This brief presents the design of a 120 GHz $g_{m}$ -boosting low-noise amplifier (LNA) in 40-nm CMOS. The proposed LNA consists of a single-stage differential $g_{m}$ -boosting common-gate (CG) amplifier and a four-stage differential capacitance-neutralized common-source amplifier. A triple-coupled transformer-based $g_{m}$ -booting technique in the CG stage enhances gain and noise figure (NF) performances. Implemented in 40 nm CMOS, the proposed LNA achieves a measured power gain of 23.8 dB at 123 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 10 GHz. The lowest NF is 5.0 dB at 123 GHz and the NF is below 6.5 dB from 114 to 128 GHz. The LNA consumes 26 mW from a 1-V supply, with a core chip area of 0.25 mm $\times 0$ .70 mm.

A 40 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor carrier‐aggregated drive amplifier with high linearity is presented for sub‐GHz Internet of Things applications. The proposed drive amplifier consists ...

In this paper, we present a 6-stage 120 GHz hybrid low noise amplifier (LNA) for sub-THz radar systems. To enhance the noise figure (NF) and gain performance of the LNA, we propose a hybrid architecture that utilizes a combination of 2-stage single-ended and 4-stage differential common-source amplifiers. The first 2-stage single-ended common-source amplifier provides low-loss and low-noise characteristics, while the 4-stage differential common-source amplifier provides high gain, resulting in low noise and high gain performance. Implemented in a 40 nm CMOS process, the LNA occupies a chip area of 0.099 mm ² excluding the pads. The measurement results show that the proposed LNA achieves a low NF of 5.5 dB, a high gain of 27.5 dB, and an input 1-dB compression point of -29.5 dBm at 122.5 GHz with a power consumption of 27.4 mW.

A complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) detector array is proposed to improve the sub-terahertz imaging resolution for objects in the conveyor belt system. The image resolution is limited to the implemented configuration, such as the wide spacing in the detector array, the high conveyor belt speed, and the slow response of the signal conditioning block. The proposed array can improve the image resolution in the direction perpendicular to the movement of the belt, which is determined by the size and interval of the detector pixel, by configuring the array into two replaceable columns located at the misaligned horizontal positions. Replaceable detector unit pixels are individually attached to the motherboard after measuring and evaluating the detection performance to construct the proposed array. The intensities of 32 detector pixels placed under the conveyor belt with a width of 160 mm were initially calibrated in every image, including the beam pattern of 0.2 THz signals generated from the gyrotron. The image resolution of the perpendicular direction obtained from the proposed array was measured to be approximately 5 mm at a conveyor belt speed of 16 mm/s, demonstrating a 200% improvement in resolution compared to the conventional linear array under the same conditions.

In multi-input multi-output (MIMO) pulse radar systems, precise pulse generation is critical for achieving high measurement resolution and detection accuracy in imaging and monitoring applications. This work presents a wide-range, tunable pulse generator for the pulse radar array system. The proposed pulse generator, based on a high-efficiency delay-locked loop (DLL) and a high-precision NOR-based edge combination scheme, offers a broad pulse-tuning range and minimal pulse-width error. Specifically, the DLL generates 41 anti-phased outputs, which are processed by the NOR gate with appropriate delay time and equal loading effects. A transmission-gate-based multiplexer selects the desired pulse without introducing systematic mismatch. Operating at a 50-MHz reference frequency, the prototype circuit achieves a wide tuning range from 142 ps to 7.04 ns (4957%). The proposed circuit demonstrates an rms jitter of 6 ps while consuming 2.8–3.2 mW from a 1 V power supply, depending on the selected pulse width.