Due to traumatic injuries, including those from surgical procedures, adhesions occur in over 50% of cases, necessitating exclusive surgical intervention for treatment. However, preventive measures can be implemented during abdominal organ surgeries. These measures involve creating a barrier around internal organs to forestall adhesion formation in the postoperative phase. Yet, the effectiveness of the artificial barrier relies on considerations of its biocompatibility and the avoidance of adverse effects on the body. This study explores the biocompatibility aspects, encompassing hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial and antioxidant activities, as well as the adhesion of blood serum proteins and macrophages to the surface of new composite film materials. The materials, derived from the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose modified by glycoluril and allantoin, were investigated. The research reveals that film materials with a heterocyclic fragment exhibit biocompatibility comparable to commercially used samples in surgery. Notably, film samples developed with glycoluril outperform the effects of commercial samples in certain aspects.

This article presents a critical review of chemical and technological approaches to the production of composites based on recycled polyolefins using thermoplastic processing. The aim of the review is to identify the relationships between feedstock condition, changes during processing, interactions between components, and material propertie. The main focus is on recycled polyethylene and polypropylene, including mixed and multi-component waste. The influence of the origin, contaminants and thermomechanical history of the raw materials on processability is analysed. Chain scission, branching and cross-linking are examined, together with their effects on molecular-weight characteristics, crystallinity and rheological behaviour. Methods for stabilising polymers and modifying composites using fillers and compatibilisers are summarised. The roles of extrusion, co-extrusion, injection moulding, calendering and compression moulding are analysed. It is shown that the content of recycled polymer and the melt flow index, taken separately, are insufficient for predicting properties. Environmental, economic and regulatory aspects are considered. The need for an integrated ‘chemical changes – structure – technology – properties’ approach is justified; this approach enables the targeted formation of the structure and regulation of the performance characteristics of composites through the selection of composition, modifiers and processing conditions.