Modern electrical transportation systems require eco-friendly refueling stations worldwide. This has attracted the interest of researchers toward a feasible optimal solution for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. EV charging can be simply classified as Slow charging (domestic use), Fast charging and Ultrafast charging (commercial use). This study highlights recent advancements in commercial DC charging. The battery voltage varies widely from 36V to 900V according to the EVs. This study focuses on non-isolated unidirectional converters for off-board charging. Various standards and references for fast off-board charging have been proposed. Complete transportation is changed to EVs, which are charged by the grid supply obtained by burning natural fuels, contributing to environmental concerns. Sustainable charging from sustainable energy sources will make future EV completely eco-friendly transportation. The research gap in complete eco-friendly transit is located in interfacing sustainable energy sources and fast DC EV charging. The first step towards clean, eco-friendly transportation is identifying a suitable converter for bridging the research gap in this locality. A simple approach has been made to identify the suitable DC-DC converter for DC fast-charging EVs. This article carefully selected suitable topologies derived from Boost, SEPIC, Cuk, Luo, and Zeta converters for clean EV charging applications. A detailed study on the components count, voltage stress on the controlled and uncontrolled switches, voltage gain obtained, output voltage, power rating of the converters, switching frequency, efficiency obtained, and issues associated with the selected topologies are presented. The outcome of this study is presented as the research challenges or expectations of future converter topologies for charging.

This paper proposes an effective approach to solve renewable distributed generators (RDGs) and electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) allocation problems in the distribution system (DS) to reduce power loss (P_Loss) and enhance voltage profile. The RDGs considered for this work are solar, wind and fuel cell. The uncertainties related to RDGs are modelled using probability distribution functions (PDF). These sources’ best locations and sizes are identified by the voltage stability index (VSI) and political optimization algorithm (POA). Furthermore, EV charging strategies such as the conventional charging method (CCM) and optimized charging method (OCM) are considered to study the method’s efficacy. The developed approach is studied on Indian 28 bus DS. Different cases are considered, such as a single DG, multiple DGs and a combination of DGs and EVs. This placement of multiple DGs along with EVs, considering proper scheduling patterns, minimizes P_Loss and considerably improves the voltage profile. Finally, the proposed method is compared with other algorithms, and simulated results show that the POA method produces better results in all aspects.

Electrical steels play a crucial role in modern electrical devices and power systems due to their exceptional magnetic properties. This comprehensive review delves into the advancements in the field of electrical steels, focusing on key aspects such as microstructure, loss analysis, magnetic properties, alloying elements, and the influence of coatings. The microstructural characteristics of electrical steels are explored in relation to their impact on magnetic behaviour and overall performance. Loss analysis techniques are discussed, highlighting the importance of minimizing energy dissipation in applications. The intricate relationship between magnetic properties and material composition, including the role of alloying elements, is examined to elucidate the mechanisms governing magnetic behaviour. Furthermore, the influence of coatings on the performance of electrical steels is investigated, considering both protection against environmental factors and their impact on magnetic properties. Through a comprehensive synthesis of recent research, this review provides valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of electrical steels and sets the stage for further advancements in their design and application.

Energy recovery from waste presents a promising alternative for several countries, including Ghana, which has struggled with unsustainable waste treatment methods and an inadequate power supply for several decades. The current study adopts a comprehensive multi-criteria decision-making approach for the selection of an optimal waste-to-energy (WtE) technology for implementation in Ghana. Four WtE technologies are evaluated against twelve selection criteria. An integrated AHP-fuzzy TOPSIS method is applied to estimate the criteria’s weights and rank the WtE alternatives. From the AHP results, technical criteria obtained the highest priority weight, while social criteria emerged as the least important in the selection process. The overall ranking order of WtE technologies obtained by fuzzy TOPSIS is as follows: anaerobic digestion > gasification > pyrolysis > plasma gasification. The sensitivity analysis indicates highly consistent and sturdy results regarding the optimal selection. This study recommends adopting a hybrid system of anaerobic digestion and gasification technologies, as this offers a well-balanced system under all of the evaluation criteria compared to the standalone systems. The results of the current study may help the government of Ghana and other prospective investors select a suitable WtE technology, and could serve as an index system for future WtE research in Ghana.

In this article, the problem of voltage and frequency stability in a hybrid multi-area power system including renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles has been investigated. Fractional order systems have been used to design innovative controllers for both load frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) based on the combination of fractional order proportional-integral and proportional-integral-derivative plus double derivative (FOPI–PIDD²). Here, the dandelion optimizer (DO) algorithm is used to optimize the proposed FOPI–PIDD² controller to stabilize the voltage and frequency of the system. Finally, the results of simulations performed on MATLAB/Simulink show fast, stable, and robust performance based on sensitivity analysis, as well as the superiority of the proposed optimal control strategy in damping frequency fluctuations and active power, exchanged between areas when faced with step changes in load, the changes in the generation rate of units, and the uncertainties caused by the wide changes of dynamic values.

This study initiates the implementation of fractional-order (FO) fuzzy (F) PID (FOFPID) controller fine-tuned using a seagull optimization algorithm (SOA) for the study of load frequency control (LFC). Initially, the SOA-tuned FOFPID regulator is implemented on the widely utilized model of dual-area reheat-thermal system (DARTS), named test system-1 in this work for a perturbation of 10% step load (10% SLP) on area-1. Dynamical analysis of the DARTS system reveals the viability of the SOA-tuned FOFPID control scheme in regulating frequency deviations effectively compared to other control schemes covered in the literature. Later, the presented regulator is implemented on the multi-area diverse sources (MADS) system possessing realistic constraints in this study, termed test system-2. The sovereignty of the presented FOFPID controller is once again evidenced with controllers of PID/FOPID/FPID fine-tuned with the SOA approach. Moreover, the effect of considering practical realistic nonlinearity constraints such as communication time delays (CTDs) on MADS system performance is visualized and the necessity of its consideration is demonstrated. Furthermore, AC-DC lines are incorporated with the MADS system to enhance the performance under heavy-load disturbances and the robustness of the proposed regulatory mechanism is deliberated.