The easy and rapid analytical tool, electrochemically polymerized (EP) glycine (GN) layered carbon paste electrode (LCPE), was used for the analysis of levofloxacin (LN) using cyclic voltammogram (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The surface features and activities of the electrochemical sensors EPGNLCPE and bare carbon paste electrode (BCPE) were analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), CV and DPV methods. The modified sensor (EPGNLCPE)offers a vibrant and sensitive electrochemical LN oxidation peak by controlling overpotential and the electrode material fouling effect unlike BCPE. Under improved experimental conditions, the DPV method was used to analyze LN on EPGNLCPE by varying its concentration in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution from 30 to 90 µM, resulting in a good linear relationship(between peak current and concentration), lower limit of detection (LOD: 8.436 × 10⁻⁷ M) and lower limit of quantification (LOQ: 2.812 × 10⁻⁶ M). Finally, real-time application of the sensor was tested by analyzing LN in medicinal samples, and good LN recovery was observed.

Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Na-ion batteries (SIBs) are deemed green and efficient electrochemical energy storage and generation devices; meanwhile, acquiring a competent anode remains a serious challenge. Herein, the density-functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the performance of V₄C₃ MXene as an anode for LIBs and SIBs. The results predict the outstanding electrical conductivity when Li/Na is loaded on V₄C₃. Both Li_2xV₄C₃ and Na_2xV₄C₃ (x = 0.125, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) showed expected low-average open-circuit voltages of 0.38 V and 0.14 V, respectively, along with a good Li/Na storage capacity of (223 mAhg⁻¹) and a good cycling performance. Furthermore, there was a low diffusion barrier of 0.048 eV for Li_0.0625V₄C₃ and 0.023 eV for Na_0.0625V₄C₃, implying the prompt intercalation/extraction of Li/Na. Based on the findings of the current study, V₄C₃-based materials may be utilized as an anode for Li/Na-ion batteries in future applications.

Ti₃C₂-MXene material, known for its strong electronic conductivity and optical properties, has emerged as a promising alternative to noble metals as a cocatalyst for the development of efficient photocatalysts used in environmental cleanup. In this study, we investigated the photodegradation of crystal-violet (CV) dye when exposed to UV light using a newly developed photocatalyst known as Ti₃C₂-MXene/NiO nanocomposite-decorated CsPbI₃ perovskite, which was synthesized through a hydrothermal method. Our research investigation into the structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of the Ti₃C₂-MXene/NiO/CsPbI₃ composite using techniques such as FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM–EDS mapping, XPS, UV–Vis, and PL spectroscopy. The photocatalytic efficacy of the Ti₃C₂-MXene/NiO/CsPbI₃ composite was assessed by evaluating its ability to degrade CV dye in an aqueous solution under UV-light irradiation. Remarkably, the Ti₃C₂-MXene/NiO/CsPbI₃ composite displayed a significant improvement in both the degradation rate and stability of CV dye when compared to the Ti₃C₂-MXene/NiO nanocomposite and CsPbI₃ perovskite materials. Furthermore, the UV–visible absorption spectrum of the Ti₃C₂-MXene/NiO/CsPbI₃ composite demonstrated a reduced band gap of 2.41 eV, which is lower than that of Ti₃C₂-MXene/NiO (3.10 eV) and Ti₃C₂-MXene (1.60 eV). In practical terms, the Ti₃C₂-MXene/NiO/CsPbI₃ composite achieved an impressive 92.8% degradation of CV dye within 90 min of UV light exposure. We also confirmed the significant role of photogenerated holes and radicals in the CV dye removal process through radical scavenger trapping experiments. Based on our findings, we proposed a plausible photocatalytic mechanism for the Ti₃C₂-MXene/NiO/CsPbI₃ composite. This research may open up new avenues for the development of cost-effective and high-performance MXene-based perovskite photocatalysts, utilizing abundant and sustainable materials for environmental remediation.

Rutin (RU) is one of the best-known natural antioxidants with various physiological functions in the human body and other plant species. In this work, an efficient voltammetric sensor to detect RU in food samples was explicated using a poly (glutamic acid)-modified graphene paste electrode (PGAMGPE). In order to detect RU, the proposed sensor diminishes material resistance and overpotential while increasing kinetic rate, peak currents, and material conductance. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), the analysing efficiency of a PGAMGPE and a Bare graphene paste electrode (BGPE) was evaluated in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) at an ideal pH of 6.5. in a potential window of −0.25 V to 0.6 V. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to analyse the prepared electrode materials’ conductivity, charge transfer resistance, and the kinetics of electron transport. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images were considered to compare the exterior morphology of the PGAMGPE and the BGPE. It was discovered that the PGAMGPE and the BGPE have electroactive surfaces of 0.062 cm² and 0.04 cm², respectively. It was determined that two protons and two electrons participated in the redox process. The resultant limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.04 µM and 0.06 µM, respectively, using DPV and CV methods. In spite of common interferents such as metal ions and chemical species, the developed sensor’s selectivity for RU detection was impressive. For the simultaneous analysis of RU in the presence of caffeine (CF), the PGAMGPE affords a good electrochemical nature for RU with good selectivity. Due to the good stability, repeatability, reproducibility, and ease of use of the present RU sensor, it is useful for real sample analysis such as food and medicinal samples with recovery ranging from 94 to 100%.

The development of cost-effective and ecofriendly approaches toward water purification and antibacterial activity is a hot research topic in this era. Purposely, strontium-doped zinc selenide (Sr-doped ZnSe) nanoparticles, with different molar ratios of Sr²⁺ cations (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1), were prepared via the co-precipitation method, in which sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) and 2-mercaptoethanol were employed as reducing and stabilizing agents, respectively. The ZnSe cubic structure expanded by Sr²⁺ cations was indicated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The absorption of the chemical compounds on the surface was observed via Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The optical orientation was measured by ultraviolet–visible diffused reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) analysis. The surface area, morphology, and elemental purity were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. The oxidation state and valency of the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sr-doped ZnSe nanoparticles were investigated for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO), and their antibacterial potential was investigated against different bacterial strains. The antibacterial activity examined against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli implied the excellent biological activity of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the Sr-doped ZnSe nanoparticles were evaluated by the successful degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. Therefore, Sr-doped ZnSe nanoparticles have tremendous potential in biological and water remediation fields.

Cost-effective, clean, highly transparent, and flexible as well as a coatable packaging material is envisioned to solve or at least mitigate quality preservation issues of organic materials, originating from moisture interaction under ambient conditions. Liquid phase processing of packaging coatings using nano-clay and polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) has been developed and reported. Detailed analysis of the developed coating revealed moisture permeability of 2.8 × 10⁻² g·cm/m²·day at 40 °C and 85% relative humidity (RH), which is in close accordance with Bharadwaj’s theoretical permeability model. Moreover, the developed coatings are not only more than 90% transparent, when exposed to white light, but also exhibit excellent flexibility and even after going through 10,000 bending cycles maintained the same blocking effect against moisture.