This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Unclaimed
Azmatullah Noor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Review
Published: 09 August 2021 in Materials
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Several agro-waste materials have been utilized for sustainable engineering and environmental application over the past decades, showing different degrees of effectiveness. However, information concerning the wider use of palm oil clinker (POC) and its performance is still lacking. Therefore, as a solid waste byproduct produced in one of the oil palm processing stages, generating a huge quantity of waste mostly dumped into the landfill, the waste-to-resource potential of POC should be thoroughly discussed in a review. Thus, this paper provides a systematic review of the current research articles on the several advances made from 2005 to 2021 regarding palm oil clinker physical properties and performances, with a particular emphasis on their commitments to cost savings during environmental and engineering applications. The review begins by identifying the potential of POC application in conventional and geopolymer structural elements such as beams, slabs, and columns made of concrete, mortar, or paste for coarse aggregates, sand, and cement replacement. Aspects such as performance of POC in wastewater treatment processes, fine aggregate and cement replacement in asphaltic and bituminous mixtures during highway construction, a bio-filler in coatings for steel manufacturing processes, and a catalyst during energy generation are also discussed. This review further describes the effectiveness of POC in soil stabilization and the effect of POC pretreatment for performance enhancement. The present review can inspire researchers to find research gaps that will aid the sustainable use of agroindustry wastes. The fundamental knowledge contained in this review can also serve as a wake-up call for researchers that will motivate them to explore the high potential of utilizing POC for greater environmental benefits associated with less cost when compared with conventional materials.

ACS Style

Ahmad Jagaba; Shamsul Kutty; Gasim Hayder; Lavania Baloo; Azmatullah Noor; Nura Yaro; Anwar Saeed; Ibrahim Lawal; Abdullahi Birniwa; Abdullahi Usman. A Systematic Literature Review on Waste-to-Resource Potential of Palm Oil Clinker for Sustainable Engineering and Environmental Applications. Materials 2021, 14, 4456 .

AMA Style

Ahmad Jagaba, Shamsul Kutty, Gasim Hayder, Lavania Baloo, Azmatullah Noor, Nura Yaro, Anwar Saeed, Ibrahim Lawal, Abdullahi Birniwa, Abdullahi Usman. A Systematic Literature Review on Waste-to-Resource Potential of Palm Oil Clinker for Sustainable Engineering and Environmental Applications. Materials. 2021; 14 (16):4456.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmad Jagaba; Shamsul Kutty; Gasim Hayder; Lavania Baloo; Azmatullah Noor; Nura Yaro; Anwar Saeed; Ibrahim Lawal; Abdullahi Birniwa; Abdullahi Usman. 2021. "A Systematic Literature Review on Waste-to-Resource Potential of Palm Oil Clinker for Sustainable Engineering and Environmental Applications." Materials 14, no. 16: 4456.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2021 in Water
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Man-made organic waste leads to the rapid proliferation of pollution around the globe. Effective bio-waste management can help to reduce the adverse effects of organic waste while contributing to the circular economy at the same time. The toxic oily-biological sludge generated from oil refineries’ wastewater treatment plants is a potential source for biogas energy recovery via anaerobic digestion. However, the oily-biological sludge’s carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio is lower than the ideal 20–30 ratio required by anaerobic digestion technology for biogas production. Sugarcane bagasse can be digested as a high C/N co-substrate while the oily-biological sludge acts as a substrate and inoculum to improve biogas production. In this study, the best C/N with co-substrate volatile solids (VS)/inoculum VS ratios for the co-digestion process of mixtures were determined empirically through batch experiments at temperatures of 35–37 °C, pH (6–8) and 60 rpm mixing. The raw materials were pre-treated mechanically and thermo-chemically to further enhance the digestibility. The best condition for the sugarcane bagasse delignification process was 1% (w/v) sodium hydroxide, 1:10 solid-liquid ratio, at 100 °C, and 150 rpm for 1 h. The results from a 33-day batch anaerobic digestion experiment indicate that the production of biogas and methane yield were concurrent with the increasing C/N and co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios. The total biogas yields from C/N 20.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.06 and C/N 30.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.18 ratios were 2777.0 and 9268.0 mL, respectively, including a methane yield of 980.0 and 3009.3 mL, respectively. The biogas and methane yield from C/N 30.0 were higher than the biogas and methane yields from C/N 20.0 by 70.04 and 67.44%, respectively. The highest biogas and methane yields corresponded with the highest C/N with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios (30.0 and 0.18), being 200.6 mL/g VSremoved and 65.1 mL CH4/g VSremoved, respectively.

ACS Style

Aiban Ghaleb; Shamsul Kutty; Gasim Salih; Ahmad Jagaba; Azmatullah Noor; Vicky Kumar; Najib Almahbashi; Anwar Saeed; Baker Saleh Al-Dhawi. Sugarcane Bagasse as a Co-Substrate with Oil-Refinery Biological Sludge for Biogas Production Using Batch Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion Technology: Effect of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio. Water 2021, 13, 590 .

AMA Style

Aiban Ghaleb, Shamsul Kutty, Gasim Salih, Ahmad Jagaba, Azmatullah Noor, Vicky Kumar, Najib Almahbashi, Anwar Saeed, Baker Saleh Al-Dhawi. Sugarcane Bagasse as a Co-Substrate with Oil-Refinery Biological Sludge for Biogas Production Using Batch Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion Technology: Effect of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio. Water. 2021; 13 (5):590.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aiban Ghaleb; Shamsul Kutty; Gasim Salih; Ahmad Jagaba; Azmatullah Noor; Vicky Kumar; Najib Almahbashi; Anwar Saeed; Baker Saleh Al-Dhawi. 2021. "Sugarcane Bagasse as a Co-Substrate with Oil-Refinery Biological Sludge for Biogas Production Using Batch Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion Technology: Effect of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio." Water 13, no. 5: 590.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2020 in Ain Shams Engineering Journal
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The volume of sludge is a growing problem worldwide due to the increase in the population and the growing in industry and agriculture. Therefore, sludge management and disposal are becoming problematic and required more intensive and creative efforts. The objective of this study was to produce activated carbon using sewage sludge as raw material. Preparation conditions of sewage sludge based activated carbon were optimized by applying Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in response surface methodology (RSM). Optimization process investigated the impact of interaction between chemical activation ratio, contact time and activation temperature on the surface area of activated carbon. A series of activated carbons were chemically activated using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and physically activated by pyrolysis process in tube furnace. The response of optimization process was the surface area of activated carbon which was depicted by the second-order polynomial regression model created by ANOVA. Optimum activated carbon characterizations were conducted by surface area (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis TGA. The maximum surface area of 377.7 m2/g was achieved at chemical activation ratio of 1, activation contact time of 3 hours and activation temperature of 500 ℃. According statistical analysis, the most significant parameter was the contact time, followed by chemical activation ratio and activation temperature.

ACS Style

N.M.Y Almahbashi; S.R.M Kutty; Muhammad Ayoub; A. Noor; I.U Salihi; Ahmed Al-Nini; A.H. Jagaba; B.N.S Aldhawi; A.A.S Ghaleb. Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Sewage sludge based Activated Carbon. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 2020, 12, 1175 -1182.

AMA Style

N.M.Y Almahbashi, S.R.M Kutty, Muhammad Ayoub, A. Noor, I.U Salihi, Ahmed Al-Nini, A.H. Jagaba, B.N.S Aldhawi, A.A.S Ghaleb. Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Sewage sludge based Activated Carbon. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2020; 12 (2):1175-1182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N.M.Y Almahbashi; S.R.M Kutty; Muhammad Ayoub; A. Noor; I.U Salihi; Ahmed Al-Nini; A.H. Jagaba; B.N.S Aldhawi; A.A.S Ghaleb. 2020. "Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Sewage sludge based Activated Carbon." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 12, no. 2: 1175-1182.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2020 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Oily-biological sludge (OBS) generated from petroleum refineries has high toxicity. Therefore, it needs an appropriate disposal method to reduce the negative impacts on the environment. The anaerobic co-digestion process is an effective method that manages and converts organic waste to energy. For effective anaerobic digestion, a co-substrate would be required to provide a suitable environment for anaerobic bacteria. In oily-biological sludge, the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio and volatile solids (VS) content are very low. Therefore, it needs to be digested with organic waste that has a high C/N ratio and high VS content. This study investigates the use of sugarcane bagasse (SB) as an effective co-substrate due to its high C/N ratio and high VS content to improve the anaerobic co-digestion process with oily-biological sludge. The sugarcane bagasse also helps to delay the toxicity effect of the methane bacteria. Batch anaerobic co-digestion of oily-biological sludge was conducted with sugarcane bagasse as a co-substrate in twelve reactors with two-liter capacity, each under mesophilic conditions. The interaction effect of a C/N ratio of 20-30 and a VS co-substrate/VS inoculum ratio of 0.06-0.18 on the methane yield (mL CH4/g VSremoved) was investigated. Before the anaerobic digestion, thermochemical pre-treatment of the inoculum and co-substrate was conducted using sodium hydroxide to balance their acidic nature and provide a suitable pH environment for methane bacteria. Design and optimization for the mixing ratios were carried out by central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). The highest predicted methane yield was found to be 63.52 mL CH4/g VSremoved, under optimum conditions (C/N ratio of 30 and co-substrate/inoculum ratio of 0.18).

ACS Style

Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb; Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty; Yeek-Chia Ho; Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba; Azmatullah Noor; Abdulnaser Mohammed Al-Sabaeei; Najib Mohammed Yahya Almahbashi. Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Methane Production from Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Oily-Biological Sludge and Sugarcane Bagasse. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2116 .

AMA Style

Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb, Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty, Yeek-Chia Ho, Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba, Azmatullah Noor, Abdulnaser Mohammed Al-Sabaeei, Najib Mohammed Yahya Almahbashi. Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Methane Production from Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Oily-Biological Sludge and Sugarcane Bagasse. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):2116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb; Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty; Yeek-Chia Ho; Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba; Azmatullah Noor; Abdulnaser Mohammed Al-Sabaeei; Najib Mohammed Yahya Almahbashi. 2020. "Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Methane Production from Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Oily-Biological Sludge and Sugarcane Bagasse." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 2116.