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Nadia Nawaz
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Wah Cantonment, Pakistan

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Article
Published: 29 May 2021 in Mobile Networks and Applications
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Flying ad hoc network (FANET) provides portable and flexible communication for many applications and possesses several unique design challenges; a key one is the successful delivery of messages to the destination, reliably. For reliable communication, routing plays an important role, which establishes a path between source and destination on the basis of certain criteria. Conventional routing protocols of FANET generally use a minimum hop count criterion to find the best route between source and destination, which results in lower latency with the consideration that there is single source/destination network environment. However, in a network with multiple sources, the minimum hop count routing criterion along with the 1-Hop HELLO messages broadcasted by each node in the network may deteriorate the network performance in terms of high End-to-End (ETE) delay and decrease in the lifetime of the network. This research work proposes a Reliable link-adaptive position-based routing protocol (RLPR) for FANET. It uses relative speed, signal strength, and energy of the nodes along with the geographic distance towards the destination using a forwarding angle. This angle is used to determine the forwarding zone that decreases the undesirable control messages in the network in order to discover the route. RLPR enhances the network performance by selecting those relay nodes which are in the forwarding zone and whose geographic movement is towards the destination. Additionally, RLPR selects the next hop with better energy level and uses signal strength and relative speed of the nodes to achieve high connectivity-level. Based on the performance evaluation performed in the Network simulator (ns-2.35), it has been analysed that RLPR outperforms the Robust and reliable predictive based routing (RARP) and Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) protocols in different scenarios. The results show that RLPR achieves a 33% reduction in control messages overhead as compared to RARP and 45% reduction as compared to AODV. Additionally, RLPR shows a 55% improvement in the lifetime of the network as compared to RARP and 65% as compared to AODV. Moreover, the search success rate in RLPR is 16% better as compared to RARP and 28% as compared to AODV.

ACS Style

Qamar Usman; Omer Chughtai; Nadia Nawaz; Zeeshan Kaleem; Kishwer Abdul Khaliq; Long D. Nguyen. A Reliable Link-Adaptive Position-Based Routing Protocol for Flying ad hoc Network. Mobile Networks and Applications 2021, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Qamar Usman, Omer Chughtai, Nadia Nawaz, Zeeshan Kaleem, Kishwer Abdul Khaliq, Long D. Nguyen. A Reliable Link-Adaptive Position-Based Routing Protocol for Flying ad hoc Network. Mobile Networks and Applications. 2021; ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qamar Usman; Omer Chughtai; Nadia Nawaz; Zeeshan Kaleem; Kishwer Abdul Khaliq; Long D. Nguyen. 2021. "A Reliable Link-Adaptive Position-Based Routing Protocol for Flying ad hoc Network." Mobile Networks and Applications , no. : 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2019 in Applied Sciences
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The configuration is essential to diagnose the status of the grounding grid, but the orientation of the unknown grounding grid is ultimately required to diagnose its configuration explicitly. This paper presents a transient electromagnetic method (TEM) to determine grounding grid orientation without excavation. Unlike the existing pathological solutions, TEM does not enhance the surrounding electromagnetic environment. A secondary magnetic field as a consequence of induced eddy currents is subjected to inversion calculation. The orientation of the grounding grid is diagnosed from the equivalent resistivity distribution against the circle perimeter. High equivalent resistivity at a point on the circle implies the grounding grid conductor and vice versa. Furthermore, various mesh configurations including the presence of a diagonal branch and unequal mesh spacing are taken into account. Simulations are performed using COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB to verify the usefulness of the proposed method.

ACS Style

Aamir Qamar; Inzamam Ul Haq; Majed Alhaisoni; Nadia Nawaz Qadri. Detecting Grounding Grid Orientation: Transient Electromagnetic Approach. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 5270 .

AMA Style

Aamir Qamar, Inzamam Ul Haq, Majed Alhaisoni, Nadia Nawaz Qadri. Detecting Grounding Grid Orientation: Transient Electromagnetic Approach. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (24):5270.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aamir Qamar; Inzamam Ul Haq; Majed Alhaisoni; Nadia Nawaz Qadri. 2019. "Detecting Grounding Grid Orientation: Transient Electromagnetic Approach." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24: 5270.

Article
Published: 19 June 2018 in Multimedia Tools and Applications
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Image fusion is the process of combining two or more related images to produce a single output image, containing more relevant information than any one of the input images. The image-fusion process depends upon: the application domain; the number of images undergoing fusion; and the type of imagery, such as whether it is multi-spectral or multi-modal. For clarity of presentation, this paper takes two important fusion methods, Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and applies them to a variety of imagery. Results show that in multi-modal image fusion, PCA appears to perform better for those input images that have different contrast/brightness levels. SWT appears to give better performance when the input images are multi-modal and multi-sensor. A feature of the paper are the number of objective functions employed to evaluate the SWT and PCA methods, allowing the utility of each to be judged. The reader will also find in this paper a concise guide to image fusion techniques with clear recommendations on how to evaluate them.

ACS Style

Rabia Bashir; Riaz Junejo; Nadia N. Qadri; Martin Fleury; Muhammad Yasir Qadri. SWT and PCA image fusion methods for multi-modal imagery. Multimedia Tools and Applications 2018, 78, 1235 -1263.

AMA Style

Rabia Bashir, Riaz Junejo, Nadia N. Qadri, Martin Fleury, Muhammad Yasir Qadri. SWT and PCA image fusion methods for multi-modal imagery. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 2018; 78 (2):1235-1263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rabia Bashir; Riaz Junejo; Nadia N. Qadri; Martin Fleury; Muhammad Yasir Qadri. 2018. "SWT and PCA image fusion methods for multi-modal imagery." Multimedia Tools and Applications 78, no. 2: 1235-1263.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2013 in International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science
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The hybrid architecture of Terrestrial and Satellite networks discussed in this paper utilizes frequency reuse. However, at the same time the frequency reuse results in Co-Channel Interference (CCI). The CCI is caused by the mobile users to the satellite end because of the strong receiver on the satellite end. Mainly, this paper will focus on to tone down the CCI and would also show that how the OFDM based adaptive beamforming can be employed to mitigate this interference. The technique which is being used to mitigate this interference is Pre-FFT adaptive beamforming also called as time domain beamforming. In this paper, main task is to mitigate the CCI which is induced by the mobile users to the satellite end and will be considered that there are J users. Out of these J users there is one desired user and rest are interferers. When the interfered data is received at the satellite end, the Pre-FFT adaptive beamforming extracts the desired user data from the interferers by applying the complex weights to the received symbol. The weight for the next symbol is then updated by Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm and then is applied to it. This process is carried out till all the desired user data is extracted from the interference signal

ACS Style

Farman Ullah; Nadia N Qadri; Aamir Khan; Khalid Ibrahim. Beampattern for Multiple Antennas in Hybrid Terrestrial Satellite Communications System (HTSCS). International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 2013, 5, 21 -31.

AMA Style

Farman Ullah, Nadia N Qadri, Aamir Khan, Khalid Ibrahim. Beampattern for Multiple Antennas in Hybrid Terrestrial Satellite Communications System (HTSCS). International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science. 2013; 5 (11):21-31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farman Ullah; Nadia N Qadri; Aamir Khan; Khalid Ibrahim. 2013. "Beampattern for Multiple Antennas in Hybrid Terrestrial Satellite Communications System (HTSCS)." International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 5, no. 11: 21-31.

Chapter
Published: 19 April 2012 in Streaming Media with Peer-to-Peer Networks
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Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) as mobile wireless networks are challenging environments as there is no centralized packet routing mechanism. Packet delivery is normally multi-hop and may encounter out-of-range intermediate network nodes on the routing path. There may be problems of energy consumption in MANETs and of constrained routing paths in VANETs. Consequently, introducing real-time video streaming into these environments is problematic. Peer-to-peer (P2P) streaming from multiple sources is a way of strengthening video streaming in these circumstances. In this chapter, P2P streaming is combined with various video error resilience mechanisms that mostly take advantage of the multiple paths available in such networks. As video streams are sensitive to errors the impact of wireless channel errors should be assessed and, for VANETs, realistic mobility models should be modeled, especially in urban settings. The chapter looks in detail at how video source coding can assist in the protection of video streams, in that respect comparing various forms of multiple description coding.

ACS Style

Nadia N. Qadri; Martin Fleury. P2P Streaming over MANET and VANET. Streaming Media with Peer-to-Peer Networks 2012, 119 -161.

AMA Style

Nadia N. Qadri, Martin Fleury. P2P Streaming over MANET and VANET. Streaming Media with Peer-to-Peer Networks. 2012; ():119-161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nadia N. Qadri; Martin Fleury. 2012. "P2P Streaming over MANET and VANET." Streaming Media with Peer-to-Peer Networks , no. : 119-161.

Chapter
Published: 19 April 2012 in Streaming Media with Peer-to-Peer Networks
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Infrastructureless or ad hoc wireless networks have long been a target of research, because of their flexibility, which is matched by the difficulty of managing them. As this research approaches maturity, it behoves researchers to be more responsible in modeling such networks. In particular, as this chapter discusses, the range of ad hoc networks has been extended to vehicular networks, for which it is no longer possible to loosely define their topology. The chapter then discusses how to improve the modeling of such networks in terms of more representative wireless channel models and more realistic mobility models for vehicular networks. The chapter also contains a review of a topic that has been the subject of intensive research: selection of suitable multi-hop routing. The chapter serves as a prelude to the study of applications on such networks, including multimedia streaming.

ACS Style

Nadia N. Qadri; Martin Fleury. Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and their Modeling. Streaming Media with Peer-to-Peer Networks 2012, 96 -117.

AMA Style

Nadia N. Qadri, Martin Fleury. Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and their Modeling. Streaming Media with Peer-to-Peer Networks. 2012; ():96-117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nadia N. Qadri; Martin Fleury. 2012. "Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and their Modeling." Streaming Media with Peer-to-Peer Networks , no. : 96-117.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2012 in International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing
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This papers contribution is a family of multi-path routing protocols that emphasise different aspects of multi-path routing, though with a central theme of path reliability within a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Tests demonstrate that for all members of the family, the network performance (end-to-end delay and packet loss ratio) compares favorably to the single-path Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol at moderate to high speeds, though there is a trade-off against control packet overhead. Where the design effort differs from other multi-path protocol reviewed is that different aspects of the performance are emphasised in different members of the protocol family.

ACS Style

Bijan Rahimzadeh Rofoee; Martin Fleury; Mohammed Ghanbari; Nadia N. Qadri. A flexible family of multi-path routing protocols over a MANET. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing 2012, 10, 22 .

AMA Style

Bijan Rahimzadeh Rofoee, Martin Fleury, Mohammed Ghanbari, Nadia N. Qadri. A flexible family of multi-path routing protocols over a MANET. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing. 2012; 10 (1):22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bijan Rahimzadeh Rofoee; Martin Fleury; Mohammed Ghanbari; Nadia N. Qadri. 2012. "A flexible family of multi-path routing protocols over a MANET." International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing 10, no. 1: 22.

Journal article
Published: 12 May 2011 in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
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Developing applications, particularly real-time applications, for wireless vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) requires a reasonable assurance of the likely performance of the network, at the least in terms of packet loss ratios and end-to-end delay. Because wireless propagation strongly influences performance, particularly in an urban environment, this paper improves on simpler propagation models for simulations by augmenting ray-tracing-derived models of propagation. In the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) component, the propagation distance is more closely calculated according to the reflection distance, the effect of roadside obstacles is included, and for the modeling of fast fading, a phase factor is introduced, all without necessarily overly increasing the computational load. In the line-of-sight (LOS) component, as well as the roadside obstacle modeling, single and double reflections from roadside buildings are added to the standard two-ray ground-propagation model, the distribution of vehicles within a street segment is used to more closely model the ground reflection ray, and the reflection coefficient is also accordingly adjusted to account for reflections from vehicles. The results have been compared with widely used measurement studies of city streets in the literature, which have confirmed the overall advantage of the improvements, particularly in the case of the NLOS component. A simulation case study shows that, in general, optimistic performance predictions of packet loss occur with the two-ray ground-propagation model when indiscriminately applied. This paper therefore represents a way forward for VANET wireless channel modeling in simulations.

ACS Style

Seyed A. Hosseini Tabatabaei; Martin Fleury; Nadia N. Qadri; Mohammed Ghanbari. Improving Propagation Modeling in Urban Environments for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2011, 12, 705 -716.

AMA Style

Seyed A. Hosseini Tabatabaei, Martin Fleury, Nadia N. Qadri, Mohammed Ghanbari. Improving Propagation Modeling in Urban Environments for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 2011; 12 (3):705-716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seyed A. Hosseini Tabatabaei; Martin Fleury; Nadia N. Qadri; Mohammed Ghanbari. 2011. "Improving Propagation Modeling in Urban Environments for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 12, no. 3: 705-716.

Chapter
Published: 18 January 2011 in Smart Devices, Applications, and Protocols for the IoT
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Robust Video Streaming over MANET and VANET: 10.4018/978-1-61692-831-5.ch008: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are a further step towards wireless networks with no or limited infrastructure and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) extend

ACS Style

Martin Fleury; Nadia N Qadri; Muhammad Altaf; Mohammed Ghanbari. Robust Video Streaming over MANET and VANET. Smart Devices, Applications, and Protocols for the IoT 2011, 1 .

AMA Style

Martin Fleury, Nadia N Qadri, Muhammad Altaf, Mohammed Ghanbari. Robust Video Streaming over MANET and VANET. Smart Devices, Applications, and Protocols for the IoT. 2011; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martin Fleury; Nadia N Qadri; Muhammad Altaf; Mohammed Ghanbari. 2011. "Robust Video Streaming over MANET and VANET." Smart Devices, Applications, and Protocols for the IoT , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2009 in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Informatics, Environment, Energy and Applications
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ACS Style

Nadia N. Qadri; M. Altaf; Martin Fleury; Mohammed Ghanbari. Multi-path video streaming with redundant frames over a MANET. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Informatics, Environment, Energy and Applications 2009, 65 .

AMA Style

Nadia N. Qadri, M. Altaf, Martin Fleury, Mohammed Ghanbari. Multi-path video streaming with redundant frames over a MANET. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Informatics, Environment, Energy and Applications. 2009; ():65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nadia N. Qadri; M. Altaf; Martin Fleury; Mohammed Ghanbari. 2009. "Multi-path video streaming with redundant frames over a MANET." Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Informatics, Environment, Energy and Applications , no. : 65.