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Cátia Leitão
Physics Department & I3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

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Review
Published: 30 August 2021 in Biosensors
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The evolution of optical fiber technology has revolutionized a variety of fields, from optical transmission to environmental monitoring and biomedicine, given their unique properties and versatility. For biosensing purposes, the light guided in the fiber core is exposed to the surrounding media where the analytes of interest are detected by different techniques, according to the optical fiber configuration and biofunctionalization strategy employed. These configurations differ in manufacturing complexity, cost and overall performance. The biofunctionalization strategies can be carried out directly on bare fibers or on coated fibers. The former relies on interactions between the evanescent wave (EW) of the fiber and the analyte of interest, whereas the latter can comprise plasmonic methods such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR), both originating from the interaction between light and metal surface electrons. This review presents the basics of optical fiber immunosensors for a broad audience as well as the more recent research trends on the topic. Several optical fiber configurations used for biosensing applications are highlighted, namely uncladded, U-shape, D-shape, tapered, end-face reflected, fiber gratings and special optical fibers, alongside practical application examples. Furthermore, EW, SPR, LSPR and biofunctionalization strategies, as well as the most recent advances and applications of immunosensors, are also covered. Finally, the main challenges and an outlook over the future direction of the field is presented.

ACS Style

Maria Simone Soares; Miguel Vidal; Nuno F. Santos; Florinda M. Costa; Carlos Marques; Sónia O. Pereira; Cátia Leitão. Immunosensing Based on Optical Fiber Technology: Recent Advances. Biosensors 2021, 11, 305 .

AMA Style

Maria Simone Soares, Miguel Vidal, Nuno F. Santos, Florinda M. Costa, Carlos Marques, Sónia O. Pereira, Cátia Leitão. Immunosensing Based on Optical Fiber Technology: Recent Advances. Biosensors. 2021; 11 (9):305.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Simone Soares; Miguel Vidal; Nuno F. Santos; Florinda M. Costa; Carlos Marques; Sónia O. Pereira; Cátia Leitão. 2021. "Immunosensing Based on Optical Fiber Technology: Recent Advances." Biosensors 11, no. 9: 305.

P38 therapeutics and clinical trials
Published: 01 April 2021 in Journal of Hypertension
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Objective: This review aims to determine the effects of exercise training on arterial stiffness, namely Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV), in patients with hypertension. The identification of possible moderator variables of the effect of exercise on PWV was defined as a secondary objective. Design and Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42019138658), MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science were searched up until July 2019. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of exercise interventions lasting 4 or more weeks on PWV in (pre)hypertensive subjects were included. The standardized mean difference between the pre-post of the intervention group versus the control group was calculated for PWV using the Cohen's d index as the effect size statistic. The type of exercise, PWV assessment site, use of medication, baseline PWV and study quality assessment score were used to perform subgroup analysis. Design and method: Fourteen trials, involving 15 exercise groups (5 aerobic, 2 dynamic resistance, 6 combined, and 2 isometric resistance groups), totaling 694 subjects with pre- and hypertension (374 exercise). Exercise program duration ranged from 4 to 26 weeks, with a mean duration of 13.1 ± 6.1 weeks. The overall effect size showed statistically significant differences in PWV [(d (95% CI) = 1.35 (0.72, 1.98)] in favor of the exercise group. Aerobic exercise [d (95% CI) = 1.93 (0.31, 3.55)], combined exercise [d (95% CI) = 0.79 (0.09, 1.49)] and isometric resistance exercise [d (95% CI) = 2.23 (1.66, 2.81)] reduced PWV for the exercise group when compared to the control group. There was no significant reduction in PWV in subjects undertaking dynamic resistance training [d (95% CI) = 0.69 (-2.32, 3.69)]. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the positive effects of exercise training on PWV are independent of medication use, PWV assessment site, study quality assessment score and baseline PWV, although higher baseline PWV values presented a more significant reduction with exercise. Results: Aerobic, combined and isometric resistance exercise significantly decreased PWV in (pre)hypertensive patients. Despite the small number of studies, data from the isometric resistance exercise has the potential for the largest reductions in PWV.

ACS Style

Susana Lopes; Vera Afreixo; Manuel Teixeira; Catarina Garcia; C. Leitao; Marisol Gouveia; Alberto J. Alves; José Oliveira; José Mesquita-Bastos; Fernando Ribeiro. EFFECTS OF EXERCISE TRAINING ON ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Journal of Hypertension 2021, 39, e371 .

AMA Style

Susana Lopes, Vera Afreixo, Manuel Teixeira, Catarina Garcia, C. Leitao, Marisol Gouveia, Alberto J. Alves, José Oliveira, José Mesquita-Bastos, Fernando Ribeiro. EFFECTS OF EXERCISE TRAINING ON ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Journal of Hypertension. 2021; 39 (Supplement):e371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susana Lopes; Vera Afreixo; Manuel Teixeira; Catarina Garcia; C. Leitao; Marisol Gouveia; Alberto J. Alves; José Oliveira; José Mesquita-Bastos; Fernando Ribeiro. 2021. "EFFECTS OF EXERCISE TRAINING ON ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS." Journal of Hypertension 39, no. Supplement: e371.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2020 in Optics Letters
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ACS Style

Arnaldo Leal-Junior; Letícia Avellar; Anselmo Frizera Neto; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques; C. Leitao. Polymer optical fibers for mechanical wave monitoring. Optics Letters 2020, 45, 5057 .

AMA Style

Arnaldo Leal-Junior, Letícia Avellar, Anselmo Frizera Neto, Paulo Antunes, Carlos Marques, C. Leitao. Polymer optical fibers for mechanical wave monitoring. Optics Letters. 2020; 45 (18):5057.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arnaldo Leal-Junior; Letícia Avellar; Anselmo Frizera Neto; Paulo Antunes; Carlos Marques; C. Leitao. 2020. "Polymer optical fibers for mechanical wave monitoring." Optics Letters 45, no. 18: 5057.

Review
Published: 24 August 2020 in IEEE Access
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In the last decades, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have become increasingly attractive to medical applications due to their unique properties such as small size, biocompatibility, immunity to electromagnetic interferences, high sensitivity and multiplexing capability. FBGs have been employed in the development of surgical tools, assistive devices, wearables, and biosensors, showing great potentialities for medical uses. This paper reviews the FBG-based measuring systems, their principle of work, and their applications in medicine and healthcare. Particular attention is given to sensing solutions for biomechanics, minimally invasive surgery, physiological monitoring, and medical biosensing. Strengths, weaknesses, open challenges, and future trends are also discussed to highlight how FBGs can meet the demands of nextgeneration medical devices and healthcare system.

ACS Style

Daniela Lo Presti; Carlo Massaroni; Catia Sofia Jorge Leitao; Maria De Fatima Domingues; Marzhan Sypabekova; David Barrera; Ignazio Floris; Luca Massari; Calogero Maria Oddo; Salvador Sales; Iulian Ioan Iordachita; Daniele Tosi; Emiliano Schena. Fiber Bragg Gratings for Medical Applications and Future Challenges: A Review. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 156863 -156888.

AMA Style

Daniela Lo Presti, Carlo Massaroni, Catia Sofia Jorge Leitao, Maria De Fatima Domingues, Marzhan Sypabekova, David Barrera, Ignazio Floris, Luca Massari, Calogero Maria Oddo, Salvador Sales, Iulian Ioan Iordachita, Daniele Tosi, Emiliano Schena. Fiber Bragg Gratings for Medical Applications and Future Challenges: A Review. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):156863-156888.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniela Lo Presti; Carlo Massaroni; Catia Sofia Jorge Leitao; Maria De Fatima Domingues; Marzhan Sypabekova; David Barrera; Ignazio Floris; Luca Massari; Calogero Maria Oddo; Salvador Sales; Iulian Ioan Iordachita; Daniele Tosi; Emiliano Schena. 2020. "Fiber Bragg Gratings for Medical Applications and Future Challenges: A Review." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 156863-156888.

Book chapter
Published: 24 April 2019 in Applications of Optical Fibers for Sensing
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Nowadays, the fast advances in sensing technologies and ubiquitous wireless networking are reflected in medical practice. It provides new healthcare advantages under the scope of e-Health applications, enhancing life quality of citizens. The increase of life expectancy of current population comes with its challenges and growing health risks, which include locomotive problems. Such impairments and its rehabilitation require a close monitoring and continuous evaluation, which add financial burdens on an already overloaded healthcare system. Analysis of body movements and gait pattern can help in the rehabilitation of such problems. These monitoring systems should be noninvasive and comfortable, in order to not jeopardize the mobility and the day-to-day activities of citizens. The use of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as e-Health enablers has presented itself as a new topic to be investigated, exploiting the FBGs’ advantages over its electronic counterparts. Although gait analysis has been widely assessed, the use of FBGs in biomechanics and rehabilitation is recent, with a wide field of applications. This chapter provides a review of the application of FBGs for gait analysis monitoring, namely its use in topics such as the monitoring of plantar pressure, angle, and torsion and its integration in rehabilitation exoskeletons and for prosthetic control.

ACS Style

Maria De Fátima Domingues; Cátia Tavares; Tiago Leite; Nélia Alberto; C. Leitao; Carlos Marques; Ayman Radwan; Eduardo Rocon; Paulo Antunes; Paulo André. Fiber Bragg Gratings as e-Health Enablers: An Overview for Gait Analysis Applications. Applications of Optical Fibers for Sensing 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Maria De Fátima Domingues, Cátia Tavares, Tiago Leite, Nélia Alberto, C. Leitao, Carlos Marques, Ayman Radwan, Eduardo Rocon, Paulo Antunes, Paulo André. Fiber Bragg Gratings as e-Health Enablers: An Overview for Gait Analysis Applications. Applications of Optical Fibers for Sensing. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria De Fátima Domingues; Cátia Tavares; Tiago Leite; Nélia Alberto; C. Leitao; Carlos Marques; Ayman Radwan; Eduardo Rocon; Paulo Antunes; Paulo André. 2019. "Fiber Bragg Gratings as e-Health Enablers: An Overview for Gait Analysis Applications." Applications of Optical Fibers for Sensing , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2019 in Electronics
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Internet of things (IoT) devices heavily rely on wireless connectivity. There are intrinsic overlooked limitations such as reach, availability, security and safety vulnerabilities closely associated with wireless solutions. Wired connectivity is the alternative to tackle those issues, and optical fibers directly connecting IoT devices could provide them unique features such as huge bandwidth, long reach, signal integrity and high security grade for the transmitted information. Nevertheless, it can be prohibitive for IoT devices which are power hungry and have costly electrical-to-optical conversions. In this paper, first, a niche is identified for IoT over fiber (IoToF) based on fully passive optical solutions for long reach upstream of low data rate optical connectivity over dark fibers. Then, we proposed, implemented and characterized a prototype physical connectivity (PHY) based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) low-cost acousto-optic modulation at IoT devices and respective optical edge-filtering as wavelength discriminator at the receiver. Finally, we performed an experimental demonstration of upstream data communication based on simple M-ary frequency-shift keying (FSK), with baud rate of 300 bps transmitted over 30 km range. In terms of data rate and reach for niche applications, IoToF can outperform traditional wireless technologies, such as Sigfox or LoRa. IoToF will enable monitoring urban areas with scarce and polluted spectrum, industrial areas requiring intrinsic safety, and upstreaming data from IoT devices in remote locations with unfavorable wireless propagation but with dark fibers available.

ACS Style

Camilo A. R. Díaz; Cátia Leitão; Carlos A. Marques; Nélia Alberto; M. Fátima Domingues; Tiago Ribeiro; Maria J. Pontes; Anselmo Frizera; Paulo F.C. Antunes; Paulo S. André; Moisés R.N. Ribeiro. IoToF: A Long-Reach Fully Passive Low-Rate Upstream PHY for IoT over Fiber. Electronics 2019, 8, 359 .

AMA Style

Camilo A. R. Díaz, Cátia Leitão, Carlos A. Marques, Nélia Alberto, M. Fátima Domingues, Tiago Ribeiro, Maria J. Pontes, Anselmo Frizera, Paulo F.C. Antunes, Paulo S. André, Moisés R.N. Ribeiro. IoToF: A Long-Reach Fully Passive Low-Rate Upstream PHY for IoT over Fiber. Electronics. 2019; 8 (3):359.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Camilo A. R. Díaz; Cátia Leitão; Carlos A. Marques; Nélia Alberto; M. Fátima Domingues; Tiago Ribeiro; Maria J. Pontes; Anselmo Frizera; Paulo F.C. Antunes; Paulo S. André; Moisés R.N. Ribeiro. 2019. "IoToF: A Long-Reach Fully Passive Low-Rate Upstream PHY for IoT over Fiber." Electronics 8, no. 3: 359.

Conference abstract
Published: 04 December 2018 in Artery Research
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ACS Style

Jose Bastos; Susana Lopes; Catarina Garcia; Verónica Ribau; Susana Bertoquini; Cátia Leitão; P. Ribeiro Ilda; Daniela Figueiredo; L. Viana João; Fernando Ribeiro; Jorge Polónia. P154 DOES THE METHOD OF THE MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE CORRELATES DIFFERENTLY WITH PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN RESISTANT HYPERTENSION? Artery Research 2018, 24, 124 -125.

AMA Style

Jose Bastos, Susana Lopes, Catarina Garcia, Verónica Ribau, Susana Bertoquini, Cátia Leitão, P. Ribeiro Ilda, Daniela Figueiredo, L. Viana João, Fernando Ribeiro, Jorge Polónia. P154 DOES THE METHOD OF THE MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE CORRELATES DIFFERENTLY WITH PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN RESISTANT HYPERTENSION? Artery Research. 2018; 24 (C):124-125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose Bastos; Susana Lopes; Catarina Garcia; Verónica Ribau; Susana Bertoquini; Cátia Leitão; P. Ribeiro Ilda; Daniela Figueiredo; L. Viana João; Fernando Ribeiro; Jorge Polónia. 2018. "P154 DOES THE METHOD OF THE MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE CORRELATES DIFFERENTLY WITH PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN RESISTANT HYPERTENSION?" Artery Research 24, no. C: 124-125.

Conference abstract
Published: 04 December 2018 in Artery Research
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ACS Style

Catarina Garcia; Susana Lopes; Susana Bertoquini; Verónica Ribau; Cátia Leitão; Daniela Figueiredo; Ilda P Ribeiro; Joana Barbosa De Melo; João L Viana; Jose Bastos; Jorge Polónia; Fernando Ribeiro; Alberto J Alves. P121 ASSOCIATION OF CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS WITH ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN RESISTANT HYPERTENSION PATIENTS. Artery Research 2018, 24, 114 .

AMA Style

Catarina Garcia, Susana Lopes, Susana Bertoquini, Verónica Ribau, Cátia Leitão, Daniela Figueiredo, Ilda P Ribeiro, Joana Barbosa De Melo, João L Viana, Jose Bastos, Jorge Polónia, Fernando Ribeiro, Alberto J Alves. P121 ASSOCIATION OF CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS WITH ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN RESISTANT HYPERTENSION PATIENTS. Artery Research. 2018; 24 (C):114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catarina Garcia; Susana Lopes; Susana Bertoquini; Verónica Ribau; Cátia Leitão; Daniela Figueiredo; Ilda P Ribeiro; Joana Barbosa De Melo; João L Viana; Jose Bastos; Jorge Polónia; Fernando Ribeiro; Alberto J Alves. 2018. "P121 ASSOCIATION OF CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS WITH ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN RESISTANT HYPERTENSION PATIENTS." Artery Research 24, no. C: 114.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2018 in Journal of Lightwave Technology
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Measurement of torque or twist angle, and mechanical bending is important in several fields such as structural health monitoring, movement analysis, robotics instrumentation and mechanical systems in general. Several optical fiber sensors have been already proposed to measure these parameters separately. However, their high cost interrogation systems are the main drawback for their large commercial application. Distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) allows to overcome this issue, since its inherent heterodyne behavior leads to interrogation schemes in the frequency domain instead optical domain reducing significantly the interrogation systems cost. In this context, this paper presents a DBR to measure twist angle up to 180°. The enhancement of twist sensitivity by bending-induced birefringence is analytically and experimentally demonstrated achieving a value of -2.95 MHz/rad. With a constant bending angle of 20° a twist sensitivity of -32.73 MHz/rad is achieved, which represents a enhancing sensitivity by a factor of ∼7, when compared to some DBR sensor configurations reported in literature.

ACS Style

Camilo A. R. Diaz; Arnaldo Gomes Leal Junior; Carlos Marques; Catia Leitao; Paulo S. De Brito Andre; Paulo F. C. Antunes; Maria Jose Pontes; Anselmo Frizera Neto; Moises R. N. Ribeiro. Combined Bending and Torsion Sensing by Induced Birefringence in Distributed Bragg Reflector Laser. Journal of Lightwave Technology 2018, 37, 861 -867.

AMA Style

Camilo A. R. Diaz, Arnaldo Gomes Leal Junior, Carlos Marques, Catia Leitao, Paulo S. De Brito Andre, Paulo F. C. Antunes, Maria Jose Pontes, Anselmo Frizera Neto, Moises R. N. Ribeiro. Combined Bending and Torsion Sensing by Induced Birefringence in Distributed Bragg Reflector Laser. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2018; 37 (3):861-867.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Camilo A. R. Diaz; Arnaldo Gomes Leal Junior; Carlos Marques; Catia Leitao; Paulo S. De Brito Andre; Paulo F. C. Antunes; Maria Jose Pontes; Anselmo Frizera Neto; Moises R. N. Ribeiro. 2018. "Combined Bending and Torsion Sensing by Induced Birefringence in Distributed Bragg Reflector Laser." Journal of Lightwave Technology 37, no. 3: 861-867.

Full paper
Published: 12 November 2018 in Advanced Functional Materials
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Laser‐induced graphene (LIG) can be obtained by irradiation of a polymer by a laser source. The present work demonstrates that it is possible to obtain this kind of material using an ultraviolet laser instead of the typical infrared source. Using this approach, a fourfold decrease in the penetration depth (5 µm) is achieved, while the spatial resolution is doubled. Electromechanical strain LIG sensors are patterned in polyimide substrates with different thicknesses and their performance to strain, bending, and force inputs is measured. A low‐cost arterial pulse wave monitor is built, exploring the high force sensitivity of the sensors produced on the thinner substrates.

ACS Style

Alexandre F. Carvalho; António J. S. Fernandes; C. Leitao; Jonas Deuermeier; Ana Marques; Rodrigo Martins; Elvira Fortunato; Florinda M. Costa. Laser-Induced Graphene Strain Sensors Produced by Ultraviolet Irradiation of Polyimide. Advanced Functional Materials 2018, 28, 1 .

AMA Style

Alexandre F. Carvalho, António J. S. Fernandes, C. Leitao, Jonas Deuermeier, Ana Marques, Rodrigo Martins, Elvira Fortunato, Florinda M. Costa. Laser-Induced Graphene Strain Sensors Produced by Ultraviolet Irradiation of Polyimide. Advanced Functional Materials. 2018; 28 (52):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandre F. Carvalho; António J. S. Fernandes; C. Leitao; Jonas Deuermeier; Ana Marques; Rodrigo Martins; Elvira Fortunato; Florinda M. Costa. 2018. "Laser-Induced Graphene Strain Sensors Produced by Ultraviolet Irradiation of Polyimide." Advanced Functional Materials 28, no. 52: 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2018 in IEEE Sensors Journal
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This paper presents a polymer optical fiber (POF) based sensor system for smart walker (SW) instrumentation. The system comprises an oximetry sensor working in reflectance mode, which is embedded in a 3D printed handle for the SW. In addition, there is also a POF-based smart textile that can be integrated in the users’ clothes and is placed on their chest. In this case, the smart textile can detect the displacement caused by the respiration, vibration due to heartbeat and bending induced in the gait. Results show that the proposed sensor system can detect the oxygen saturation, breathing rate, gait cadence and heart rate with errors of about 1 %. In addition, it is proposed an architecture for the SW in which the POF-based sensor system can be applied not only for remote healthcare applications, but also as sensor feedback in cloud robotics for some control paradigms for human-robot interaction. Furthermore, the proposed instrumentation presents the possibility of novel SW control, where the health conditions of the user are considered in the human-robot interaction.

ACS Style

Arnaldo G. Leal-Junior; Camilo R. Diaz; Mario F. Jimenez; Catia Leitao; Carlos Marques; Maria Jose Pontes; Anselmo Frizera. Polymer Optical Fiber-Based Sensor System for Smart Walker Instrumentation and Health Assessment. IEEE Sensors Journal 2018, 19, 567 -574.

AMA Style

Arnaldo G. Leal-Junior, Camilo R. Diaz, Mario F. Jimenez, Catia Leitao, Carlos Marques, Maria Jose Pontes, Anselmo Frizera. Polymer Optical Fiber-Based Sensor System for Smart Walker Instrumentation and Health Assessment. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2018; 19 (2):567-574.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arnaldo G. Leal-Junior; Camilo R. Diaz; Mario F. Jimenez; Catia Leitao; Carlos Marques; Maria Jose Pontes; Anselmo Frizera. 2018. "Polymer Optical Fiber-Based Sensor System for Smart Walker Instrumentation and Health Assessment." IEEE Sensors Journal 19, no. 2: 567-574.

Conference paper
Published: 14 October 2018 in Biosystems & Biorobotics
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Advantages like electromagnetic field immunity, fracture toughness, high strain limits, flexibility in bending and impact resistance of polymer optical fibers (POFs) are beneficial for applications that involve embedment in flexible structures. Since insoles are one of these flexible structures that may be used in different wearable applications, POFs can be applied and this paper proposes the application of POF sensors in insole instrumentation with two different approaches: intensity variation-based and polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs). Results show that both approaches present low errors with root mean squared errors (RMSEs) of 45.17 kPa for the plantar pressure monitoring with the POFBG-based insole and 5.30 N for the ground reaction force measurement with the intensity variation sensors. These results demonstrate the feasibility of POF sensors applications in flexible structures and in wearable applications such as insoles and soft robotics instrumentation.

ACS Style

Arnaldo G. Leal-Junior; Antreas Theodosiou; Anselmo Frizera; Maria F. Domingues; Cátia Leitão; Kyriacos Kalli; Paulo André; Paulo Antunes; Maria José Pontes; Carlos Marques. Polymer Optical Fiber Sensors Approaches for Insole Instrumentation. Biosystems & Biorobotics 2018, 470 -474.

AMA Style

Arnaldo G. Leal-Junior, Antreas Theodosiou, Anselmo Frizera, Maria F. Domingues, Cátia Leitão, Kyriacos Kalli, Paulo André, Paulo Antunes, Maria José Pontes, Carlos Marques. Polymer Optical Fiber Sensors Approaches for Insole Instrumentation. Biosystems & Biorobotics. 2018; ():470-474.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arnaldo G. Leal-Junior; Antreas Theodosiou; Anselmo Frizera; Maria F. Domingues; Cátia Leitão; Kyriacos Kalli; Paulo André; Paulo Antunes; Maria José Pontes; Carlos Marques. 2018. "Polymer Optical Fiber Sensors Approaches for Insole Instrumentation." Biosystems & Biorobotics , no. : 470-474.

Article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Journal of Hypertension
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ACS Style

Fernando Ribeiro; Susana Lopes; Catarina Garcia; Verónica Ribau; Loide Barbosa; Cátia Leitão; Pedro Carvalho; Ilda P. Ribeiro; João L. Viana; Daniela Figueiredo; Susana Bertoquini; Jorge Polónia; José Mesquita-Bastos; Alberto J. Alves. A10295 Effects of exercise training on arterial stiffness and peripheral and central blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension 2018, 36, e153 .

AMA Style

Fernando Ribeiro, Susana Lopes, Catarina Garcia, Verónica Ribau, Loide Barbosa, Cátia Leitão, Pedro Carvalho, Ilda P. Ribeiro, João L. Viana, Daniela Figueiredo, Susana Bertoquini, Jorge Polónia, José Mesquita-Bastos, Alberto J. Alves. A10295 Effects of exercise training on arterial stiffness and peripheral and central blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension. 2018; 36 ():e153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Ribeiro; Susana Lopes; Catarina Garcia; Verónica Ribau; Loide Barbosa; Cátia Leitão; Pedro Carvalho; Ilda P. Ribeiro; João L. Viana; Daniela Figueiredo; Susana Bertoquini; Jorge Polónia; José Mesquita-Bastos; Alberto J. Alves. 2018. "A10295 Effects of exercise training on arterial stiffness and peripheral and central blood pressure." Journal of Hypertension 36, no. : e153.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2018 in Hypertension Research
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The aim of this study, enrolling 118 patients, was to clinically evaluate the accuracy of carotid pulse waveform acquisition with a new non-invasive optical fiber probe using invasive and non-invasive pressure readings as references. Pulse waves were acquired simultaneously in the ascending aorta and right common carotid; for the non-invasive study, the pulses were sequentially acquired using the optical fiber device and the Complior Analyse® (Alam Medical, France) device in the right carotid artery. For all subjects, the pulse waveforms assessed using the optical fiber sensor and the references were superimposed to analyze the deviation and point-by-point correlation. Augmentation index and central pressure were compared using intraclass correlation and Bland–Altman analyses with a confidence interval of 95%. For the invasive study, the acquired waves presented a mean deviation of 11 ± 3% and a mean intraclass correlation of 0.97 ± 0.02. Concerning the augmentation index and central systolic pressure, correlations of 0.79 (p < 0.001) and 0.94 (p < 0.001) were found, respectively. In the non-invasive comparison, the assessed mean deviation between the morphologies of the waves was 13 ± 5%, with correlation coefficients of 0.91 (p < 0.001) for the augmentation index and 0.98 (p < 0.001) for central systolic pressure. The results show that the optical fiber probe results were highly correlated with those obtained using the reference techniques in terms of the pulse waveforms, central systolic pressure (cSP), and augmentation index assessment.

ACS Style

Cátia Leitão; Verónica Ribau; Vera Afreixo; Paulo Antunes; Paulo André; João L. Pinto; Pierre Boutouyrie; Stéphane Laurent; Jose Bastos. Clinical evaluation of an optical fiber-based probe for the assessment of central arterial pulse waves. Hypertension Research 2018, 41, 904 -912.

AMA Style

Cátia Leitão, Verónica Ribau, Vera Afreixo, Paulo Antunes, Paulo André, João L. Pinto, Pierre Boutouyrie, Stéphane Laurent, Jose Bastos. Clinical evaluation of an optical fiber-based probe for the assessment of central arterial pulse waves. Hypertension Research. 2018; 41 (11):904-912.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cátia Leitão; Verónica Ribau; Vera Afreixo; Paulo Antunes; Paulo André; João L. Pinto; Pierre Boutouyrie; Stéphane Laurent; Jose Bastos. 2018. "Clinical evaluation of an optical fiber-based probe for the assessment of central arterial pulse waves." Hypertension Research 41, no. 11: 904-912.

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2018 in Optics & Laser Technology
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In this paper, we present the development of a polymer optical fiber (POF) sensor for simultaneous measurement of breath (BR) and heart rates (HR). The sensor is embedded as a smart textile solution that can be used within the user’s clothes. In addition, a signal processing technique is proposed for obtaining the HR and BR without the influence of body movements and in different positions of the user’s chest. Sensor signal processing and analysis are made in the frequency domain and different filters are applied. Results show errors below 4 beats per minute and 2 breaths per minute for the HR and BR, respectively, even when the user is performing periodic body movements such as the ones induced by the gait. Thus, the proposed POF-based smart textile is a low-cost solution with good accuracy that can be readily applied in the remote monitoring of patients at home without disturbing their daily activities.

ACS Style

Arnaldo G. Leal-Junior; Camilo R. Díaz; Cátia Leitão; Maria José Pontes; Carlos Marques; Anselmo Frizera. Polymer optical fiber-based sensor for simultaneous measurement of breath and heart rate under dynamic movements. Optics & Laser Technology 2018, 109, 429 -436.

AMA Style

Arnaldo G. Leal-Junior, Camilo R. Díaz, Cátia Leitão, Maria José Pontes, Carlos Marques, Anselmo Frizera. Polymer optical fiber-based sensor for simultaneous measurement of breath and heart rate under dynamic movements. Optics & Laser Technology. 2018; 109 ():429-436.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arnaldo G. Leal-Junior; Camilo R. Díaz; Cátia Leitão; Maria José Pontes; Carlos Marques; Anselmo Frizera. 2018. "Polymer optical fiber-based sensor for simultaneous measurement of breath and heart rate under dynamic movements." Optics & Laser Technology 109, no. : 429-436.

Article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Journal of Hypertension
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The present study aimed to clinically evaluate the accuracy of central systolic pressure (cSP) and augmentation index (AIx) acquisition with a new non-invasive plastic optical fibre probe, using as references invasive and non-invasive pressure acquisition techniques. For the invasive reference comparison, pulse waves were acquired simultaneously in the ascending aorta, during catheterization, and in the right common carotid. For the non-invasive study, the pulses were successively acquired with the optical fibre device and the Complior Analyse® in the right carotid artery. For all the subjects respecting the inclusion criteria (n = 105), the assessed pulse waveforms with the optical fibre sensor and the references were superimposed to analyse the deviation and point-by-point correlation between them. AIx and cSP were compared using intraclass correlation and Bland-Altman analysis, with a confidence interval of 95%. For the catheterization study, the acquired waves presented a mean deviation of 11 ± 3% and a mean intraclass correlation of 0.97 ± 0.02. For the AIx (n = 21) and cSP (n = 29), correlations of 0.79 (p

ACS Style

C. Leitao; V. Ribau; V. Afreixo; P. Antunes; P. André; J. Pinto; P. Boutouyrie; S. Laurent; Jose Bastos. CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PLASTIC OPTICAL FIBRE BASED PROBE IN THE DETERMINATION OF CENTRAL SYSTOLIC PRESSURE AND AUGMENTATION INDEX. Journal of Hypertension 2018, 36, e181 -e182.

AMA Style

C. Leitao, V. Ribau, V. Afreixo, P. Antunes, P. André, J. Pinto, P. Boutouyrie, S. Laurent, Jose Bastos. CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PLASTIC OPTICAL FIBRE BASED PROBE IN THE DETERMINATION OF CENTRAL SYSTOLIC PRESSURE AND AUGMENTATION INDEX. Journal of Hypertension. 2018; 36 (Supplement):e181-e182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Leitao; V. Ribau; V. Afreixo; P. Antunes; P. André; J. Pinto; P. Boutouyrie; S. Laurent; Jose Bastos. 2018. "CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PLASTIC OPTICAL FIBRE BASED PROBE IN THE DETERMINATION OF CENTRAL SYSTOLIC PRESSURE AND AUGMENTATION INDEX." Journal of Hypertension 36, no. Supplement: e181-e182.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2018 in Optics Letters
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This Letter demonstrates the application of polymer optical fibers (POFs) damaged by the fiber fuse effect to curvature sensing and dynamic angular monitoring. The curvature sensing performance using the fused-POF is compared to POF without the fuse effect. Both POFs are submitted to angles of up to 90 deg in flexion/extension cycles with angular velocities ranging from 0.48 rad/s to 5.61 rad/s. The fused POF is found to show higher performance with respect to sensitivity, correlation coefficient with linear regression, and hysteresis. For instance, at the angular velocity of 0.48 rad/s, the fused POF shows >3 times higher sensitivity and significantly lower hysteresis than those of the non-fused POF. In addition, the fused POFs have lower cross-sensitivity and hysteresis variations on the tests with different angular velocities. These results indicate that the fused POFs are potential candidates to develop curvature sensors with various advantages over non-fused POFs, for applications such as gait analysis and wearable robotics.

ACS Style

Arnaldo Leal-Junior; Anselmo Frizera; Heeyoung Lee; Yosuke Mizuno; Kentaro Nakamura; Cátia Leitão; Maria Fátima Domingues; Nélia Alberto; Paulo Antunes; Paulo André; Carlos Marques; Maria Jose Pontes. Design and characterization of a curvature sensor using fused polymer optical fibers. Optics Letters 2018, 43, 2539 -2542.

AMA Style

Arnaldo Leal-Junior, Anselmo Frizera, Heeyoung Lee, Yosuke Mizuno, Kentaro Nakamura, Cátia Leitão, Maria Fátima Domingues, Nélia Alberto, Paulo Antunes, Paulo André, Carlos Marques, Maria Jose Pontes. Design and characterization of a curvature sensor using fused polymer optical fibers. Optics Letters. 2018; 43 (11):2539-2542.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arnaldo Leal-Junior; Anselmo Frizera; Heeyoung Lee; Yosuke Mizuno; Kentaro Nakamura; Cátia Leitão; Maria Fátima Domingues; Nélia Alberto; Paulo Antunes; Paulo André; Carlos Marques; Maria Jose Pontes. 2018. "Design and characterization of a curvature sensor using fused polymer optical fibers." Optics Letters 43, no. 11: 2539-2542.

Conference paper
Published: 17 May 2018 in Nanophotonics VII
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Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world and its occurrence is closely related to arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness is commonly evaluated by analysing the arterial pulse waveform and velocity, with electromechanical pressure transducers, in superficial arteries such as carotid, radial and femoral. In order to ease the acquisition procedure and increase the patients comfort during the measurements, new optical fibre techniques have been explored to be used in the reliable detection of arterial pulse waves, due to their small size, high sensitivity, electrical isolation and immunity to electromagnetic interference. More specifically, fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) are refractive index modulated structures engraved in the core of an optical fibre, which have a well-defined resonance wavelength that varies with the strain conditions of the medium, known as Bragg wavelength. In this work, FBGs were embedded in a commercial resin, producing films that were used to assess the arterial pulse in superficial locations such as carotid, radial and foot dorsum. The technique proved to be a promising, comfortable and trustworthy way to assess the arterial pulses, with all the optical fibre use advantages, in a non-intrusive biomedical sensing procedure. Examples of possible applications of the developed structures are smart skin structures to monitor arterial cardiovascular parameters, in a stable and reliable way, throughout daily activities or even during exams with high electromagnetic fields, such as magnetic resonance imaging.

ACS Style

Cátia J. Leitão; Maria De Fátima F. Domingues; Cátia Tavares; João Lemos Pinto; Carlos Marques; Paulo Antunes; Susana Novais. Arterial pulses assessed with FBG based films: a smart skin approach. Nanophotonics VII 2018, 10685, 106852S .

AMA Style

Cátia J. Leitão, Maria De Fátima F. Domingues, Cátia Tavares, João Lemos Pinto, Carlos Marques, Paulo Antunes, Susana Novais. Arterial pulses assessed with FBG based films: a smart skin approach. Nanophotonics VII. 2018; 10685 ():106852S.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cátia J. Leitão; Maria De Fátima F. Domingues; Cátia Tavares; João Lemos Pinto; Carlos Marques; Paulo Antunes; Susana Novais. 2018. "Arterial pulses assessed with FBG based films: a smart skin approach." Nanophotonics VII 10685, no. : 106852S.

Conference paper
Published: 09 May 2018 in Optical Sensing and Detection V
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This work consists on the design and implementation of a compact and accurate biaxial optical fiber sensor (OFS) based on two in-line fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for the simultaneous measurement of shear and vertical forces. The two FBGs were inscribed in the same optical fiber and placed individually in two adjacent cavities. In the calibration and performance tests, the response from the optical fiber cells was compared with the values given by a three-axial electronic force sensor. Sensitivity values obtained for the FBG1 are K1V= (14.15±0.10) pm/N (vertical force) and K1S= (-26.02±0.08) pm/N (shear force) and for the FBG2 are K2V= (7.35±0.02) pm/N and K2S= (-24.29±0.08) pm/N. The conversion of the Bragg wavelength shift, given by the optical fiber sensors, into the shear and vertical force values is also presented along with its comparison to the values retrieved by an electronic sensor, yielding to low RMSE values, which shows the high accuracy of the algorithm applied. This work stands out from the others with optical fiber by the simplicity of its structure. The proposed solution represents a compact and reliable device for simultaneous measurement of shear and vertical forces, useful in several areas, such as: incorporation into insoles for plantar pressure and shear force measurement; electronic skin technologies; smart rehabilitation robotic exoskeletons; or even biomimetic prosthesis.

ACS Style

Catia Tavares; Maria De Fátima F. Domingues; Anselmo Frizera Neto; Cátia Leitão; Nélia Alberto; Carlos F. Marques; Ayman Radwan; Eduardo Rocon; Paulo André; Paulo Antunes. Biaxial optical fiber sensor based in two multiplexed Bragg gratings for simultaneous shear stress and vertical pressure monitoring. Optical Sensing and Detection V 2018, 10680, 106802R .

AMA Style

Catia Tavares, Maria De Fátima F. Domingues, Anselmo Frizera Neto, Cátia Leitão, Nélia Alberto, Carlos F. Marques, Ayman Radwan, Eduardo Rocon, Paulo André, Paulo Antunes. Biaxial optical fiber sensor based in two multiplexed Bragg gratings for simultaneous shear stress and vertical pressure monitoring. Optical Sensing and Detection V. 2018; 10680 ():106802R.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catia Tavares; Maria De Fátima F. Domingues; Anselmo Frizera Neto; Cátia Leitão; Nélia Alberto; Carlos F. Marques; Ayman Radwan; Eduardo Rocon; Paulo André; Paulo Antunes. 2018. "Biaxial optical fiber sensor based in two multiplexed Bragg gratings for simultaneous shear stress and vertical pressure monitoring." Optical Sensing and Detection V 10680, no. : 106802R.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2018 in Optics Express
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This paper presents the characterization of polymer optical fibers (POFs) submitted to the catastrophic fuse effect towards intensity-variation-based sensing of strain, transverse force, temperature, and moisture. In the experiments, POFs with and without the fuse effect are tested and the results are compared with respect to the sensitivity, linearity, and root mean squared error (RMSE). The fused POFs have higher linearity and lower RMSE than non-fused POFs in strain and transverse force sensing. Also, the sensitivity of the fused POFs is higher in transverse force and temperature sensing, which can be related to the higher sensitivity to the curvature that the transverse force creates on the POF and to the more significant variations of the refractive index with temperature increase. Additionally, the fused POFs present lower moisture absorption than the non-fused POFs. The presented results indicate a great potential of the fused POFs intensity-variation-based sensing applications of various physical parameters.

ACS Style

Arnaldo Leal Junior; Anselmo Frizera; Heeyoung Lee; Yosuke Mizuno; Kentaro Nakamura; Tiago Paixão; Cátia Leitão; Maria De Fátima F. Domingues; Nélia Alberto; Paulo Antunes; Paulo André; Carlos Marques; Maria Pontes. Strain, temperature, moisture, and transverse force sensing using fused polymer optical fibers. Optics Express 2018, 26, 12939 -12947.

AMA Style

Arnaldo Leal Junior, Anselmo Frizera, Heeyoung Lee, Yosuke Mizuno, Kentaro Nakamura, Tiago Paixão, Cátia Leitão, Maria De Fátima F. Domingues, Nélia Alberto, Paulo Antunes, Paulo André, Carlos Marques, Maria Pontes. Strain, temperature, moisture, and transverse force sensing using fused polymer optical fibers. Optics Express. 2018; 26 (10):12939-12947.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arnaldo Leal Junior; Anselmo Frizera; Heeyoung Lee; Yosuke Mizuno; Kentaro Nakamura; Tiago Paixão; Cátia Leitão; Maria De Fátima F. Domingues; Nélia Alberto; Paulo Antunes; Paulo André; Carlos Marques; Maria Pontes. 2018. "Strain, temperature, moisture, and transverse force sensing using fused polymer optical fibers." Optics Express 26, no. 10: 12939-12947.