Background Private universities in Peru still need to implement digital transformation models to enhance the job performance of faculty and staff, achieving consistent improvement in the performance levels of university teachers by deploying technological and didactic tools for students. Therefore, the study aims to determine the relationship between digital transformation and the job performance of employees at a Private University. Methods The research approach was quantitative, employing a non-experimental, longitudinal correlational design. The technique used was a survey, applied to a sample of 104 employees (school heads, faculty, and a director) from the university on a national level from a total population of 144. Results Descriptive results reveal that the university has regularly adopted tools related to digital transformation. In particular, it has efficiently employed agile technologies, Big Data, and various technological means, benefiting 90% (52% and 38%) of the staff. The study also showed a high positive correlation (0.92>0.7) between digital transformation and the job performance of staff at the Private University, confirming that there is a significant connection between the variables studied. Conclusions Therefore, creating an innovative culture across all hierarchical levels and identifying key technologies that add value to the learning flow can meet the needs of an increasingly demanding society.

This study examines the development, sustainability, and innovation of Peru's exports to the European Union since the commencement of their free trade agreement. The methodology is quantitative, based on export data from 2012 to 2023, primarily sourced from Sunat Customs and commercial intelligence tools. The analysis covers the value of exports, diversification, and competitiveness over the period. The findings reveal a significant growth in Peruvian exports to the European Union, especially to countries like the Netherlands and Spain, while a decrease is noted in Germany and Belgium. There is evidence of an increase in the number of exporting companies, indicating greater diversification and strengthening of the Peruvian export sector. Innovation has been crucial in developing competitive products such as avocados and blueberries. However, the study emphasizes the need to continue focusing on diversification, sustainability, and innovation to maintain and improve Peru's position in the European market. It suggests increased collaboration between governmental entities, the private sector, and research centers to foster adaptation to market demands and participation in trade and promotional fairs.

The present study examined the impact of agricultural exports on economic growth in Lambayeque, Peru, during the period 2010–2023. An ordinary least squares (OLS) econometric model was employed to analyze the relationship between gross value added (GVA) and key macroeconomic variables, including agricultural exports, private investment, real wages, terms of trade, and the real multilateral exchange rate. The findings indicate that the model possesses considerable explanatory power (R² = 0.973) and that agricultural exports exert a positive and significant influence on regional GVA. In addition, private investment and real wages demonstrate positive elasticities, while terms of trade exhibit a negative relationship with regional economic growth. This highlights Lambayeque’s vulnerability to external price shocks. The study thus underscores the pivotal role of the Olmos Project, which has been instrumental in transforming arid land into fruitful agricultural zones through the implementation of an irrigation system encompassing over 22,000 hectares. This initiative has not only augmented agricultural exports, accounting for an impressive 90% of Lambayeque’s supply, but also contributed significantly to regional economic development by supporting employment generation and poverty reduction. Nevertheless, the presence of negative terms of trade indicates that the regional economy exhibits structural vulnerability in the face of external shocks. Notwithstanding the intrinsic limitations of regional, trade, and macroeconomic statistics, an understanding of the correlation between agro-exports and economic growth in a paradigmatic region of northern Peru provides substantial evidence for formulating policies to enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of the agro-export model.

This study analyzed the export of blueberries from Peru, focusing on the diversification of markets and companies. A quantitative and descriptive methodology was employed. Data was collected from the National Superintendency of Customs and Tax Administration of Peru (SUNAT), and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) was applied to quantify diversification. The findings revealed a significant increase in exports to the United States, United Kingdom, and Netherlands, with a notable rise in China. However, despite growth in the diversity of destinations, there was a concentration in target markets, with an HHI exceeding 3500 by 2023. On the corporate level, companies such as Camposol, Hortifrut-Peru, and Agrovision Peru showed remarkable growth, reflecting increased competitiveness and a decrease in market concentration, evidenced by an HHI below 700 in the same period. The study concludes by recommending expansion into emerging markets, particularly China, integration of sustainable agricultural practices, development of marketing strategies tailored to each market, and implementation of continuous market monitoring. These actions could strengthen Peru's position in the international blueberry market.

Background Women’s educational attainment and their generation of value through education has increased the prospects for achieving economic equality between men and women. However, women continue to earn lower wages than men, reflecting growing inequality in several countries. Therefore, the objective of the study is to estimate the impact of education on the gender wage gap in Peru over the period 2017-2021. Methods Quantitative, explanatory study aimed at identifying the impact of education on the gender wage gap in Peru during the period 2017-2021. The research design is non-experimental and uses a time series that analyses the influence of the latent variable of education on the gender wage gap. This is a continuous variable to estimate the Tobit model. Results The results show that the gender gap in Peru exhibited a decreasing trend between men and women during the period 2017-2020, with an average reduction of 10% until 2020 due to the health crisis. The highest average salary was achieved by men in 2019, reaching S/2289.97 soles, while women reached an average salary of S/1368.85 soles. In the post-pandemic scenario for 2021, the gender gap increased by 3%, with men earning an average salary of S/1999.63 soles and women earning an average salary of S/1281.16 soles. The analysis from 2017-2021 shows that years of education had a positive impact on the gender wage gap in Peru based on the Tobit model estimation. Conclusions During the analysis period of 2017-2021, years of education had a positive impact on the gender wage gap in Peru, with the greatest impact occurring during the health crisis. The probability of women’s incomes improving with an increase in years of education was 2.35%, while for men, the highest impact was in 2018, with a probability of income improvement of 2.16% in terms of marginal effect.

The research conducted compared footwear imports in Peru, both affected and unaffected by antidumping measures, during the period 2017-2020, with the aim of evaluating the resulting trade dynamics and their effect on the footwear industry. Utilizing a quantitative approach and a non-experimental design, import data under subheading 64.02.99.90.00 were analyzed, comparing imports subjected to antidumping measures with those that were not. The results show a decreasing trend in the CIF value of imports without antidumping measures, contrasting with modest growth in the value of imports affected by these measures. Furthermore, an increase in the unit value of products under antidumping measures was observed, suggesting a significant impact of these policies on import prices and volumes. The study's conclusions highlight that, although antidumping measures provide temporary protection to the local industry, they also significantly alter market dynamics, affecting both consumers and importers. The importance of continuous monitoring and thorough evaluations to ensure that these measures promote an adequate balance between the protection of the national industry and the benefits derived from international trade is emphasized. As a recommendation, it is suggested that the Peruvian government and relevant entities promote innovation, competitiveness, and the creation of export consortia. These measures aim to enhance the competitiveness of the Peruvian footwear industry on a global scale, minimizing dependence on protectionist practices and fostering sustainable and competitive industrial development in the international context.