Wrestling is a physically and mentally demanding combat sport that requires discipline, focus, and emotional control. Although its physiological effects ar

Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been suggested to improve respiratory function and physical performance; however, evidence in preadolescent athletes

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to examine whether rumination statistically accounts for the indirect association between mindfulness and burnout among athletes using a quantitative, cross-sectional, and non-interventional research design. Methods: The sample consisted of 484 licensed athletes (157 females, 32.4%; 327 males, 67.6%) actively involved in team sports, individual sports, and e-sports in Istanbul during the 2024–2025 period. Data were collected using the Athlete Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Sport Competition Rumination Scale, and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS 25 and Hayes’ PROCESS Macro (Model 4), and mediation effects were tested using a bootstrap procedure with 5000 resamples and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The findings revealed significant relationships among mindfulness, rumination, and burnout. Mindfulness was positively associated with rumination, and rumination was significantly associated with athlete burnout. Furthermore, when rumination was included in the model, the direct relationship between mindfulness and burnout became non-significant. Given the cross-sectional nature of the study, the findings should be interpreted as relational rather than causal. Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings suggest that the relationship between mindfulness and burnout may be indirectly shaped through ruminative cognitive processes depending on contextual and cognitive-regulatory factors. The results further suggest that the associations between mindfulness, rumination, and burnout may vary according to competitive context and individual cognitive processing patterns.

Sporun çocuğun sosyal, duygusal, motorsal ve psiko-sosyal gelişimi üzerinde çok önemli bir yeri vardır. Çocukların günlük yaşamında sosyal becerilerinin düzenli olarak katılım sağladıkları sportif faaliyetlerle nasıl etkilendiğini belirlemek çalışmanın amacını oluşturmatadır. Çalışmanın evrenini 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında, özel bir ilköğretim okulunun ortaokul bölümünde okuyan yaşları 9-12 aralığında olan 114 çocuk oluşturmaktadır. Demografik bilgilerin dışında çocuklara sosyal beceri düzeylerini ölçmek için sosyal beceri ölçeği, uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde frekans, t-testi, kruskal-wallis kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda öğrencilerin sosyal beceri düzeylerinin x=58,2(±9,11) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin spor yapma durumlarına göre sosyal beceri düzeylerinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmamasına rağmen spor yapan öğrencilerin sosyal becer düzeyleri daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca öğrencilerin sınıf ve cinsiyet değişkenlerine göre sosyal beceri düzeylerinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılıklara rastlanmamıştır.

This study aimed to examine the effect of parenting stress levels of physically active and inactive women parents on their communication with their children and to determine whether physical activity status differentiates this relationship. The study employed a cross-sectional design and included 222 women parents aged 25 and over. Data were collected using the Parenting Stress Scale and the Parent–Child Communication Scale. Independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analyses were conducted. The results indicated no statistically significant differences between physically active and inactive women parents in terms of parenting stress or parent–child communication scores (p > .05). Similarly, exercise frequency and age groups did not yield significant differences. However, working mothers scored significantly higher in problem-solving and sensitivity subdimensions compared to non-working mothers (p < .05). Correlation analyses revealed significant negative relationships between parenting stress and parent–child communication in both groups, with stronger associations observed among physically active women. These findings suggest that although physical activity does not directly differentiate stress or communication levels, it may function as a contextual factor influencing the relationship between parenting stress and communication quality.

Background: Safe sport requires coaches to recognize and respond appropriately to behaviors that may threaten athletes’ well-being, particularly in child and adolescent sport settings. Aim: This study examined the relationships among psychological resilience, empathy, and sensitivity to violence against children in coach candidates, with particular focus on the statistical mediating role of empathy. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was employed with 183 undergraduate students enrolled in Coaching Education. Data were collected using the Brief Resilience Scale, Empathy Assessment Scale, Sensitivity to Violence Against Children Scale, and a demographic information form. Independent-samples t tests, one-way ANOVA, and Hayes’ PROCESS Model 4 were used. Results: Empathy was positively associated with sensitivity to violence against children (B = 0.328, p < .001). Psychological resilience did not significantly predict empathy (p = .055) or sensitivity to violence directly (p = .147). However, the indirect effect of psychological resilience on sensitivity to violence through empathy was significant (B = -0.077, 95% CI [-0.156, -0.008], p = .015). Conclusion: Empathy showed a significant statistical indirect association in the relationship between psychological resilience and sensitivity to violence against children. Given the cross-sectional design, this finding should not be interpreted as evidence of causal mediation or a temporal mechanism. These findings highlight the potential relevance of empathy and safe-sport education in coach education. However, longitudinal and intervention-based studies are needed to determine whether such approaches influence sensitivity to violence.