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Hammad Saleem
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000 Pakistan

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Journal article
Published: 13 March 2020 in Processes
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This research endeavors to inspect the chemical and biological profiling of methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts prepared from Abutilon figarianum Webb. Total bioactive constituents and secondary metabolites were assessed via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS). Biological effects were evaluated via antioxidant and enzymes inhibitory assays. The methanol extract was able to give the highest phenolic (51.92 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid (72.59 mg QE/g extract) contents and was found to contain 11 bioactive metabolites, including flavonoid, alkaloid, phenolic and fatty acid derivatives, as accessed by UHPLC-MS analysis. Similarly, the phytochemical profiling of the DCM extract tentatively identified the 12 different secondary metabolites, most of these were fatty acid derivatives. The methanol extract was most active in the radical scavenging, reducing power and total antioxidant power assays, while dichloromethane extract showed the highest metal chelating activity. For enzyme inhibition, the DCM extract showed the highest activity against cholinesterases, glucosidase and amylase, whereas methanol extract was most active against tyrosinase. Docking studies have supported the observed biological activity, where isobergapten showed higher activity against tyrosinase (−7.63 kcal/mol) with inhibition constant (2.55 µM), as opposed to other enzymes. The observed antioxidant and inhibitory potentials of A. figarianum against the studied enzymes tend to endorse this plant as a prospective source of bioactive phytochemicals.

ACS Style

Hammad Saleem; Muhammad Sarfraz; Hafiz Muhammad Ahsan; Umair Khurshid; Syed Asif Jahanzeb Kazmi; Gokhan Zengin; Marcello Locatelli; Irshad Ahmad; Hassan H. Abdallah; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally; Kannan Rr Rengasamy; Nafees Ahemad. Secondary Metabolites Profiling, Biological Activities and Computational Studies of Abutilon figarianum Webb (Malvaceae). Processes 2020, 8, 336 .

AMA Style

Hammad Saleem, Muhammad Sarfraz, Hafiz Muhammad Ahsan, Umair Khurshid, Syed Asif Jahanzeb Kazmi, Gokhan Zengin, Marcello Locatelli, Irshad Ahmad, Hassan H. Abdallah, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally, Kannan Rr Rengasamy, Nafees Ahemad. Secondary Metabolites Profiling, Biological Activities and Computational Studies of Abutilon figarianum Webb (Malvaceae). Processes. 2020; 8 (3):336.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hammad Saleem; Muhammad Sarfraz; Hafiz Muhammad Ahsan; Umair Khurshid; Syed Asif Jahanzeb Kazmi; Gokhan Zengin; Marcello Locatelli; Irshad Ahmad; Hassan H. Abdallah; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally; Kannan Rr Rengasamy; Nafees Ahemad. 2020. "Secondary Metabolites Profiling, Biological Activities and Computational Studies of Abutilon figarianum Webb (Malvaceae)." Processes 8, no. 3: 336.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2019 in Industrial Crops and Products
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The plants of genus Neurada have been utilized for medicinal purposes. This study probed into the biological propensities and endeavored to achieve the detailed phytochemical profile, via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography -UHPLC-MS analysis and high performance liquid chromatography photodiode array -HPLC-PDA of different polarity extracts (methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol) of Neurada procumbens L. The biological features were studied by determining the antioxidant potential via 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl -DPPH, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid -ABTS, ferric reducing antioxidant power -FRAP, cupric reducing antioxidant power -CUPRAC, phoshomolybdenum and metal chelation assays and clinically significant major enzymes (cholinesterases, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibition). Moreover, the correlation among the biological activities and total bioactive contents of the extracts were studied via multivariate statistical analysis. The methanol and n-butanol extracts revealed the presence of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in highest concentrations which tend to correlate with their maximum anti-oxidant capacities for radical scavenging and reducing power assays. The n-hexane extract was most active in the phosphomolybdenum assays whereas the chloroform extracts showed the highest metal chelation potential. The UHPLC-MS phytochemical profiling of the methanolic extract (both positive and negative ionization mode) revealed the existence of eighteen phytochemicals representing four different classes (phenolics, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, and alkaloids). The n-butanol extract inhibited acetylcholinesterase (4.10 mg galantamine equivalent -GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (127.65 mg kojic acid equivalent -KAE/g) significantly as compared to the control. The n-hexane extract exhibited highest inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase (1.93 mg GALAE/g) and α-glucosidase (59.0 mmol acarbose equivalent -ACAE/g), while chloroform extract exhibited prominent inhibitory action inimical to α-amylase (0.65 mmol ACAE/g). Overall, it was observed that FRAP and tyrosinase activities were the most contributive biological activities for the formation of first component with p values of 0.018 and 0.023, respectively, whereas, for the formation of second component, glucosidase activity was the most contributive assay with p value of 0.002. It can be concluded that the manifestation of dynamic phytochemicals with multi-pharmacological potential marks N. procumbens as a prospective origin of health-promoting molecules warrants further exploration as a unique therapeutic medicinal plant.

ACS Style

Umair Khurshid; Saeed Ahmad; Hammad Saleem; Hafiz Awais Nawaz; Gokhan Zengin; Marcello Locatelli; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally; Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin; Muhammad Imran Tousif; Nafees Ahemad. Phytochemical composition and in vitro pharmacological investigations of Neurada procumbens L. (Neuradaceae): A multidirectional approach for industrial products. Industrial Crops and Products 2019, 142, 111861 .

AMA Style

Umair Khurshid, Saeed Ahmad, Hammad Saleem, Hafiz Awais Nawaz, Gokhan Zengin, Marcello Locatelli, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally, Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Imran Tousif, Nafees Ahemad. Phytochemical composition and in vitro pharmacological investigations of Neurada procumbens L. (Neuradaceae): A multidirectional approach for industrial products. Industrial Crops and Products. 2019; 142 ():111861.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umair Khurshid; Saeed Ahmad; Hammad Saleem; Hafiz Awais Nawaz; Gokhan Zengin; Marcello Locatelli; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally; Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin; Muhammad Imran Tousif; Nafees Ahemad. 2019. "Phytochemical composition and in vitro pharmacological investigations of Neurada procumbens L. (Neuradaceae): A multidirectional approach for industrial products." Industrial Crops and Products 142, no. : 111861.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2019 in Food and Chemical Toxicology
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This study endeavours to investigate the phytochemical composition, biological properties and in vivo toxicity of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of Zaleya pentandra (L.) Jeffrey. Total bioactive contents, antioxidant (phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC) and enzyme inhibition (cholinesterases, tyrosinase α-amylase, and α-glucosidase) potential were assessed utilizing in vitro bioassays. UHPLC-MS phytochemical profiling was carried out to identify the essential compounds. The methanol extract was found to contain highest phenolic (22.60 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (31.49 mg QE/g) contents which correlate with its most significant radical scavenging, reducing potential and tyrosinase inhibition. The dichloromethane extract was most potent for phosphomolybdenum, ferrous chelation, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and cholinesterase inhibition assays. UHPLC-MS analysis of methanol extract unveiled to identify 11 secondary metabolites belonging to five sub-groups, i.e., phenolic, alkaloid, carbohydrate, terpenoid, and fatty acid derivatives. Additionally, in vivo toxicity was conducted for 21 days and the methanol extract at different doses (150, 200, 250 and 300 mg/kg) was administered in experimental chicks divided into five groups each containing five individuals. Different physical, haematological and biochemical parameters along with the absolute and relative weight of visceral body organs were studied. Overall, no toxic effect was noted for the extract at tested doses.

ACS Style

Hammad Saleem; Gokhan Zengin; Marcello Locatelli; Irshad Ahmad; Saharish Khaliq; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally; Riaz Hussain; Kannan R.R. Rengasamy; Adriano Mollica; Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin; Nafees Ahemad. Pharmacological, phytochemical and in-vivo toxicological perspectives of a xero-halophyte medicinal plant: Zaleya pentandra (L.) Jeffrey. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2019, 131, 110535 .

AMA Style

Hammad Saleem, Gokhan Zengin, Marcello Locatelli, Irshad Ahmad, Saharish Khaliq, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally, Riaz Hussain, Kannan R.R. Rengasamy, Adriano Mollica, Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin, Nafees Ahemad. Pharmacological, phytochemical and in-vivo toxicological perspectives of a xero-halophyte medicinal plant: Zaleya pentandra (L.) Jeffrey. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2019; 131 ():110535.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hammad Saleem; Gokhan Zengin; Marcello Locatelli; Irshad Ahmad; Saharish Khaliq; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally; Riaz Hussain; Kannan R.R. Rengasamy; Adriano Mollica; Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin; Nafees Ahemad. 2019. "Pharmacological, phytochemical and in-vivo toxicological perspectives of a xero-halophyte medicinal plant: Zaleya pentandra (L.) Jeffrey." Food and Chemical Toxicology 131, no. : 110535.

Short communication
Published: 02 January 2019 in Natural Product Research
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In this study, phytochemical composition, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic activities of methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of Bougainvillea glabra (B. glabra) flowers were investigated. Methanol extract was found to have higher total bioactive contents and UHPLC-MS analysis of methanol extract revealed the presence of well-known phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Antioxidant activities were performed by radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum (TAC) and metal chelating assays. From our result, we observed that methanol extract had many antioxidant compounds. The DCM extract exhibited higher cholinesterases and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition, while methanol extract showed significant urease inhibition. Both extracts exhibited strong to moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, CaSki, DU-145 and SW-480 cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 88.49 to 304.7 µg/mL. The findings showed the B. glabra to possess considerable antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic potentials and therefore has potential to discover novel bioactive molecules.

ACS Style

Hammad Saleem; Thet Thet Htar; Rakesh Naidu; Gokhan Zengin; Irshad Ahmad; Nafees Ahemad. Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic potential of Bougainvillea glabra flowers. Natural Product Research 2019, 34, 2602 -2606.

AMA Style

Hammad Saleem, Thet Thet Htar, Rakesh Naidu, Gokhan Zengin, Irshad Ahmad, Nafees Ahemad. Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic potential of Bougainvillea glabra flowers. Natural Product Research. 2019; 34 (18):2602-2606.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hammad Saleem; Thet Thet Htar; Rakesh Naidu; Gokhan Zengin; Irshad Ahmad; Nafees Ahemad. 2019. "Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic potential of Bougainvillea glabra flowers." Natural Product Research 34, no. 18: 2602-2606.

Journal article
Published: 25 December 2018 in Industrial Crops and Products
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The plants of Euphorbia genus have been extensively studied for their nutritive and therapeutic purposes. The present research is the foremost effort to investigate and compare the biological activities and chemical composition of dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) solvent extracts of Euphorbia milli Des Moul aerial and root parts. Antioxidant potential was determined using six different (FRAP, CUPRAC, Phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, ABTS and ferrous chelation) methods. The enzyme inhibition effects of the tested extracts were evaluated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glucosidase, α-amylase and tyrosinase. Similarly, the amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were assessed via spectrophotometric methods and individual secondary metabolites were also determined using UHPLC-MS analysis. Methanolic extracts from both aerial and root parts contained the highest contents for phenolic and flavonoids which tends to correlate with their significant DPPH, ABTS (radical scavenging), FRAP, CUPRAC (reducing power) and α-glucosidase inhibition potentials. While, both the DCM extracts containing the lowest bioactive contents were most active in the phosphomolybdenum assay, cholinesterases and tyrosinase inhibition. The root extracts proved to be a better source of bioactive antioxidant molecules. Additionally, UHPLC-MS profiling of both the methanolic extracts revealed the presence of total 16 secondary metabolites belonging to five major groups (phenolic, flavonoid, coumarin, glycoside and alkaloid). To conclude, our results suggest that E. milii can be considered as a promising lead origin for natural bioactive enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant compounds which could pave the way for industrial applications.

ACS Style

Hammad Saleem; Gokhan Zengin; Marcello Locatelli; Adriano Mollica; Irshad Ahmad; Fawzi M. Mahomoodally; Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin; Nafees Ahemad. In vitro biological propensities and chemical profiling of Euphorbia milii Des Moul (Euphorbiaceae): A novel source for bioactive agents. Industrial Crops and Products 2018, 130, 9 -15.

AMA Style

Hammad Saleem, Gokhan Zengin, Marcello Locatelli, Adriano Mollica, Irshad Ahmad, Fawzi M. Mahomoodally, Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin, Nafees Ahemad. In vitro biological propensities and chemical profiling of Euphorbia milii Des Moul (Euphorbiaceae): A novel source for bioactive agents. Industrial Crops and Products. 2018; 130 ():9-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hammad Saleem; Gokhan Zengin; Marcello Locatelli; Adriano Mollica; Irshad Ahmad; Fawzi M. Mahomoodally; Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin; Nafees Ahemad. 2018. "In vitro biological propensities and chemical profiling of Euphorbia milii Des Moul (Euphorbiaceae): A novel source for bioactive agents." Industrial Crops and Products 130, no. : 9-15.

Journal article
Published: 09 November 2018 in Food and Chemical Toxicology
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We investigated into the effects of methanol and dichloromethane extracts from aerial and roots of Filago germanica (L.) Huds (Astearaceae) on key enzymes (cholinesterases, α-glucosidase and urease), antioxidant capabilities, cytotoxic potential and secondary metabolomics profile. Total phenolic and flavonoids were determined by spectrophotometric technique and secondary metabolites composition by UHPLC-MS. Antioxidant activities were assessed employing free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power and phosphomolybdenum assays. The cell-toxicity was evaluated by MTT assay against breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), cervix (CaSki) and prostate (DU-145) cancers. Overall, methanol extracts were found to have higher total bioactive contents and antioxidant potential. UHPLC-MS analysis revealed significant variation in the secondary metabolites in the methanol extracts. The most common derivatives belong to seven groups i.e. alkaloids, benzoic acids, flavones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, terpenoids and saponins. The major polyphenolic compounds were found to be kampferol, robinin, luteolin, ferulic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid. All the extracts showed moderate cholinesterases inhibition, whereas methanol extracts exhibited highest urease inhibition and all extracts presented a relatively high inhibition against α-glucosidase. Similarly, all extracts showed strong to moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 53.02 to 382.7 μg/mL. Overall, results have suggested F. germanica to be a lead source for novel natural products.

ACS Style

Hammad Saleem; Thet Thet Htar; Rakesh Naidu; Nurziana Sharmilla Nawawi; Irshad Ahmad; Muhammad Ashraf; Nafees Ahemad. Biological, chemical and toxicological perspectives on aerial and roots of Filago germanica (L.) huds: Functional approaches for novel phyto-pharmaceuticals. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2018, 123, 363 -373.

AMA Style

Hammad Saleem, Thet Thet Htar, Rakesh Naidu, Nurziana Sharmilla Nawawi, Irshad Ahmad, Muhammad Ashraf, Nafees Ahemad. Biological, chemical and toxicological perspectives on aerial and roots of Filago germanica (L.) huds: Functional approaches for novel phyto-pharmaceuticals. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2018; 123 ():363-373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hammad Saleem; Thet Thet Htar; Rakesh Naidu; Nurziana Sharmilla Nawawi; Irshad Ahmad; Muhammad Ashraf; Nafees Ahemad. 2018. "Biological, chemical and toxicological perspectives on aerial and roots of Filago germanica (L.) huds: Functional approaches for novel phyto-pharmaceuticals." Food and Chemical Toxicology 123, no. : 363-373.

Comparative study
Published: 17 May 2016 in Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
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ACS Style

Hammad Saleem; Irshad Ahmad; Muhammad Nabeel Shahid; Muhammad Shoaib Ali Gill; Muhammad Faisal Nadeem; Waqas Mahmood; Imran Rashid. IN VITRO ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORY POTENTIALS OF JATROPHA GOSSYPIFOLIA PLANT EXTRACTS. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research 2016, 73, 1 .

AMA Style

Hammad Saleem, Irshad Ahmad, Muhammad Nabeel Shahid, Muhammad Shoaib Ali Gill, Muhammad Faisal Nadeem, Waqas Mahmood, Imran Rashid. IN VITRO ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORY POTENTIALS OF JATROPHA GOSSYPIFOLIA PLANT EXTRACTS. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research. 2016; 73 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hammad Saleem; Irshad Ahmad; Muhammad Nabeel Shahid; Muhammad Shoaib Ali Gill; Muhammad Faisal Nadeem; Waqas Mahmood; Imran Rashid. 2016. "IN VITRO ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORY POTENTIALS OF JATROPHA GOSSYPIFOLIA PLANT EXTRACTS." Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research 73, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2016 in Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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Purpose: To evaluate α-glucosidase and α-chymotrypsin enzyme inhibitory activity of Jatropha gossypifolia as a probable remedy for the management of diabetes and ulcer.Methods: Different extracts and fractions of the root, leaf and stem bark of the plant were screened for their α-glucosidase and α-chymotrypsin inhibitory activity using standard in vitro inhibition assays. Acarbose and chymostatin were used as positive control, respectively.Results: n-Butanol and ethyl acetate fraction showed maximum enzyme inhibition for α-glucosidase with 67.93 ± 0.66 and 67.67 ± 0.71 % and half maximal concentration (IC50) of 218.47 ± 0.23 and 213.45 ± 0.12 μg/ml, respectively. Dichloromethane and ethyl acetate leaf fractions exhibited maximum α-chymotrypsin inhibition activity of 85.08 ± 0.38 and 83.87 ± 0.70 %, and IC50 of 133.1 ± 0.68 and 134.5 ± 0.12 μg/ml, respectively, Acarbose exhibited enzyme inhibition activity of 92.14 ± 0.38 % with IC50 of 38.24 ± 0.1 μg/ml, while chymostatin exhibited 93.67 ± 0.38 % enzyme inhibition and IC50 of 8.24 ± 0.11 μg/ml.Conclusion: The presence of bioactive secondary metabolities with enzyme-inhibiting activity lends some support for the traditional use of this plant in the management of diabetes and ulcer. However, further investigation of the plant including identification of its active components is required.Keywords: α-Chymotrypsin, α-Glucosidase, Inhibition, Jatropha gossypifolia, Anti-diabetic, Anti-ulcer

ACS Style

Hammad Saleem; Irshad Ahmad; M Ashraf; M Shoaib Ali Gill; Muhammad Faisal Nadeem; M Nabeel Shahid; Kashif Barkat. In vitro Studies on Anti-diabetic and Anti-ulcer Potentials of Jatropha gossypifolia (Euphorbiaceae). Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2016, 15, 121 .

AMA Style

Hammad Saleem, Irshad Ahmad, M Ashraf, M Shoaib Ali Gill, Muhammad Faisal Nadeem, M Nabeel Shahid, Kashif Barkat. In vitro Studies on Anti-diabetic and Anti-ulcer Potentials of Jatropha gossypifolia (Euphorbiaceae). Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2016; 15 (1):121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hammad Saleem; Irshad Ahmad; M Ashraf; M Shoaib Ali Gill; Muhammad Faisal Nadeem; M Nabeel Shahid; Kashif Barkat. 2016. "In vitro Studies on Anti-diabetic and Anti-ulcer Potentials of Jatropha gossypifolia (Euphorbiaceae)." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 15, no. 1: 121.