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The lentil seed coat is a waste by-product still rich in phenolic compounds, specifically condensed tannins. The effect of different solvents, as well as different processes, namely conventional solid–liquid extraction (CSLE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), on the extraction yield of specific phenolic compound classes was studied. Four empirical two-parameter models were examined to select the one that better fit the experimental data obtained under different operating conditions. Additionally, ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI/QTOF-MS) was employed to profile the phenolic compounds obtained under distinct extraction conditions. In the operative conditions adopted here, the bioactive compounds yield achieved using UAE was lower than that obtained with CSLE. The kinetics of polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins extraction from the lentil seed coat were successfully fitted to the power-law models, yielding mean values of the root mean square < 5.4%, standard error of estimation < 0.53, and coefficient of determination > 0.8. In addition, the UHPLC-ESI/QTOF-MS of the lentil seed coat extracts allowed the putative recognition of nearly 500 compounds, mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids.
Fernanda Galgano; Roberta Tolve; Teresa Scarpa; Marisa Caruso; Luigi Lucini; Biancamaria Senizza; Nicola Condelli. Extraction Kinetics of Total Polyphenols, Flavonoids, and Condensed Tannins of Lentil Seed Coat: Comparison of Solvent and Extraction Methods. Foods 2021, 10, 1810 .
AMA StyleFernanda Galgano, Roberta Tolve, Teresa Scarpa, Marisa Caruso, Luigi Lucini, Biancamaria Senizza, Nicola Condelli. Extraction Kinetics of Total Polyphenols, Flavonoids, and Condensed Tannins of Lentil Seed Coat: Comparison of Solvent and Extraction Methods. Foods. 2021; 10 (8):1810.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernanda Galgano; Roberta Tolve; Teresa Scarpa; Marisa Caruso; Luigi Lucini; Biancamaria Senizza; Nicola Condelli. 2021. "Extraction Kinetics of Total Polyphenols, Flavonoids, and Condensed Tannins of Lentil Seed Coat: Comparison of Solvent and Extraction Methods." Foods 10, no. 8: 1810.
The quest for sustainable strategies aimed at increasing the bioactive properties of plant-based foods has grown quickly. In this work, we investigated the impact of exogenously applied phenolics, i.e., chlorogenic acid (CGA), hesperidin (HES), and their combinations (HES + CGA), on Lactuca sativa L. grown under normal- and mild-salinity conditions. To this aim, the phenolic profile, antioxidant properties, and enzyme inhibitory activity were determined. The untargeted metabolomics profiling revealed that lettuce treated with CGA under non-stressed conditions exhibited the highest total phenolic content (35.98 mg Eq./g). Lettuce samples grown under salt stress showed lower phenolic contents, except for lettuce treated with HES or HES + CGA, when comparing the same treatment between the two conditions. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity was investigated through DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,20-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays, coupled with metal-chelating activity and phosphomolybdenum capacity. An exciting increase in radical scavenging capacity was observed in lettuce treated with exogenous phenolics, in both stress and non-stress conditions. The inhibitory activity of the samples was evaluated against target health-related enzymes, namely cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase; AChE; butyryl cholinesterase; BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Lettuce treated with HES + CGA under non-stress conditions exhibited the strongest inhibition against AChE and BChE, while the same treatment under salinity conditions resulted in the highest inhibition capacity against α-amylase. Additionally, CGA under non-stress conditions exhibited the best inhibitory effect against tyrosinase. All the functional traits investigated were significantly modulated by exogenous phenolics, salinity, and their combination. In more detail, flavonoids, lignans, and stilbenes were the most affected phenolics, whereas glycosidase enzymes and tyrosinase activity were the most affected among enzyme assays. In conclusion, the exogenous application of phenolics to lettuce represents an effective and green strategy to effectively modulate the phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and enzyme inhibitory effects in lettuce, deserving future application to produce functional plant-based foods in a sustainable way.
Leilei Zhang; Erika Martinelli; Biancamaria Senizza; Begoña Miras-Moreno; Evren Yildiztugay; Busra Arikan; Fevzi Elbasan; Gunes Ak; Melike Balci; Gokhan Zengin; Youssef Rouphael; Luigi Lucini. The Combination of Mild Salinity Conditions and Exogenously Applied Phenolics Modulates Functional Traits in Lettuce. Plants 2021, 10, 1457 .
AMA StyleLeilei Zhang, Erika Martinelli, Biancamaria Senizza, Begoña Miras-Moreno, Evren Yildiztugay, Busra Arikan, Fevzi Elbasan, Gunes Ak, Melike Balci, Gokhan Zengin, Youssef Rouphael, Luigi Lucini. The Combination of Mild Salinity Conditions and Exogenously Applied Phenolics Modulates Functional Traits in Lettuce. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeilei Zhang; Erika Martinelli; Biancamaria Senizza; Begoña Miras-Moreno; Evren Yildiztugay; Busra Arikan; Fevzi Elbasan; Gunes Ak; Melike Balci; Gokhan Zengin; Youssef Rouphael; Luigi Lucini. 2021. "The Combination of Mild Salinity Conditions and Exogenously Applied Phenolics Modulates Functional Traits in Lettuce." Plants 10, no. 7: 1457.
Lupin seeds can represent a valuable source of phenolics and other antioxidant compounds. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical profile was performed on seeds from three Lupinus species, including one cultivar (Lupinus albus) and two wild accessions (Lupinus cossentinii and Lupinus luteus), collected from the northern region of Tunisia. Untargeted metabolomic profiling allowed to identify 249 compounds, with a great abundance of phenolics and alkaloids. In this regard, the species L. cossentinii showed the highest phenolic content, being 6.54 mg/g DW, followed by L. luteus (1.60 mg/g DW) and L. albus (1.14 mg/g DW). The in vitro antioxidant capacity measured by the ABTS assay on seed extracts ranged from 4.67 to 17.58 mg trolox equivalents (TE)/g, recording the highest values for L. albus and the lowest for L. luteus. The DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 0.39 to 3.50 mg TE/g. FRAP values varied between 4.11 and 5.75 mg TE/g. CUPRAC values for lupin seeds ranged from 7.20 to 8.95 mg TE/g, recording the highest for L. cossentinii. The results of phosphomolybdenum assay and metal chelation showed similarity between the three species of Lupinus. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity was detected in each methanolic extract analyzed with similar results. Regarding the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme, it was weakly inhibited by the Lupinus extracts; in particular, the highest activity values were recorded for L. albus (1.74 mg GALAE/g). Overall, our results showed that L. cossentinii was the most abundant source of polyphenols, consisting mainly in tyrosol equivalents (5.82 mg/g DW). Finally, significant correlations were outlined between the phenolic compounds and the in vitro biological activity measured, particularly when considering flavones, phenolic acids and lower-molecular-weight phenolics.
Amna Ben Hassine; Gabriele Rocchetti; Leilei Zhang; Biancamaria Senizza; Gökhan Zengin; Mohamad Mahomoodally; Mossadok Ben-Attia; Youssef Rouphael; Luigi Lucini; Safia El-Bok. Untargeted Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Cultivated and Wild Lupin Seeds from Tunisia. Molecules 2021, 26, 3452 .
AMA StyleAmna Ben Hassine, Gabriele Rocchetti, Leilei Zhang, Biancamaria Senizza, Gökhan Zengin, Mohamad Mahomoodally, Mossadok Ben-Attia, Youssef Rouphael, Luigi Lucini, Safia El-Bok. Untargeted Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Cultivated and Wild Lupin Seeds from Tunisia. Molecules. 2021; 26 (11):3452.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmna Ben Hassine; Gabriele Rocchetti; Leilei Zhang; Biancamaria Senizza; Gökhan Zengin; Mohamad Mahomoodally; Mossadok Ben-Attia; Youssef Rouphael; Luigi Lucini; Safia El-Bok. 2021. "Untargeted Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Cultivated and Wild Lupin Seeds from Tunisia." Molecules 26, no. 11: 3452.
Pseudomonas fluorescens is a psychrotrophic species associated with milk spoilage because of its lipolytic and proteolytic activities. Consequently, monitoring P. fluorescens or its antecedent activity in milk is critical to preventing quality defects of the product and minimizing food waste. Therefore, in this study, untargeted metabolomics and peptidomics were used to identify the changes in milk related to P. fluorescens activity by simulating the low-temperature conditions usually found in milk during the cold chain. Both unsupervised and supervised multivariate statistical approaches showed a clear effect caused by the P. fluorescens inoculation on milk samples. Our results showed that the levels of phosphatidylglycerophosphates and glycerophospholipids were directly related to the level of contamination. In addition, our metabolomic approach allowed us to detect lipid and protein degradation products that were directly correlated with the degradative metabolism of P. fluorescens. Peptidomics corroborated the proteolytic propensity of P. fluorescens-contaminated milk, but with lower sensitivity. The results obtained from this study provide insights into the alterations related to P. fluorescens 39 contamination, both pre and post heat treatment. This approach could represent a potential tool to retrospectively understand the actual quality of milk under cold chain storage conditions, either before or after heat treatments.
Paolo Bellassi; Gabriele Rocchetti; Lorenzo Morelli; Biancamaria Senizza; Luigi Lucini; Fabrizio Cappa. A Milk Foodomics Investigation into the Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens Growth under Cold Chain Conditions. Foods 2021, 10, 1173 .
AMA StylePaolo Bellassi, Gabriele Rocchetti, Lorenzo Morelli, Biancamaria Senizza, Luigi Lucini, Fabrizio Cappa. A Milk Foodomics Investigation into the Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens Growth under Cold Chain Conditions. Foods. 2021; 10 (6):1173.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo Bellassi; Gabriele Rocchetti; Lorenzo Morelli; Biancamaria Senizza; Luigi Lucini; Fabrizio Cappa. 2021. "A Milk Foodomics Investigation into the Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens Growth under Cold Chain Conditions." Foods 10, no. 6: 1173.
Despite the scientific evidence supporting their biostimulant activity, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the activity of protein hydrolysates (PHs) and the specificity among different products are still poorly explored. This work tested five different protein hydrolysates, produced from different plant sources using the same enzymatic approach, for their ability to promote rooting in tomato cuttings following quick dipping. Provided that all the different PHs increased root length (45–93%) and some of them increased root number (37–56%), untargeted metabolomics followed by multivariate statistics and pathway analysis were used to unravel the molecular processes at the basis of the biostimulant activity. Distinct metabolomic signatures could be found in roots following the PHs treatments. In general, PHs shaped the phytohormone profile, modulating the complex interaction between cytokinins and auxins, an interplay playing a pivotal role in root development, and triggered a down accumulation of brassinosteroids. Concerning secondary metabolism, PHs induced the accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids, potentially eliciting crop resilience to stress conditions. Here, we confirm that PHs may have a hormone-like activity, and that their application can modulate plant growth, likely interfering with signaling processes. Noteworthy, the heterogenicity of the botanical origin supported the distinctive and peculiar metabolomic responses we observed across the products tested. While supporting their biostimulant activity, these findings suggest that a generalized crop response to PHs cannot be defined and that specific effects are rather to be investigated.
Angela Ceccarelli; Begoña Miras-Moreno; Valentina Buffagni; Biancamaria Senizza; Youry Pii; Mariateresa Cardarelli; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Luigi Lucini. Foliar Application of Different Vegetal-Derived Protein Hydrolysates Distinctively Modulates Tomato Root Development and Metabolism. Plants 2021, 10, 326 .
AMA StyleAngela Ceccarelli, Begoña Miras-Moreno, Valentina Buffagni, Biancamaria Senizza, Youry Pii, Mariateresa Cardarelli, Youssef Rouphael, Giuseppe Colla, Luigi Lucini. Foliar Application of Different Vegetal-Derived Protein Hydrolysates Distinctively Modulates Tomato Root Development and Metabolism. Plants. 2021; 10 (2):326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngela Ceccarelli; Begoña Miras-Moreno; Valentina Buffagni; Biancamaria Senizza; Youry Pii; Mariateresa Cardarelli; Youssef Rouphael; Giuseppe Colla; Luigi Lucini. 2021. "Foliar Application of Different Vegetal-Derived Protein Hydrolysates Distinctively Modulates Tomato Root Development and Metabolism." Plants 10, no. 2: 326.
The study of the relationship between cultivated plants and environmental factors can provide information ranging from a deeper understanding of the plant biological system to the development of more effective management strategies for improving yield, quality, and sustainability of the produce. In this article, we present a comprehensive metabolomics dataset of two phytochemically divergent lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) butterhead varieties under different growing conditions. Plants were cultivated in hydroponics in a growth chamber with ambient control. The pre-harvest factors that were independently investigated were light intensity (two levels), the ionic strength of the nutrient solutions (three levels), and the molar ratio of three macroelements (K, Mg, and Ca) in the nutrient solution (three levels). We used an untargeted, mass-spectrometry-based approach to characterize the metabolomics profiles of leaves harvested 19 days after transplant. The data revealed the ample impact on both primary and secondary metabolism and its range of variation. Moreover, our dataset is useful for uncovering the complex effects of the genotype, the environmental factor(s), and their interaction, which may deserve further investigation.
Giandomenico Corrado; Luigi Lucini; Begoña Miras-Moreno; Leilei Zhang; Biancamaria Senizza; Boris Basile; Youssef Rouphael. Dataset on the Effects of Different Pre-Harvest Factors on the Metabolomics Profile of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Leaves. Data 2020, 5, 119 .
AMA StyleGiandomenico Corrado, Luigi Lucini, Begoña Miras-Moreno, Leilei Zhang, Biancamaria Senizza, Boris Basile, Youssef Rouphael. Dataset on the Effects of Different Pre-Harvest Factors on the Metabolomics Profile of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Leaves. Data. 2020; 5 (4):119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiandomenico Corrado; Luigi Lucini; Begoña Miras-Moreno; Leilei Zhang; Biancamaria Senizza; Boris Basile; Youssef Rouphael. 2020. "Dataset on the Effects of Different Pre-Harvest Factors on the Metabolomics Profile of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Leaves." Data 5, no. 4: 119.
Sub-optimal growing conditions have a major effect on plants; therefore, large efforts are devoted to maximizing the availability of agricultural inputs to crops. To increase the sustainable use of non-renewable inputs, attention is currently given to the study of plants under non-optimal conditions. In this work, we investigated the impact of sub-optimal macrocations availability and light intensity in two lettuce varieties that differ for the accumulation of secondary metabolites (i.e., ‘Red Salanova’ and ‘Green Salanova’). Photosynthesis-related measurements and untargeted metabolomics were used to identify responses and pathways involved in stress resilience. The pigmented (‘Red’) and the non-pigmented (‘Green Salanova’) lettuce exhibited distinctive responses to sub-optimal conditions. The cultivar specific metabolomic signatures comprised a broad modulation of metabolism, including secondary metabolites, phytohormones, and membrane lipids signaling cascade. Several stress-related metabolites were altered by either treatment, including polyamines (and other nitrogen-containing compounds), phenylpropanoids, and lipids. The metabolomics and physiological response to macrocations availability and light intensity also implies that the effects of low-input sustainable farming systems should be evaluated considering a range of cultivar-specific positive and disadvantageous metabolic effects in addition to yield and other socio-economic parameters.
Begoña Miras-Moreno; Giandomenico Corrado; Leilei Zhang; Biancamaria Senizza; Laura Righetti; Renato Bruni; Christophe El-Nakhel; Maria Isabella Sifola; Antonio Pannico; Stefania De Pascale; Youssef Rouphael; Luigi Lucini. The Metabolic Reprogramming Induced by Sub-optimal Nutritional and Light Inputs in Soilless Cultivated Green and Red Butterhead Lettuce. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 6381 .
AMA StyleBegoña Miras-Moreno, Giandomenico Corrado, Leilei Zhang, Biancamaria Senizza, Laura Righetti, Renato Bruni, Christophe El-Nakhel, Maria Isabella Sifola, Antonio Pannico, Stefania De Pascale, Youssef Rouphael, Luigi Lucini. The Metabolic Reprogramming Induced by Sub-optimal Nutritional and Light Inputs in Soilless Cultivated Green and Red Butterhead Lettuce. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (17):6381.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBegoña Miras-Moreno; Giandomenico Corrado; Leilei Zhang; Biancamaria Senizza; Laura Righetti; Renato Bruni; Christophe El-Nakhel; Maria Isabella Sifola; Antonio Pannico; Stefania De Pascale; Youssef Rouphael; Luigi Lucini. 2020. "The Metabolic Reprogramming Induced by Sub-optimal Nutritional and Light Inputs in Soilless Cultivated Green and Red Butterhead Lettuce." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17: 6381.
Considering that functional components of plant foods are mainly secondary-metabolism products, we investigated the shaping of health-promoting compounds in hydroponically grown butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) as a function of the strength of the nutrient solution utilized. To this aim, untargeted metabolomics profiling, in vitro antioxidant capacity (total phenolics, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays), and the inhibition of selected enzyme activities were investigated in two butterhead lettuce cultivars with different pigmentation, i.e., green and red Salanova. Full-strength nutrition, together with half- and quarter-strength solutions of macronutrients, was tested. Our results indicate that by reducing the nutrients strength, we could elicit a distinctive shaping of the phenolic profile of lettuce. It is noteworthy that only specific classes of phenolics (namely, lignans and phenolic acids, followed by flavones and anthocyanins) were modulated by the induction of nutritional eustress (fold-change values in the range between −5 and +11). This indicates that specific responses, rather than a generalized induction of phenolic compounds, could be observed. Nonetheless, a genotype-dependent response could be observed, with the red cultivar being much more responsive to nutritional deprivation than the green Salanova lettuce. Indeed, analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed a genotype x nutrition interaction in red Salanova (p < 0.001). As a consequence of the changes in phenolic composition, also the antioxidant capacity (p < 0.001) and amylase inhibition (p < 0.001) properties were affected by the growing conditions. However, the effect on cholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibition was poorly affected by the nutritional strength. Provided that yields are not compromised, the application of a controlled nutritional eustress in hydroponically cultivated lettuce may represent a valuable strategy to produce food with tailored functional features in a sustainable manner.
Biancamaria Senizza; Leilei Zhang; Begoña Miras-Moreno; Laura Righetti; Gokhan Zengin; Gunes Ak; Renato Bruni; Luigi Lucini; Maria Isabella Sifola; Christophe El-Nakhel; Giandomenico Corrado; Youssef Rouphael. The Strength of the Nutrient Solution Modulates the Functional Profile of Hydroponically Grown Lettuce in a Genotype-Dependent Manner. Foods 2020, 9, 1156 .
AMA StyleBiancamaria Senizza, Leilei Zhang, Begoña Miras-Moreno, Laura Righetti, Gokhan Zengin, Gunes Ak, Renato Bruni, Luigi Lucini, Maria Isabella Sifola, Christophe El-Nakhel, Giandomenico Corrado, Youssef Rouphael. The Strength of the Nutrient Solution Modulates the Functional Profile of Hydroponically Grown Lettuce in a Genotype-Dependent Manner. Foods. 2020; 9 (9):1156.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiancamaria Senizza; Leilei Zhang; Begoña Miras-Moreno; Laura Righetti; Gokhan Zengin; Gunes Ak; Renato Bruni; Luigi Lucini; Maria Isabella Sifola; Christophe El-Nakhel; Giandomenico Corrado; Youssef Rouphael. 2020. "The Strength of the Nutrient Solution Modulates the Functional Profile of Hydroponically Grown Lettuce in a Genotype-Dependent Manner." Foods 9, no. 9: 1156.
In this work, the phytochemical profile and the biological properties of Colchicum triphyllum (an unexplored Turkish cultivar belonging to Colchicaceae) have been comprehensively investigated for the first time. Herein, we focused on the evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of flower, tuber, and leaf extracts, obtained using different extraction methods, namely maceration (both aqueous and methanolic), infusion, and Soxhlet. Besides, the complete phenolic and alkaloid untargeted metabolomic profiling of the different extracts was investigated. In this regard, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) allowed us to putatively annotate 285 compounds when considering the different matrix extracts, including mainly alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, phenolic acids, and tyrosol equivalents. The most abundant polyphenols were flavonoids (119 compounds), while colchicine, demecolcine, and lumicolchicine isomers were some of the most widespread alkaloids in each extract analyzed. In addition, our findings showed that C. triphyllum tuber extracts were a superior source of both total alkaloids and total polyphenols, being on average 2.89 and 10.41 mg/g, respectively. Multivariate statistics following metabolomics allowed for the detection of those compounds most affected by the different extraction methods. Overall, C. triphyllum leaf extracts showed a strong in vitro antioxidant capacity, in terms of cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC; on average 96.45 mg Trolox Equivalents (TE)/g) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing power (on average 66.86 mg TE/g). Interestingly, each C. triphyllum methanolic extract analyzed (i.e., from tuber, leaf, and flower) was active against the tyrosinase in terms of inhibition, recording the higher values for methanolic macerated leaves (i.e., 125.78 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g). On the other hand, moderate inhibitory activities were observed against AChE and α-amylase. Strong correlations (p < 0.01) were also observed between the phytochemical profiles and the biological activities determined. Therefore, our findings highlighted, for the first time, the potential of C. triphhyllum extracts in food and pharmaceutical applications.
Biancamaria Senizza; Gabriele Rocchetti; Murat Ali Okur; Gokhan Zengin; Evren Yıldıztugay; Gunes Ak; Domenico Montesano; Luigi Lucini. Phytochemical Profile and Biological Properties of Colchicum triphyllum (Meadow Saffron). Foods 2020, 9, 457 .
AMA StyleBiancamaria Senizza, Gabriele Rocchetti, Murat Ali Okur, Gokhan Zengin, Evren Yıldıztugay, Gunes Ak, Domenico Montesano, Luigi Lucini. Phytochemical Profile and Biological Properties of Colchicum triphyllum (Meadow Saffron). Foods. 2020; 9 (4):457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiancamaria Senizza; Gabriele Rocchetti; Murat Ali Okur; Gokhan Zengin; Evren Yıldıztugay; Gunes Ak; Domenico Montesano; Luigi Lucini. 2020. "Phytochemical Profile and Biological Properties of Colchicum triphyllum (Meadow Saffron)." Foods 9, no. 4: 457.
In this work, different commercial extra-virgin olive oils (EVOO) were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and the changes in bioactive compounds were evaluated by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, using untargeted metabolomics. As expected, raw EVOO samples were abundant in total sterols (on average: 3007.4 mg equivalents/kg) and tyrosol equivalents (on average: 334.1 mg equivalents/kg). However, the UHPLC-QTOF screening allowed us to annotate 309 compounds, with a large abundance of sterols (219 compounds), followed by polyphenols (67 compounds) and terpenoids. The in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was found to affect the phytochemical composition of the different EVOO samples. In particular, both unsupervised and supervised statistics depicted the modifications of the bioactive profile following gastric and pancreatic phases. Overall, the compounds which resulted as the most affected by the in vitro digestion were flavonoids (cyanidin and luteolin equivalents), whilst relatively high % bioaccessibility values were recorded for tyrosol equivalents during the pancreatic phase (on average, 66%). In this regard, oleuropein-aglycone (i.e., the major phenolic compound in EVOO) was converted to hydroxytyrosol, moving from an average value of 1.3 (prior to the in vitro digestion) up to 9.7 mg equivalents/kg during the pancreatic step. As proposed in the literature, the increase in hydroxytyrosol might be the result of the combined effect of lipase(s) activity and acidic conditions. Taken together, the present findings corroborate the suitability of untargeted metabolomics coupled to in vitro digestion methods to investigate the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds. In this regard, a significant impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on polyphenolic profiles has been detected, thus suggesting the need to account for actual bioaccessibility values rather than just considering the amounts in the raw commodity.
Gabriele Rocchetti; Biancamaria Senizza; Gianluca Giuberti; Domenico Montesano; Marco Trevisan; Luigi Lucini. Metabolomic Study to Evaluate the Transformations of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil’s Antioxidant Phytochemicals during In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 302 .
AMA StyleGabriele Rocchetti, Biancamaria Senizza, Gianluca Giuberti, Domenico Montesano, Marco Trevisan, Luigi Lucini. Metabolomic Study to Evaluate the Transformations of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil’s Antioxidant Phytochemicals during In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (4):302.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabriele Rocchetti; Biancamaria Senizza; Gianluca Giuberti; Domenico Montesano; Marco Trevisan; Luigi Lucini. 2020. "Metabolomic Study to Evaluate the Transformations of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil’s Antioxidant Phytochemicals during In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion." Antioxidants 9, no. 4: 302.
Like other members of the Colchicum genus, C. szovitsii subsp. szovitsii is also of medicinal importance in Turkish traditional medicine. However, its biological properties have not been fully investigated. Herein, we focused on the evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of flower, root and leaf extracts, obtained using different extraction methods. In addition, a comprehensive (poly)-phenolic and alkaloid profiling of the different extracts was undertaken. In this regard, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) allowed us to putatively annotate 195 polyphenols and 87 alkaloids. The most abundant polyphenols were flavonoids (83 compounds), whilst colchicine and 2-demethylcolchicine were some of the most widespread alkaloids in each extract analyzed. However, our findings showed that C. szovitsii leaf extracts were a superior source of both total polyphenols and total alkaloids (being, on average 24.00 and 2.50 mg/g, respectively). Overall, methanolic leaf extracts showed the highest (p < 0.05) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing power (on average 109.52 mgTE/g) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging (on average 90.98 mgTE/g). Interestingly, each C. szovitsii methanolic extract was more active than the water extracts when considering enzymatic inhibition such as against tyrosinase, glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Strong correlations (p < 0.01) were also observed between polyphenols/alkaloids and the biological activities determined. Multivariate statistics based on supervised orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) allowed for the detection of those compounds most affected by the different extraction methods. Therefore, this is the first detailed evidence showing that C. szovitsii subsp. szovitsii might provide beneficial effects against oxidative stress and the associated chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms of action need to be further investigated.
Gabriele Rocchetti; Biancamaria Senizza; Gokhan Zengin; Murat Ali Okur; Domenico Montesano; Evren Yildiztugay; Devina Lobine; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally; Luigi Lucini. Chemical Profiling and Biological Properties of Extracts from Different Parts of Colchicum Szovitsii Subsp. Szovitsii. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 632 .
AMA StyleGabriele Rocchetti, Biancamaria Senizza, Gokhan Zengin, Murat Ali Okur, Domenico Montesano, Evren Yildiztugay, Devina Lobine, Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally, Luigi Lucini. Chemical Profiling and Biological Properties of Extracts from Different Parts of Colchicum Szovitsii Subsp. Szovitsii. Antioxidants. 2019; 8 (12):632.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabriele Rocchetti; Biancamaria Senizza; Gokhan Zengin; Murat Ali Okur; Domenico Montesano; Evren Yildiztugay; Devina Lobine; Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally; Luigi Lucini. 2019. "Chemical Profiling and Biological Properties of Extracts from Different Parts of Colchicum Szovitsii Subsp. Szovitsii." Antioxidants 8, no. 12: 632.