El carbón vegetal elaborado en México proviene de diferentes especies y procesos, por lo que sus características varían ampliamente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar el carbón vegetal producido en el Norte-Centro de México, según normas internacionales de calidad y energía. Se recolectaron al azar tres bolsas de nueve procedencias comerciales de carbón de mezquite (Prosopis sp.), ébano (Ebenopsis sp.) y encino (Quercus sp.). Se determinaron granulometría, contenido de humedad, material volátil, carbono fijo, poder calorífico y los elementos Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn y Fe. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de varianza en un diseño completamente aleatorio con cuatro repeticiones por bolsa y comparación de medias con la prueba de Tukey. Predominó el tamaño 20 mm > X ≤ 50 mm, únicamente dos procedencias presentaron fragmentos > 100 mm. Los valores promedio fueron: contenido de humedad 5.1%, material volátil 25.9%, ceniza 6.3% y carbono fijo 62.7%. El poder calorífico más alto fue 27 669 kJ kg-1 y se registraron valores elevados de Ca (177 266.6 mg kg-1) y Mg (20 263.3 mg kg-1). Las procedencias 5, 7 y 8 presentaron más carbono fijo. La variación se relacionó con la especie y procedencia. Es necesario mejorar la calidad del carbón producido en México considerando granulometría, carbono fijo y poder calorífico, así como niveles bajos de contenido de humedad, material volátil y cenizas. La evaluación constante de estos componentes permitirá definir acciones para mejorar la calidad del carbón producido en México y facilitará su comercialización en mercados internacionales.

The basidiomycete Hericium erinaceus is one of the most consumed edibles and medicinal mushrooms in the world and appreciated in traditional Chinese medicine. In Mexico it is known as lion's mane. The biological efficiency of wild strains of H. erinaceus cultivated in different substrates in the Durango region, mainly agave bagasse, a waste from mezcal production, was evaluated. The CCH003 strain from Espinazo del diablo showed the highest biological efficiency of 42.33 % and a productivity rate of 0.47 %, with a total cultivation period of 90 days and three harvests. Regarding the evaluation of bioactive compounds, the same strain obtained significant differences compared to the others, it presented the highest values for all determinations; 60 ± 0.018 mg EAG.g ES-1 in phenolic content, 4.21 ± 0.013 mg EQ.g ES-1 for flavonoids, 71.16 ± 0.002 mg EAA.g ES-1 in CAT, 0.0012 ± 0.001 mg AA.g ES-1 for by ABTS and 121 ± 0.107 µg EAG.mL-1 by DPPH. The variability of the results in the tests carried out provides information on how the type of substrate, climatological and geographical conditions and stage of maturity influence the development of the fungus, including the production of secondary metabolites, even if it is the same species. It is expected that this information will be useful to promote the use of agave bagasse as a substrate in the cultivation of H. erinaceus and thereby diversify rural activities in the region, and in the future generate new studies on the effect of conditions on the production of bioactive compounds. Keywords: agave bagasse, antioxidant, medicinal mushrooms.

Climate change and soil degradation represent a threat to essential crops such as maize. In Mexico, this grain is of strategic importance, yet yields are often low. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can help mitigate this problem. The potential of Paenibacillus dendritiformis, isolated from the “El Chichonal” volcano (Chiapas, Mexico), was evaluated as a PGPB under laboratory conditions using infertile soil. Its capacity for nitrogen fixation (NF), phosphate solubilization (PS), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, biocontrol activity, and tolerance to different pH levels, temperature, and salinity were assessed. The effect of inoculation on maize seed germination and vigor was examined in vitro through morphological variables and dry weight. Completely randomized and randomized block designs were used, along with Duncan’s test (p < 0.05) for mean comparison. Cohen’s d was used to estimate the size of the treatment effect. P. dendritiformis demonstrated NF, PS, and IAA production, a wide range of environmental tolerance, and promoted root length and number of root hairs in maize at seven days, as well as increased leaf length and area and foliar and root dry weight at 14 days. It is concluded that P. dendritiformis has potential as a PGPB for infertile soils, based on laboratory evaluations.

In melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivation, there is very little evidence about the improvement of plants in the face of biotic and abiotic factors, photosynthetic metabolisms and crop productivity through fertilization and the addition of cobalt. The objective of our research was to demonstrate the effect of CO3 O4 NP's on growth, yield, fruit weight, TSS, firmness, cobalt content and bioactive compounds in melon fruits established in the open field. For this, a randomized complete block design was implemented with five treatments and control (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg L -1 of CO 3 O 4 NP's) and three replicates respectively. The use of CO3 O4 NP's at a dose of 20 mg L -1 increased the yield of the melon by 40% (42-ton ha -1), compared to the control which had a yield of 30 and 50-ton ha -1. As well as an increase in the weight of the fruits with the use of NP's in the highest doses by 9% compared to the control. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the cobalt concentration in pulp and peel. Bioactive compounds increased up to 2% at a dose of 20 mg L -1. The firmness and soluble solids content of the fruit were not significantly affected. Results indicated that concentration 20 mg L -1 of NP's, provides higher antioxidant capacity and content bioactive compounds (anthocyanianins) show better performance under these experimental conditions. therefore, NP's are a viable option for improving the physicochemical properties the fruit.

The aim of this study was the fermentation of cereal grains with Aspergillus oryzae at different times (0, 3, 5 and 7 days) to increase the total phenolic, protein and condensed tannins content. Therefore, four cereal grains were used: corn, oat, barley and sorghum. Cereal grains were subjected to a solid-state fermentation with de Aspergillus oryzae. Higher increases of protein in corn, oat and sorghum were observed at 5 and 7 days of fermentation. In relation to phenolic content, the highest content was shown at 7 days of fermentation in all grains. Otherwise, condensed tannins showed higher contents in corn and sorghum at 5 days of fermentation; whereas, oat reached higher contents at 7 days. No changes were observed in barley among 3 and 7 days of fermentation time. In conclusion, solid state fermentation increased phytochemicals and nutritional contents by changing fermentation time. http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2025.5 e2024-39 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILxhUfRZRLA El objetivo del presente trabajo fue fermentar granos de cereales con Aspergillus oryzae a diferentes tiempos (0, 3, 5 y 7 días) para incrementar su contenido fenólico total, proteico y taninos condensados. Para esto, se utilizaron granos de cuatro cereales: maíz, avena, cebada y sorgo. Los granos se sometieron a una fermentación en estado sólido con una cepa de Aspergillus oryzae. Los mayores incrementos de proteína cruda en maíz, sorgo y avena fueron observados a los 5 y 7 días de fermentación. En relación al contenido fenólico, se mostró el mayor contenido a los 7 días en todos los granos. Por otro lado, el contenido de taninos condensados mostró un mayor incremento en maíz y sorgo a los 5 días de fermentación, mientras que en avena se alcanzó a los 7 días. La cebada no mostró diferencias de 3 a 7 días. En conclusión, la fermentación en estado sólido incrementó el contenido fitoquímico y nutricional de cereales, al manipular el tiempo de fermentación. http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2025.5 e2024-39 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILxhUfRZRLA http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2025.5 e2024-39 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILxhUfRZRLA