the application of an internal horizontal light shelf placed at 50 cm from the top of the window with a depth of 90 or 60 cm. It has been found that despite the reduction in electricity demand for lighting, the variation in heating and cooling needs does not always lead to a benefit.
Silvia Ruggiero; Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos; Rosa De Masi; Filippo de Rossi; Anastasia Fotopoulou; Dimitra Papadaki; Giuseppe Vanoli; Annarita Ferrante. Multi-Disciplinary Analysis of Light Shelves Application within a Student Dormitory Refurbishment. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8251 .
AMA StyleSilvia Ruggiero, Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos, Rosa De Masi, Filippo de Rossi, Anastasia Fotopoulou, Dimitra Papadaki, Giuseppe Vanoli, Annarita Ferrante. Multi-Disciplinary Analysis of Light Shelves Application within a Student Dormitory Refurbishment. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Ruggiero; Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos; Rosa De Masi; Filippo de Rossi; Anastasia Fotopoulou; Dimitra Papadaki; Giuseppe Vanoli; Annarita Ferrante. 2021. "Multi-Disciplinary Analysis of Light Shelves Application within a Student Dormitory Refurbishment." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8251.
The 2030 climate and energy framework includes EU-wide targets and policy objectives for the period 2021–2030 of (1) at least 55% cuts in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels); (2) at least 32% share for renewable energy; and (3) at least 32.5% improvement in energy efficiency. In this context, the methodology of the cost-optimal level from the life-cycle cost approach has been applied to calculate the cost of renovating the existing building stock in Europe. The aim of this research is to analyze a pilot building using the cost-optimal methodology to determine the renovation measures that lead to the lowest life-cycle cost during the estimated economic life of the building. The case under study is an apartment building located in a mild Mediterranean climate (Castellon, SP). A package of 12 optimal solutions has been obtained to show the importance of the choice of the elements and systems for renovating building envelopes and how energy and economic aspects influence this choice. Simulations have shown that these packages of optimal solutions (different configurations for the building envelope, thermal bridges, airtightness and ventilation, and domestic hot water production systems) can provide savings in the primary energy consumption of up to 60%.
José Salmerón Lissen; Cristina Jareño Escudero; Francisco Sánchez De La Flor; Miriam Escudero; Theoni Karlessi; Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos. Optimal Renovation Strategies through Life-Cycle Analysis in a Pilot Building Located in a Mild Mediterranean Climate. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1423 .
AMA StyleJosé Salmerón Lissen, Cristina Jareño Escudero, Francisco Sánchez De La Flor, Miriam Escudero, Theoni Karlessi, Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos. Optimal Renovation Strategies through Life-Cycle Analysis in a Pilot Building Located in a Mild Mediterranean Climate. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (4):1423.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Salmerón Lissen; Cristina Jareño Escudero; Francisco Sánchez De La Flor; Miriam Escudero; Theoni Karlessi; Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos. 2021. "Optimal Renovation Strategies through Life-Cycle Analysis in a Pilot Building Located in a Mild Mediterranean Climate." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4: 1423.
Research on air quality issues in recently refurbished educational buildings is relatively limited. However, it is an important topic as students are often exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants, especially in urban environments. This study presents the results of a 25-day experimental campaign that took place in a primary school located in a densely built-up area, which retains a green roof system (GRS). All measurements refer to mass concentrations and chemical analysis of PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 micrometers), and they were implemented simultaneously on the GRS and within the classroom (C3) below during different periods of the year. The results demonstrated relatively low levels of PM10 in both experimental points, with the highest mean value of 72.02 μg m−3 observed outdoors during the cold period. Elemental carbon (EC) was also found be higher in the ambient environment (with a mean value of 2.78 μg m−3), while organic carbon (OC) was relatively balanced between the two monitoring sites. Moreover, sulfate was found to be the most abundant water soluble anion (2.57 μg m−3), mainly originating from ambient primary SO2 and penetrating into the classroom from windows. Additionally, the crustal origin of particles was shown in trace metals, where Al and Fe prevailed (9.55% and 8.68%, respectively, of the total PM10). Nevertheless, infiltration of outdoor particles within the classroom was found to affect indoor sources of metals. Finally, source apportionment using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model demonstrated six main factors of emissions, the most important of which were vehicles and biomass burning (30.30% contribution), along with resuspension of PM10 within the classroom from human activities (29.89% contribution). Seasonal variations seem to play a key role in the results.
Nikolaos Barmparesos; Dikaia Saraga; Sotirios Karavoltsos; Thomas Maggos; Vasiliki D. Assimakopoulos; Aikaterini Sakellari; Kyriaki Bairachtari; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos. Chemical Composition and Source Apportionment of PM10 in a Green-Roof Primary School Building. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8464 .
AMA StyleNikolaos Barmparesos, Dikaia Saraga, Sotirios Karavoltsos, Thomas Maggos, Vasiliki D. Assimakopoulos, Aikaterini Sakellari, Kyriaki Bairachtari, Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos. Chemical Composition and Source Apportionment of PM10 in a Green-Roof Primary School Building. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (23):8464.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolaos Barmparesos; Dikaia Saraga; Sotirios Karavoltsos; Thomas Maggos; Vasiliki D. Assimakopoulos; Aikaterini Sakellari; Kyriaki Bairachtari; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos. 2020. "Chemical Composition and Source Apportionment of PM10 in a Green-Roof Primary School Building." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23: 8464.
Measurement and verification (M&V) has become necessary for ensuring intended design performance. Currently, M&V procedures and calculation methods exist for the assessment of Energy Conservation Measures (ECM) for existing buildings, with a focus on reliable baseline model creation and savings estimation, as well as for reducing the computation time, uncertainties, and M&V costs. There is limited application of rigorous M&V procedures in the design, delivery and operation of low/zero energy dwellings and settlements. In the present paper, M&V for four pilot net-zero energy settlements has been designed and implemented. The M&V has been planned, incorporating guidance from existing protocols, linked to the project development phases, and populated with lessons learned through implementation. The resulting framework demonstrates that M&V is not strictly linked to the operational phase of a project but is rather an integral part of the project management and development. Under this scope, M&V is an integrated, iterative process that is accompanied by quality control in every step. Quality control is a significant component of the M&V, and the proposed quality control procedures can support the preparation and implementation of automated M&V. The proposed framework can be useful to project managers for integrating M&V into the project management and development process and explicitly aligning it with the rest of the design and construction procedures.
Angeliki Mavrigiannaki; Kostas Gobakis; Dionysia Kolokotsa; Kostas Kalaitzakis; Anna Pisello; Cristina Piselli; Rajat Gupta; Matt Gregg; Marina Laskari; Maria Saliari; Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos; Afroditi Synnefa. Measurement and Verification of Zero Energy Settlements: Lessons Learned from Four Pilot Cases in Europe. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9783 .
AMA StyleAngeliki Mavrigiannaki, Kostas Gobakis, Dionysia Kolokotsa, Kostas Kalaitzakis, Anna Pisello, Cristina Piselli, Rajat Gupta, Matt Gregg, Marina Laskari, Maria Saliari, Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos, Afroditi Synnefa. Measurement and Verification of Zero Energy Settlements: Lessons Learned from Four Pilot Cases in Europe. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9783.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngeliki Mavrigiannaki; Kostas Gobakis; Dionysia Kolokotsa; Kostas Kalaitzakis; Anna Pisello; Cristina Piselli; Rajat Gupta; Matt Gregg; Marina Laskari; Maria Saliari; Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos; Afroditi Synnefa. 2020. "Measurement and Verification of Zero Energy Settlements: Lessons Learned from Four Pilot Cases in Europe." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9783.
The reduction of buildings energy demand represents one of the main goals in developed countries in order to achieve a sustainable future. In Italy a significant number of public administration offices are located in historical buildings, especially in small provincial towns. In this paper the analysis of the energy and environmental effects deriving from the plant renovation of the Palazzo San Giorgio, the building offices of the municipality of Campobasso (Southern Italy), is carried out. The simulation model of the building-plant system has been implemented with the TRNSYS software using data collected in the survey campaign. It has been calibrated on the basis of the billed electricity and gas consumption and then, further used to evaluate the reduction of the building primary energy demands and CO2 emissions deriving from some non-invasive energy refurbishment measures: led lighting, thermostatic valves, cogeneration system and photovoltaic plant. The latter was considered in two variants: the first one provides a system completely integrated into the roof, the second one high efficiency non-integrated panels. The interventions have been evaluated both individually and combined. A primary energy saving of about 47% and a reduction in CO2 emissions of 73% are obtained with the best combined renovation action.
Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos; Dimitra Papadaki; Francesco Tariello; Giuseppe Vanoli. A Holistic Approach for Energy Renovation of the Town Hall Building in a Typical Small City of Southern Italy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7699 .
AMA StyleMargarita-Niki Assimakopoulos, Dimitra Papadaki, Francesco Tariello, Giuseppe Vanoli. A Holistic Approach for Energy Renovation of the Town Hall Building in a Typical Small City of Southern Italy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7699.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargarita-Niki Assimakopoulos; Dimitra Papadaki; Francesco Tariello; Giuseppe Vanoli. 2020. "A Holistic Approach for Energy Renovation of the Town Hall Building in a Typical Small City of Southern Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7699.
In the 21st century, sustainable development is high on the international agenda, with the implementation of green walls contributing significantly to achieving environmental and social benefits, mainly in the frame of sustainable improvement of the building sector. The installation of a greening system can provide engineered solutions for stormwater management and climate change mitigation at both the urban and building level. This facilitates improving indoor comfort conditions and reducing energy needs. In order to improve the features of products and to facilitate the implementation of a proper technical standard, this paper proposes a critical bibliographic analysis of more recent scientific works. Moreover, by means of a numerical model of an existing single-family apartment, placed in the Mediterranean climate zone, a building envelope refurbishment with a living wall is carried out. A parametric analysis provides evidence for the application of different plants’ types and insulation materials. The results are analyzed considering the energy needs, the thermo-hygrometric comfort, and the outdoor surface temperature variation of the building envelope, emphasizing that a multi-criteria design approach is needed for green vertical systems. The paper provides data and an approach useful for designers and researchers in the evaluation and optimization of the performance of greening systems.
Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos; Rosa Francesca De Masi; Filippo De Rossi; Dimitra Papadaki; Silvia Ruggiero. Green Wall Design Approach Towards Energy Performance and Indoor Comfort Improvement: A Case Study in Athens. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3772 .
AMA StyleMargarita-Niki Assimakopoulos, Rosa Francesca De Masi, Filippo De Rossi, Dimitra Papadaki, Silvia Ruggiero. Green Wall Design Approach Towards Energy Performance and Indoor Comfort Improvement: A Case Study in Athens. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3772.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargarita-Niki Assimakopoulos; Rosa Francesca De Masi; Filippo De Rossi; Dimitra Papadaki; Silvia Ruggiero. 2020. "Green Wall Design Approach Towards Energy Performance and Indoor Comfort Improvement: A Case Study in Athens." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3772.
This paper proposes a novel multistep approach for comparing several architectural solutions with the aim to create additional volumes on existing buildings by means of the façade transformation. The nearly zero energy standard is the objective of the designing and the criteria for the comparison take into account the minimization of economic impacts and the maximization of comfort conditions for the occupants. An innovative SWOT matrix is proposed for evaluating, with multidisciplinary approach, the results of the refurbishment design. The internal strengths and weaknesses are referred to the building occupants, while external opportunities and threats are referred to the whole society. The proposed approach is applied to the B Building FEPA of the student dormitory in the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in the frame of a research project financed by HORIZON 2020 funds. With reference to the case study, an increment of around 22% of living space is achieved with energy saving and polluting reduction of around 90%; at the same time the amenity of the outdoor environment, the seismic security, the global comfort are improved. The results of the case study allow to demonstrate how the volume add-ons technique can bring many benefits, not only on the energetic point of view, in the refurbishment of the existing building stock. The awareness of these advantages could encourage occupants, tenants and communities to participate actively in the designing process, and it could be accelerate the achievement of the nearly zero energy standard for the existing building stock. This is the future goal for the sustainable development of the building sector.
Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos; Rosa Francesca De Masi; Anastasia Fotopoulou; Dimitra Papadaki; Silvia Ruggiero; Giovanni Semprini; Giuseppe Peter Vanoli. Holistic approach for energy retrofit with volumetric add-ons toward nZEB target: Case study of a dormitory in Athens. Energy and Buildings 2019, 207, 109630 .
AMA StyleMargarita-Niki Assimakopoulos, Rosa Francesca De Masi, Anastasia Fotopoulou, Dimitra Papadaki, Silvia Ruggiero, Giovanni Semprini, Giuseppe Peter Vanoli. Holistic approach for energy retrofit with volumetric add-ons toward nZEB target: Case study of a dormitory in Athens. Energy and Buildings. 2019; 207 ():109630.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargarita-Niki Assimakopoulos; Rosa Francesca De Masi; Anastasia Fotopoulou; Dimitra Papadaki; Silvia Ruggiero; Giovanni Semprini; Giuseppe Peter Vanoli. 2019. "Holistic approach for energy retrofit with volumetric add-ons toward nZEB target: Case study of a dormitory in Athens." Energy and Buildings 207, no. : 109630.
In the following years all European Union member states should bring into force national laws on the energy performance of buildings. Moreover, university campus dormitories are buildings of great importance, due to their architectural characteristics and their social impact. In this study, the energy performance along with the indoor environmental conditions of a dormitory of a university has been analysed. The in situ measurements included temperature, relative humidity, concentrations of carbon dioxide, total volatile organic compounds, and electrical consumption; lastly, the energy signature of the whole building was investigated. The study focused on the summer months, during which significantly increased thermal needs of the building were identified. The ground floor was found to be the floor with the highest percentage of thermal conditions within the comfort range, and the third floor the lowest. Lastly, a significant correlation between electrical consumption and the outdoor temperature was presented, highlighting the lack of thermal insulation. Overall, it was clear that a redesign of the cooling and heating system, the installation of a ventilation system, and thermal insulation are essential for improving the energy efficiency of this building.
Nikolaos Barmparesos; Dimitra Papadaki; Michalis Karalis; Kyriaki Fameliari; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos. In Situ Measurements of Energy Consumption and Indoor Environmental Quality of a Pre-Retrofitted Student Dormitory in Athens. Energies 2019, 12, 2210 .
AMA StyleNikolaos Barmparesos, Dimitra Papadaki, Michalis Karalis, Kyriaki Fameliari, Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos. In Situ Measurements of Energy Consumption and Indoor Environmental Quality of a Pre-Retrofitted Student Dormitory in Athens. Energies. 2019; 12 (11):2210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolaos Barmparesos; Dimitra Papadaki; Michalis Karalis; Kyriaki Fameliari; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos. 2019. "In Situ Measurements of Energy Consumption and Indoor Environmental Quality of a Pre-Retrofitted Student Dormitory in Athens." Energies 12, no. 11: 2210.
The authors would like to correct the published article [1] concerning acknowledgments as follows
Nikolaos Barmparesos; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos; Vasiliki D. Assimakopoulos; Nikolaos Loumos; Maria Aliki Sotiriou; Athanasios Koukoumtzis. Correction: Barmparesos et al. Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Conditions in a Primary School with a Green Roof System. Atmosphere, 2018, 9, 75. Atmosphere 2018, 9, 417 .
AMA StyleNikolaos Barmparesos, Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos, Vasiliki D. Assimakopoulos, Nikolaos Loumos, Maria Aliki Sotiriou, Athanasios Koukoumtzis. Correction: Barmparesos et al. Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Conditions in a Primary School with a Green Roof System. Atmosphere, 2018, 9, 75. Atmosphere. 2018; 9 (11):417.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolaos Barmparesos; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos; Vasiliki D. Assimakopoulos; Nikolaos Loumos; Maria Aliki Sotiriou; Athanasios Koukoumtzis. 2018. "Correction: Barmparesos et al. Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Conditions in a Primary School with a Green Roof System. Atmosphere, 2018, 9, 75." Atmosphere 9, no. 11: 417.
This paper presents experimental results from a typical school building in Athens, equipped partly with a green roof system (GRS). Environmental monitoring took place in six classrooms located both under the concrete roof and the GRS sectors as well as in the immediate external environment during the warm and cold periods of a school year. Daily measurements of pollutants CO2, TVOCs (Total Volatile Organic Compound), PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were performed in selected classes. Moreover, indoor ambient temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) measurements were implemented in order to estimate the absolute humidity (AH) and assess the indoor environmental conditions. The results highlight that during summer, the GRS reduces temperature in a classroom on the top floor by about 2.8 °C, in comparison with the respective classroom under the concrete roof and that AH remained relatively stable for both classrooms. Amid winter, a reverse behavior occurs only for temperature. Moreover, air exchange rates (AER) were calculated by using the CO2 decay method for all of the classrooms. The results demonstrated insufficient ventilation for all experimental sights. Finally, concentrations of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, were found to be relatively decreased, with average values of 0.79, 3.39, and 27.80 μg m−3. Levels of CO2 and TVOCs were elevated during class hours ranging from 469 to 779 ppm and from 6.63 ppm to 13.33 ppm, respectively, but generally within the respective limits of exposure. The examination of the indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio of air pollutants, demonstrated that the outdoor meteorology affects only PM1 and PM2.5, as PM10 and TVOCs are strongly affected by internal sources and the activities of pupils.
Nikolaos Barmparesos; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos; Vasiliki D. Assimakopoulos; Nikolaos Loumos; Maria Aliki Sotiriou; Athanasios Koukoumtzis. Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Conditions in a Primary School with a Green Roof System. Atmosphere 2018, 9, 75 .
AMA StyleNikolaos Barmparesos, Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos, Vasiliki D. Assimakopoulos, Nikolaos Loumos, Maria Aliki Sotiriou, Athanasios Koukoumtzis. Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Conditions in a Primary School with a Green Roof System. Atmosphere. 2018; 9 (2):75.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolaos Barmparesos; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos; Vasiliki D. Assimakopoulos; Nikolaos Loumos; Maria Aliki Sotiriou; Athanasios Koukoumtzis. 2018. "Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Conditions in a Primary School with a Green Roof System." Atmosphere 9, no. 2: 75.
Although the indoor thermal comfort concept has received increasing research attention, the vast majority of published work has been focused on the building environment, such as offices, residential and non-residential buildings. The present study aims to investigate the thermal comfort conditions in the unique and complex underground railway environment. Field measurements of air temperature, air humidity, air velocity, globe temperature and the number of passengers were conducted in the modern underground railway of Athens, Greece. Environmental monitoring was performed in the interior of two types of trains (air-conditioned and forced air ventilation cabins) and on selected platforms during the summer period. The thermal comfort was estimated using the PMV (predicted mean vote) and the PPD (predicted percentage dissatisfied) scales. The results reveal that the recommended thermal comfort requirements, although at relatively low percentages are met only in air-conditioned cabins. It is found that only 33% of the PPD values in air-conditioned cabins can be classified in the less restrictive comfort class C, as proposed by ISO-7730. The thermal environment is "slightly warm" in air-conditioned cabins and "warm" in forced air ventilation cabins. In addition, differences of the thermal comfort conditions on the platforms are shown to be associated with the depth and the design characteristics of the stations. The average PMV at the station with small depth is 0.9 scale points higher than that of the station with great depth. The number of passengers who are waiting at the platforms during daytime reveals a U-shaped pattern for a deep level station and an inverted course of PMV for a small depth station. Further, preliminary observations are made on the distribution of air velocity on the platforms and on the impact of air velocity on the thermal comfort conditions.
George Katavoutas; Margarita N. Assimakopoulos; Dimosthenis N. Asimakopoulos. On the determination of the thermal comfort conditions of a metropolitan city underground railway. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 566-567, 877 -887.
AMA StyleGeorge Katavoutas, Margarita N. Assimakopoulos, Dimosthenis N. Asimakopoulos. On the determination of the thermal comfort conditions of a metropolitan city underground railway. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 566-567 ():877-887.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorge Katavoutas; Margarita N. Assimakopoulos; Dimosthenis N. Asimakopoulos. 2016. "On the determination of the thermal comfort conditions of a metropolitan city underground railway." Science of The Total Environment 566-567, no. : 877-887.
(1) The main objectives of this study are the spatial and temporal analysis of annual 24-hour extreme precipitation amounts for different return periods, and (2) the interannual variability of the frequency of month-to-month maximum rainfall using harmonic analysis. Long time series data from 110 well-scattered rain gauges are analysed using extreme values theory and harmonic analysis techniques. The results indicate that the Jenkinson solution is more appropriate than the linear Gumbel solution for the extreme value law. The maximum expected values of 180–200 mm are observed along the southern coasts of the Greek peninsula and in the islands close to the Turkish coast, as well as in the north–west parts of the country. The harmonic analysis showed that the highest percentage of variance for rainfall extremes explained by the first harmonic (PVR(1)) appears over the southern and south-eastern parts of Greece in association with the greatest values of the amplitude of this harmonic, therefore explaining more than 90% of the variation of the frequency of maximum annual 24-hour rainfall amounts. In contrast, for regions north of 38° N and especially mountainous regions, more harmonics (3–5) are necessary to describe the parameter under investigation.
I. Livada; G. Charalambous; M. N. Assimakopoulos. Spatial and temporal study of precipitation characteristics over Greece. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2008, 93, 45 -55.
AMA StyleI. Livada, G. Charalambous, M. N. Assimakopoulos. Spatial and temporal study of precipitation characteristics over Greece. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2008; 93 (1-2):45-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Livada; G. Charalambous; M. N. Assimakopoulos. 2008. "Spatial and temporal study of precipitation characteristics over Greece." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 93, no. 1-2: 45-55.